Commit Graph

365 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Cristian Pogacean bef85adf9f Preserve NodeVersion eligibility when deleting runtime nodes
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-13 22:12:44 +02:00
romanett 8c52cba0b2 CTT reference server: faster alarm cycle in --ctt mode, MinSubscriptionLifetime 1000 ms (#4766)
Shortens CTT runs against the reference server without changing what the
CTT verifies.

## Changes
- **Alarm simulation step in `--ctt` mode: 1000 → 500 ms.**
`AlarmNodeManagerFactory.SimulationInterval` (default stays 1000 ms) is
passed to `AlarmNodeManager`; `ConsoleReferenceServer --ctt` sets it via
`Quickstarts.Servers.Utils.ConfigureCttModeNodeManagers()` to
`Utils.CttAlarmSimulationInterval` (500 ms) before the node managers are
created. A full alarm cycle (40 steps through all limits) takes 20 s
instead of 40 s. Every alarm still passes through all states and limits;
the alarm NodeIds carry the interval
(`…ExclusiveLevelAlarmType.500.Alarm` in CTT mode).
- **`Ctt.ReferenceServer.Config.xml`: `MinSubscriptionLifetime` 10000 →
1000 ms.** CTT scripts request short subscription lifetimes on purpose
and then wait for them to expire (Subscription Basic 063/016, Durable
012, Minimum 02 004, Publish Min 05 Err-001, Diagnostics 024); the 10 s
floor inflated those waits. Part 4 sets no minimum; the server still
enforces lifetime ≥ 3 × keep-alive.

## Measured (patched CTT 1.05.513 scripts)
| Part | Before | After |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| A&C (p18), alarm step only + CTT Alarm Cycle Time 20 | 932 s | 576 s |
| Subscriptions (p16), MinSubscriptionLifetime only | 679 s | 579 s |

Combined full run with the matching CTT-side changes (ReadyToRun server
build, publish interval 150 ms, SecureChannel min lifetime 1000 ms, A&C
Refresh script waits): **72 → 54 min**, 0 regressions against the CTT
baseline (the only error is the known CTT-binary defect GDS 019).

The CTT CI repo derives its `Alarm Cycle Time` from
`Utils.CttAlarmSimulationInterval`, so runs against branches without
this change keep the old 30 s setting.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13 21:49:18 +02:00
romanett 40288fa7d8 Tests: weighted FairRequestQueue test asserts the median of three windows (#4763)
# Description

`FairRequestQueueTests.WeightedServiceHoldsUnderConcurrentWorkersAsync`
failed once on GitHub Actions macOS net10.0 (#4753, run 38349863236):
light=124 heavy=276, ratio 2.23 against an expected 2.5-3.5. It passed
on every other CI run and 30/30 locally.

**Root cause.** `TrySelect` dequeues an owner's turn token from the
lock-free ready queue. On the last token of a turn, `TakeTurnToken`
CASes the turn and calls `PushTurn` for the next one. A worker preempted
between those two steps leaves the owner with no queued token while it
is stalled. The work-conserving dispatch serves the other owner in the
meantime, and that share is never made up. Delay injection confirms
this: sleeping 1 ms on every 7th turn publish collapses 1:3 to roughly
1:1 (light=199 heavy=201).

Publishing a turn ahead of time would only cover stalls shorter than one
round (microseconds), while real preemption lasts milliseconds. Making
up the lost share (deficit or virtual time) would mean redesigning the
scheduler. So this PR documents the bounded skew and makes the test
robust instead.

**Changes**
- `FairRequestQueue` remarks: the weighting holds over time, not in
every window, and a preempted worker can cost an owner its share for the
length of the stall.
- `WeightedServiceHoldsUnderConcurrentWorkersAsync` now measures 3
independent windows through `MeasureWeightedServiceAsync` and asserts
that the **median** heavy/light ratio is in 2.5-3.5. The failure message
lists all three windows.
- Each window uses perOwner = 480 and measured = 560, with queue limits
of `2 * perOwner`. That stays under the TestProvider's 1000-request cap
and keeps both owners backlogged.
- Each window still checks that both owners stay backlogged, then drains
the queue and checks that everything is back to zero.

The median tolerates one skewed window and still fails when the
weighting is lost systematically. With stalls injected into one window
only, the median is 3.0 and the test passes (e.g. `light=238 heavy=322;
light=140 heavy=420; light=140 heavy=420`). With stalls injected into
every window, it still fails.

**Validation:** the `FairRequestQueueTests` fixture passes 93/93 on
net10.0 Release. The weighted test passed 30/30 runs pinned to 2 cores
(`start /affinity 3`). `dotnet format whitespace --verify-no-changes` is
clean, and the build has 0 warnings.

## Related Issues

- Flaky test seen on #4753 after #4750 (FairRequestQueue without a
queue-wide lock)

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13 21:48:18 +02:00
Marc Schier 3e433eb6c4 XRegistry: registration lifecycle, identifier allocation, registrar roles and atomic Resource replace (#4756)
# Description

Extracts the generic xRegistry registration lifecycle from the WoT work
into a standalone, master-targeted change:

- Canonical xRegistry identifier allocation (`XRegistryIdentifier`) with
case-folded bounded collision handling and exact Version
allocation/delete semantics.
- Registrar roles / capabilities in the xRegistry NodeSet2 model (only
the roles/capabilities facts).
- Default-Version views and Resource Meta handling.
- FileType read/write modes, session ownership/discard, cursor handling,
and short reads until actual EOF on the client.
- Atomic whole-document `ReplaceAsync` on the in-memory and file-system
resource stores.
- Generic projection engine/provisioning and projection contracts, label
ownership/no-op behavior, Resource-vs-Version event targets.
- Documentation in `docs/XRegistry.md` and XML docs for owned members.
- Tests: Identifier, RegistrarRoles, Attribute, Projection,
RegistrationEvent, FileMode, ResourceStore, Client, VersionAssignment,
concurrent read.

Intentionally excluded (handled in separate PRs): trusted Federation /
Registry origin model and provider (G9); WoT lease/dispatcher, prepared
manifest, 0.7 model/version bump (G12).

Merged current `master` (a14b23e7d) with an ordinary merge; no
conflicts.

## Qualification (head a8fb2d01)

- `b9b4f224`: `Opc.Ua.XRegistry.Tests` 411/411 passed on net10.0 and
net48 (raw exit 0). TRX SHA256 net10 `4F669A1A...B02B`, net48
`3EDBFF2A...7D29`.
- `a8fb2d01` differs from `b9b4f224` by one added blank line (static
whitespace-only proof, CRLF intact); no rebuild/rerun of tests on
`a8fb2d01`.
- `a8fb2d01`: default-analyzer `dotnet format --verify` on
`Opc.Ua.XRegistry.Tests` reports 0 findings in lines changed by this PR;
128 pre-existing baseline findings are untouched.
`Opc.Ua.XRegistry.Server`: 0 owned (13 baseline) as of `b9b4f224`.
- Not claimed: full UA.slnx, native, or all-CI results.

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue; split of the WoT/xRegistry work.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.
2026-10-13 18:48:07 +00:00
Marc Schier c2b95e2085 XRegistry: trusted logical-Resource federation identity (#4755)
# Description

Adds trusted **logical-Resource** federation identity to XRegistry - A
federation proxy binds an origin registry (`RegistryOriginDataType`),
application, portable `ResourceNodeId` and Xid, never an endpoint or
content-digest identity.

- `XRegistryFederationTarget`, `IXRegistryFederationProvider`,
`XRegistryClient.Federation` (verify/follow/relocate; uses master's
`ISessionBindingProvider.CreateBindingAsync`).
- `XRegistryFederationNodeManager`, `XRegistryServerOptions`/DI:
required target/provider verification and proxy admission.
- Model hunks only: `RegistryOriginDataType` 63026 (+encodings
63591/63592), `OriginRegistry` 63593 + `ResourceType` HasProperty,
`ExternalReference`/`ResourceUrl` description rewrites.
- Tests (`XRegistryFederationNodeManagerTests`), package READMEs,
`docs/XRegistry.md` Federation section (links `SessionBindings.md`).

Merged current master (a14b23e7) into the branch (ordinary merge, no
conflicts).

## Dependency merge gate (not in this PR)

- Group 8 owns registrar roles/capabilities (63027-63029, 63594-63600)
and generic registration/ProjectionEngine/FileType work. When G8 lands,
the model XML must be combined by whole-element merge keeping both
slices (one additive-tail textual conflict is expected).
- Model 0.7 / date / version and csproj package-version bump are
unallocated here (integration owner, Group 12). This is a partial model,
not a new release.
- WotCon live federation fixtures need the WoT registry base partial
(G8/G12) and are excluded.

## Verification (source b6a68701dc)

- Secured live Verify/Follow harness
(`XRegistryClientFederationLiveTests`, 15 cases, real
`XRegistryProjectionEngine` test host): **15/15 passed on net10.0** (TRX
SHA256 `F54DB38E...E518`) and **15/15 passed on net48** (local guarded
runs, raw exit 0).
- Owned `dotnet format --severity info --verify-no-changes` findings: 0.
Remaining findings are baseline only (`XRegistryClient.cs:532` RCS0055;
unrelated WotCon.Tests lines).
- Client fix: `CaptureFederationBindingAsync` maps only binding-capture
`ObjectDisposedException` to `BadSessionClosed`.
- **Not claimed:** full UA.slnx test run, coverage, NativeAOT, or CI
results; the `XRegistryFederationNodeManager` unit-test async changes
and `ClearChangeMasksAsync` change are source changes pending CI.

## Opaque identity capture (source
fb5ea84644)

- `XRegistryFederationTarget` and `XRegistryClient` now own a deep copy
of opaque (ByteString) `NodeId`/`ExpandedNodeId` identities before
portable identity capture (internal `XRegistryNodeIdCopy`,
compile-linked into the client; namespace index/URI/server index
preserved, non-opaque ids unchanged). No public API change.
- Public regression tests (`XRegistryOpaqueIdentityTests`):
`TargetResourceNodeIdIgnoresLaterBufferMutation`,
`TargetOriginRegistryNodeIdIgnoresLaterBufferMutation`,
`ClientRegistryNodeIdIgnoresLaterBufferMutation`,
`TargetNonOpaqueNodeIdsKeepTheirIdentity`.
- RED on old source (b6 + tests only, `b840e654`, net10.0): 3 mutation
tests failed, non-opaque control passed (TRX SHA256
`01B4868E...BEA3B9A`).
- GREEN at `d02480d9` (net10.0 and net48): 4/4 passed; full secure live
harness 15/15 on net10.0 and net48.
- `fb5ea84` differs from `d02480d9` only by a final newline in the new
test file (`git diff -w` empty); runtime results above were executed at
`d02480d9`, not re-executed at `fb5ea84`. Tests-project formatter at
`fb5ea84`: clean.
- Format: `XRegistry`/`Server` clean; `Client` only baseline
`XRegistryClient.cs:532` RCS0055; WotCon.Tests not re-run (restore
assets missing; hunks unchanged since b6 proof).
- **Not claimed:** full UA.slnx, coverage, NativeAOT, or CI results.
## Related Issues

- None.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.
2026-10-13 17:32:52 +00:00
romanett 3a31473cf4 Server: no server-wide or per-session locks in per-request session validation (#4753)
# Description

Every request passes through `SessionManager.TryGetSessionContext` at
admission and again at dispatch
(`FairRequestQueue.GetRevalidationStatus` →
`DefaultServerResourceIsolationProvider` →
`ISessionBindingProvider.TryGetSessionContext`), and then through
`Session.ValidateRequest`. Together they took:

1. the server-wide `m_bindingsLock`, to confirm the candidate binding
was still the committed one;
2. the per-session diagnostics lock in `Session.HasExpired`. It is
inlined, so CPU traces charge its spin to `TryGetSessionContext`;
3. the session lock in `Session.IsSecureChannelValid`;
4. the session lock around all of `Session.ValidateRequest`, plus the
diagnostics lock twice (contact refresh, diagnostic counters);
5. the server-wide `SessionManager` event lock, to raise
`SessionDiagnosticsChanged` for every request even when nothing
subscribes.

With the FairRequestQueue lock also removed (a local change without the
queue-wide lock, not yet a PR), these were the next waiting points:
14–16.5 % of on-CPU samples spun in `Lock.TryEnterSlow` under
`TryGetSessionContext`, and once that was fixed another 7–10 % under
`Session.ValidateRequest`.

## Changes

**SessionManager: confirm the binding without the bindings lock**
- `SessionActivationState` publishes a `DispatchBinding` (the committed
binding while no activation is committing, otherwise `null`) with
`Volatile.Write`. The `BindingContext` and `IsCommitting` setters
republish it, and every writer of those already runs under
`m_bindingsLock`.
- The lookup reads it once for the candidate and once to confirm. A
commit always creates a new `SessionBindingContext`, so an unchanged
reference means nothing replaced it. A token is mapped to a session
object at most once and is never re-added after removal, so finding the
token still mapped to the same session afterwards means both held at the
instant of the confirming read, which is the guarantee the lock gave.
- IsCommitting, transfer, close/claim, shutdown and the
certificate/security checks are unchanged.

**Session: read the channel id without the session lock**
- `SecureChannelId` is published with a volatile write in `Activate`,
and `IsSecureChannelValid` reads it without the session lock.

**Session: request validation and diagnostic counters without locks**
- Request counts are interlocked increments of per-session slots (total
and error per `RequestType`, plus unauthorized). They are applied to
`SessionDiagnostics` under the diagnostics lock whenever it is read
(`ReadDiagnostics`, `UpdateDiagnostics`, the diagnostics-node callback,
`ClientLastContactTime`), so readers see the same totals.
- The contact refresh is a compare-and-swap on the tick count, and
requests within the same millisecond do not write. An expiry observed by
`HasExpired` or by a refresh is recorded in the contact word
(`kExpiredFlag`), so a request that read the clock before the monitor
saw the timeout cannot refresh it afterwards. This keeps the documented
"a request cannot revive a session the monitor saw expire" guarantee
without the lock. The intermediate commit that made `HasExpired`
lock-free on its own had opened that window; this commit closes it.
- `ValidateRequest` takes no session lock: the channel id and
`Activated` are published with volatile writes.
- `RaiseSessionEvent` returns before taking the event lock when a
`DiagnosticsChanged` event has no subscriber.

Behaviour differences reviewers should know about:
- `ClientLastContactTime` is millisecond-granular, and two concurrent
refreshes can publish their wall-clock times in reverse order, which
leaves it up to about 1 ms older than the latest contact.
- After an expiry has been observed, an `Activate` no longer refreshes
the contact time. `SessionManager` already rejects activation of an
expired session before that point.

## Tests
- `LookupDuringActivationCommitReturnsNoBindingAsync`: a lookup inside
the commit window (after `Session.Activate`, before the binding commit)
returns no binding. A test session re-implements `ISession.Activate` to
run the hook. Before this test, publishing the binding regardless of
`IsCommitting` passed all 690 session tests.
- `LookupRacingTransfersAndCloseReturnsOnlyCommittedBindingsAsync`: 4
readers look up while 1000 transfers alternate between two channels,
followed by a close. Each result must be a committed binding of the
queried channel, no older than the last completed activation and never
decreasing, and nothing may come back after the close.
- `RequestRacingObservedExpiryDoesNotReviveTheSessionAsync`: a clock
hook lets the monitor observe the expiry between a request's clock read
and its refresh, and the request must fail with `Bad_SessionClosed`. It
fails if `HasExpired` does not record the expiry.
- `ConcurrentRequestsAreCountedExactlyAsync`: 8 threads × 2100
validations (Read/Browse, plus rejected Writes). The totals, per-service
counts, error counts and unauthorized count must be exact, and a
concurrent reader never sees the total go backwards.
- Local runs (net10.0): `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` 8487 passed / 0 failed;
`Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` 851 passed / 0 failed / 379 skipped. net48
builds.

## Measurements
`perf/ServerLoadHarness`, Server GC, paired alternating A/B, 7 rounds.
Baseline is master 8b360da7d + that FairRequestQueue change; candidate
adds the three commits.

| scenario | CPU µs/req | alloc B/req | lock contentions/req | req/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| read 1 node, 10 sessions × 100 in flight | 25.4 → 24.1 (−5 %) | 5456 →
5455 | −66 % | +1 % |
| read 1 node, 200 sessions | 42.9 → 43.7 (+2 %) | 5225 → 5212 | −60 % |
−5 % |

CPU and throughput differences are within this shared machine's
run-to-run noise (CPU ranges overlap on both sides). Allocation and
contention per request are the stable signals.

CPU trace (10 × 100), share of on-CPU samples spinning in
`Lock.TryEnterSlow`, 2 runs each:

| build | total | under `TryGetSessionContext` | under
`Session.ValidateRequest` |
|---|---|---|---|
| baseline | 20.8 / 23.7 % | 14.0 / 16.5 % | 0.8 / 0.9 % |
| + binding snapshot | 18.0 / 16.6 % | 12.5 / 11.3 % (inlined
`HasExpired`) | 0.9 / 0.7 % |
| + lock-free `HasExpired` / channel id | 9.5–13.5 % | 0 | 4.8–9.9 % |
| + lock-free validation and counters | 3.5 / 3.4 % | 0 | 0 |

The spin moves rather than disappearing: `Monitor.Enter_Slowpath`, from
the channel locks in `TcpServerChannel.HandleIncomingMessageAsync` /
`SendResponseAsync` and `ChannelGate`, rises from 37–40 % to about 47 %.
That is the next waiting point.

On master alone (FairRequestQueue lock still in place), CPU/req and
alloc/req changes are within noise.

## Related Issues

- Follow-up to the o6 benchmark gap work (#4742, #4743).

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
(Opc.Ua.Server.Tests and Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests on net10.0; net48
compiles)
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13 10:32:16 +02:00
romanett a14b23e7dd Server: cheaper symmetric crypto path, FairRequestQueue without a queue-wide lock (#4750)
# Server: cheaper symmetric crypto path, FairRequestQueue without a
queue-wide lock

Roadmap items E1 and 5b of the o6 benchmark gap analysis, one commit
each.

- **E1:** Windows one-shot `Aes.EncryptCbc`/`DecryptCbc` import the key
(`BCryptImportKey`) on every message, although #4720 caches one `Aes`
per channel token. The AES-GCM and ChaCha20-Poly1305 policies also
created a new keyed instance per message.
- **5b:** with `AsyncCustomNodeManager`, which is what the o6
benchmark's 2.0.1 worker uses, the `FairRequestQueue` gate became the
largest waiting point. `TryEnqueue`, `TrySelect` and `TryDequeue` spun
on one `Lock` for every request.

No wire, configuration or public API changes.

## Results

These are paired A/B runs against `origin/master`, five rounds per
scenario. The two harness builds alternate per round, starting side
swapped every round, on the same shared machine (Ryzen AI 9 HX 370, 12
cores / 24 threads, Windows 11). The tables show medians, with ranges in
brackets where they matter.

The server is configured like the o6 2.0.1 worker:
`AsyncCustomNodeManager`, Server GC, queue sized clients × outstanding +
3. o6read uses the benchmark's native open62541 client workers; `read`
uses the harness's .NET client. On this machine throughput moves between
rounds by up to 2×, so CPU and bytes per request are the reliable
signals.

### E1: symmetric crypto (measured on 0dff94bd3)

| Scenario | req/s | Server CPU µs/req | Server alloc B/req | Client CPU
µs/req | Client alloc B/req |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| read --nodes 1, Basic256Sha256 SignAndEncrypt, 24 cores | 115,300 →
103,600 (ranges overlap) | 64.6 → 60.9 (**−6 %**) | 5,698 → 5,486 | 44.9
→ 41.7 (**−7 %**) | 2,672 → 2,456 |
| o6read 10×100, encrypted, 4-CPU mask | 71,300 → 75,900 | 51.8 → 51.4 |
6,323 → 6,111 | – | – |
| o6read 10×100, encrypted, 24 cores | 123,500 → 118,200 (ranges
overlap) | 115.7 → 117.2 | 6,716 → 6,515 | – | – |
| o6read 10×100, unencrypted, 4-CPU mask (control) | 79,100 → 70,600 |
48.0 → 48.4 | 6,088 → 6,090 | – | – |

Isolated costs per call (one pinned core, 224-byte chunk, variants
alternating in one process):

| Operation | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| AES-256-CBC encrypt | 778 ns, 128 B (one-shot) | 329 ns, 24 B (cached
transform) |
| AES-256-CBC decrypt | 682 ns, 128 B | 239 ns, 24 B |
| AES-256-GCM seal | 1,022 ns, 72 B (new `AesGcm`) | 260 ns, 0 B
(cached) |
| HMAC-SHA256 | 306 ns (per-token instance, unchanged) | – |

For comparison, `HMACSHA256.TryHashData` costs 458 ns and
`IncrementalHash` 318 ns.

**E1 does not close the 20–50 µs encrypted gap, and no crypto change
could.** Pinned to four CPUs, encryption costs master only about 3–4 µs
per request (51.8 vs 48.0 µs). The extra cost at 24 cores comes from
threads spinning on locks while signing and encryption run inside the
channel gate (roadmap A1).

The ~7 µs of HMAC in the report's profile is a thread-time artefact.
`HashProviderCng.AppendHashData` shows 40× more samples on the sign
side, inside the gate, than on the verify side for the same chunk sizes.
Threads are preempted there while spinners hold the CPUs.

### 5b: FairRequestQueue (unencrypted, E1 has no effect here)

| Scenario | req/s | Server CPU µs/req | Server alloc B/req | Contention
events/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| o6read 10×100, 24 cores | 149,000 → 150,200 | 110.8 [106–117] → 99.6
[96–109] (**−10 %**) | 6,404 → 6,367 | 4,533 → 2,125 |
| o6read 10×1000, 24 cores | 152,200 → 161,200 | 106.7 → 96.3 (**−10
%**) | 6,421 → 6,358 | 4,131 → 1,921 |
| read --nodes 1 --sessions 200, 24 cores | 126,100 → 141,200 (+12 %) |
53.6 → 51.1 (−5 %) | 5,353 → 5,294 | 4,078 → 455 (**−89 %**) |
| o6read 10×100, 4-CPU mask | 85,600 → 83,900 | 45.7 [44.1–47.8] → 46.8
[44.4–48.9] (noise) | 6,089 → 6,060 | 281 → 176 |

Traces of o6read 10×100 at 24 cores, one run per side:
- **Lock spinning.** In the sampled CPU profile, frames above
`Lock.TryEnterSlow` in the fair queue fell from **16.6 % of on-CPU
samples** (`TryEnqueue` 5.8, `TrySelect` 5.8, `TryDequeue` 4.9) **to
none**.
- **Contention events in the window:** 15,331 → 5,879.
- **What remains of the queue:**
- the wake channel in `DequeueAsync`: idle workers parked on the
coalesced signal, 1.3 % of on-CPU samples, kept unchanged;
- `SessionManager.TryGetSessionContext`'s server-wide `m_bindingsLock`,
which every request takes at admission and again at dispatch. It is now
the largest spin point (~26 % of `Lock.TryEnterSlow` samples) and is a
separate follow-up. The channel gate (A1) is another ~17 %.

In the o6 configuration all ten sessions map to **one** owner, so
per-owner locks would not have helped. An intermediate version with a
lock per owner FIFO left 12.8 % of the samples on those locks. That is
why the FIFO itself is lock-free.

## Changes

### Symmetric cipher cache (E1)
- `SymmetricCipherCache` replaces `AesCache`; a `ChannelToken` keeps one
per direction (`ServerCiphers`, `ClientCiphers`). Per slot it retains:
  - a CBC encryptor keyed with the token's key and IV;
  - a CBC decryptor keyed the same way;
  - the AES-GCM or ChaCha20-Poly1305 instance.
- **How a CBC message is processed:** the cached `ICryptoTransform`
transforms the whole message in place with `TransformBlock`. An empty
`TransformFinalBlock` (padding `None`) then rewinds the chaining state
to the IV without re-keying, on CNG, OpenSSL and .NET Framework CAPI
alike. Cached and fresh ciphertext are tested equal.
- **Concurrency and ownership:**
- A cipher is taken out of its slot while in use, so concurrent senders
never share one.
- It is matched to the key and IV by reference, and replaced if the key
material differs.
- It is disposed instead of returned after a failed transform, or once
the token has been disposed.
- **Unchanged:**
  - The uncached public `CryptoUtils` overloads keep the one-shot path.
- The order is still verify, then decrypt, then padding, so a tampered
padding byte under a valid signature is still reported as padding, after
the signature check.
  - HMAC is unchanged.

### FairRequestQueue (5b)
- **No lock in admission or dispatch.**
- Each owner has a lock-free FIFO: Michael–Scott, with the entries
themselves as the nodes, so queueing allocates nothing. The
`LinkedListNode` per request is gone.
- A request is claimed exactly once, by a compare-and-swap from
selection, cancellation or stop. Claimed entries are dropped lazily when
they reach the head.
- **Weighted round robin over a lock-free ready queue of turn tokens.**
- A turn holds one token per queued request, up to the owner's weight. A
weight of 1,000,000 therefore costs no more scheduling state than the
backlog.
- Taking a turn's last token queues the owner's next turn at once,
behind the other owners. The turn state is one 64-bit word changed by
CAS, so the service order is the token order even while workers race.
Weights 1:3 under 8 concurrent workers stay within 2.5–3.5.
- **Failed execution admission:** the head goes to a small sorted list
under the owner's gate, served before the FIFO. Its owner is not retried
before capacity changes, as before.
- **Owner FIFO retirement:** an owner FIFO is retired by an atomic CAS
of its count from 0 to a sentinel, and a retired FIFO can never be
counted again. The next request of that owner starts a new FIFO, and the
retired FIFO's leftover tokens are skipped.
- **Unchanged:**
  - The count bound is reserved with `Interlocked` before linking.
- Global FIFO mode still selects one at a time, so a blocked head cannot
be overtaken.
- Wake coalescing (#4707), parked-request decoupling and
`ServerBase.RequestQueue`'s worker growth.

## Behaviour notes
- **Cipher cache memory:** a token now keeps up to two CBC transforms
(plus their `Aes`) or one AEAD instance per direction, instead of one
`Aes`. They are released with the token.
- **Weighted ordering under concurrency:** dispatch order across owners
follows token order. Within an owner, admission order is kept, including
requests that fail execution admission and go back to the front.
- **Idle scheduling state:** cancelled requests leave stale turn tokens
in the ready queue until the next dispatch pass. They are discarded at
once when the last queued request is cancelled.
- **net48:** the BouncyCastle-backed AEAD types are cached like the
platform ones.

## Testing
- **New and extended tests:**
- `CryptoUtilsAesCacheTests`, for all CBC and AEAD policies
(Basic128Rsa15, Basic256, Basic256Sha256, Aes128_Sha256_RsaOaep,
Aes256_Sha256_RsaPss, ECC_nistP256, ECC_nistP256/P384/RSA_DH AesGcm,
ChaChaPoly):
    - cached vs fresh ciphertext for 0–300-byte bodies;
    - IV or key change;
- tampered signature, ciphertext, tag and header, each rejected with the
cache recovering;
    - bad padding under a valid signature;
    - 256 concurrent senders;
    - token disposal during a transform, and a return racing disposal.
  - `FairRequestQueueTests`:
    - turn tokens bounded by the backlog, not the weight;
    - cancellation leaves no tokens behind;
    - 1:3 weights under 8 workers;
    - no lost wakeups (4 producers, 8 waiting workers, both modes);
- cancellation racing dequeue completes or dispatches each request
exactly once and returns every lease;
    - stop while workers wait and admissions race;
    - a 50-owner, 16-worker stress run with cancellations;
- pipelined clients (1×200, 10×100, 64×1) with ample and with scarce
execution capacity.
- The last test stalls on an earlier version of this change that briefly
marked an emptying owner as retired, when the race window is widened
with an injected delay. That bug stalled o6read 10×100 every time in the
harness; a dump showed 1,000 queued requests with no turn tokens.
Without the delay the window is too narrow to hit at unit level.
- All 90 FairRequestQueue tests pass 30/30 repeated runs on net10.0 and
5/5 on net48.
- **Suites,** net10.0, after rebasing on 8b360da7d (#4748):

  | Suite | Passed | Failed | Skipped |
  |---|---|---|---|
  | Opc.Ua.Core.Tests | 6,357 | 0 | 88 |
  | Opc.Ua.Server.Tests | 8,483 | 0 | 5 |
| Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests (all secure-channel policies) | 851 | 0 | 379 |
  | Opc.Ua.Stress.Tests Contract + Integration | 45 | 0 | 0 |
| Opc.Ua.Interop.Tests (1.5.378 peer, SignAndEncrypt Basic256Sha256,
Aes256_Sha256_RsaPss, ECC_nistP256) | 218 | 0 | 29 (AEAD policies the
1.5.378 peer does not offer) |
- **net48:** Opc.Ua.Core.Tests builds, and CryptoUtilsAesCacheTests plus
FairRequestQueueTests pass. `dotnet format whitespace` is clean.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13 06:28:12 +02:00
romanett 63adef0d10 Fix the Sessions LoadTest fixture and the server bottlenecks it exposed (#4749)
The `[Explicit]` Sessions `LoadTest` fixture has not started since #4541
(also on the 2.0.0 tag): it set `MaxChannelCount = MaxSessionCount =
10100`, and resource isolation refuses to start unless the channel cap
covers the sessions plus the bootstrap and reconnect floors plus one.
Every LoadTest case failed in `OneTimeSetUp`. Running the fixture again,
and profiling it and the `perf/ServerLoadHarness`, found several
bottlenecks that shipped in 2.0.

## Changes

**Test**
- `MaxChannelCount = MaxSessionCount + 3`, the same margin as the
framework defaults (100 / 103).
- Notifications are counted with per-node `Interlocked` counters. The
shared `ConcurrentDictionary<NodeId, int>`, updated by 750
subscriptions, took 13 % of the process CPU in bucket-lock contention.
- After the writer stops, and after the last event, the tests wait until
the received count stops growing instead of a fixed delay, and log the
drain time.

**Server / client**
- **Detached monitored item recovery** (#4094): every node a NodeManager
added (`AddPredefinedNodeAsync`, recursively for children) scanned every
monitored item of every subscription for detached items.
`CreateSubscription` adds ~30 diagnostics nodes, so with 450k monitored
items subscription creation was quadratic: 69 % of CPU, and
`CreateSubscription` timed out. `MonitoredItem` now keeps an exact
process-wide count of live detached or deleted items, and
`MasterNodeManager` skips recovery while it is zero. All flag changes go
through one helper under the item lock; a disposed item does not count,
because it cannot be attached again.
- **Client channel gate** (#4232):
`UaSCUaBinaryClientChannel.SendRequestAsync` entered the gate with a
blocking `Gate.Enter()` inside an async method, and `SemaphoreSlim.Wait`
spun for 19 % of CPU with many requests in flight on one channel. It now
awaits `Gate.EnterAsync(ct)`, like the server side.
- **ResourceManager**
- Status code and symbolic id translation looked up their maps under the
manager lock and translated while holding it. Sessions that request
diagnostics do this for every notification: 83 % of lock contention. The
maps are copy-on-write and read without the lock.
- Translation tables were `SortedDictionary<string, string>` with the
default, culture-sensitive comparer: up to 1 µs per Browse display name,
22 % of Browse server CPU. They now use an ordinal `Dictionary`.
- **Namespace default permissions**: every permission check read
`DefaultAccessRestrictions` / `DefaultRolePermissions` /
`DefaultUserRolePermissions` of the node's namespace through two
server-wide locks and deep-copied the role permission array, per node.
That was 99 % of lock contention for Read/Write of 100 values. The
values are now read once per namespace per service request and
remembered on the `OperationContext`. Contexts that are not a service
request (monitored item and session contexts, which can live long)
remember nothing, so a changed default applies to them at once.

## Results

`perf/ServerLoadHarness`, paired A/B against `master` (3 alternating
rounds, medians, 20 sessions, 24 cores). The harness numbers predate the
recovery, client gate and status code translation commits, which those
scenarios do not exercise:

| Scenario | Throughput | Server CPU / op | Server alloc / op | Lock
contention |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Read, 100 values | +19 % | −28 % | −18 % | −96 % |
| Read, 100 values, SignAndEncrypt | +27 % | −26 % | −18 % | −98 % |
| Write, 100 values | noise ¹ | −19 % | −17 % | −88 % |
| Browse (Server object) | +3 % | −16 % | −10 % | −2 % ² |
| Read, 1 value | +12 % | −4 % | ±0 | ±0 |

¹ Throughput varied run to run on the shared machine; per-op CPU and
allocation are the reliable signal.
² Browse contention is the Server node's browse lock in
`NodeState.CreateBrowser` (all sessions browse the same node); not
changed here.

`LoadTest` (opc.tcp, Release, in-process client and server):

| Case | master | this PR |
|---|---|---|
| `ServerReadLoadTestAsync` | setup failure | passes (50M value reads, 0
errors) |
| `ServerManySessionsLoadTestAsync(500)` | setup failure | passes |
| `ServerSubscribeLoadTest_Classic` | setup failure; on 2026-09-26
(before #4541): `CreateSubscription` `BadRequestTimeout` | 76–85 %
received, **fails** (needs 99 %) |
| `ServerSubscribeLoadTest_ManagedSessionV2` | setup failure;
2026-09-26: 1,885 notifications received | 35–45 M notifications, 77–85
% received, **fails** |
| `ServerEventSubscribeLoadTestAsync` | setup failure; 2026-09-26: 34.6
% | passes: 100 % delivered, drained ~40 s after the last event |

The subscribe cases now lose notifications rather than deliver them
late: delivery stops ~2 s after the last write. Every monitored item has
queue size 1 and the writer is not paced by delivery, so whatever
exceeds the publish rate (~585k notifications/s here, SignAndEncrypt
with the client in the same process) is overwritten.

The event test lost nothing either: it waited a fixed 2 s after the last
event and counted the backlog as lost. It now waits until delivery
stops. Its throughput is bound by garbage collection: the event consumer
of the Server node spends ~90 % of its wall time suspended for
workstation GCs of the shared test process. With `DOTNET_gcServer=1` it
generates 702 instead of ~210 events/s and drains in 7 s instead of ~40
s, and the subscribe cases reach 87 % (Classic) and 93 %
(ManagedSessionV2) at 78–106 M notifications.

## Testing
- `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` 8468 passed / 5 skipped, `Opc.Ua.Client.Tests`
2788 passed, `Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` 851 passed / 379 skipped,
`Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` Tcp/Channel 797 passed (net10.0).
- New `OperationContextDefaultPermissionsCacheTests`.
- `Opc.Ua.Server` builds for net48; `dotnet format whitespace` clean.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-13 06:26:29 +02:00
Marc Schier 7c965fd636 Capture metadata images and generation-bound session clients (#4752)
# Description

- Add isolated NodeState reference images, TypeTable graph snapshots,
EncodeableFactory registration forks/views, StringTable mutation
versions/private copies, and ServiceMessageContext mapping-holder
generation tracking. Reference images are lazy for empty nodes;
selected-image clones own independent storage and publication ownership.
- Add the complete generic NodeBrowser continuation-dependency
capability. This does not implement server browse-history retention,
NodeManager read images, or server batch/readiness admission.
- Add optional client binding capture for SessionClient, native Session
and ManagedSession, with managed-lease/native-channel generation
composition. Bindings capture authenticated-session identity, mapping
holders/versions and owned endpoint/policy/configuration observations.
Replacement, reconnect, mapping ABA and disposal permanently invalidate
stale bindings; disposing a binding does not dispose its owner.
- Preserve cancellation and master pooled-response ownership: a rejected
pooled response is released exactly once; an accepted response remains
caller-owned. Keep native transport submission under its replacement
gate and completion outside the gate, without routing ordinary unbound
requests through binding machinery.
- Rename the existing server lookup interface and all actual consumers
with minimal hunks; add focused fixtures, generated FileTypeClient usage
guidance, and package/transport documentation.

**Breaking preview type identity:** the existing 2.0-preview server
lookup `Opc.Ua.ISessionBindingProvider` becomes
`Opc.Ua.IServerSessionBindingProvider`. Server lookup consumers must
update their referenced type and rebuild. This is neither
source-compatible nor binary-additive for that preview type. The new
client capability is optional and adds no mandatory members to existing
ISession/ISessionClient/ITransportChannel contracts. This
preview-to-preview rename is documented in SessionBindings/Transports,
not in the 1.5-to-2.0 MigrationGuide.

**Ownership boundary:** no RequestLifetime changes,
certificate-manager/channel-entry adoption, BaseVariableState changes,
Method-result feature extraction, NodeManager batch/readiness or
browse-history retention, session restoration, registry federation, WoT
conversion, or WoT runtime/planners/events.
DependencyInjection/ResourceIsolation/index changes are lookup/link
closure only. SessionManager's PR hunk changes only its implemented
lookup-interface name; newer master public diagnostic masking is not
replaced.

## Related Issues

_Reference all GitHub issues this PR addresses. If there is no issue
yet, open one and link it here._

_If this is a relatively large or complex change, a design must have
been discussed in the related tracking issue and signed off (which
becomes the Architectural Decision Record (ADR))._

- Part of #4511: user-approved combined groups 5+6 Wave A extraction.
This PR does not close the umbrella or publish Wave B.

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

### Review qualification

Review fixes are published at
**`6b0eb1d5c32a439300fbcaff974b9af8b909161b`**, changing eight
already-owned files. All five received review threads were replied to
and resolved after verification. Factory selector installation and
target-selection-plus-commit share the root publication gate, with
consistent root→image release/capture ordering. TypeTable selector
installation and final mutation routing share its existing gate. Native
bound channel validity uses volatile observations; the two owned XML
defects are corrected.

| Requirement | Evidence |
|---|---|
| Selector installation must not hide TypeTable mutations |
`SelectorInstalledDuringNodePreparationReceivesMutation`: old Add
routing failed on both TFMs; corrected routing passes on both within
**148/148** factory/TypeTable controls |
| Selector installation must not race factory commit routing | Static
common-root-gate/order proof plus baseline-GREEN
`BuilderCapturedBeforeOwnershipUsesSelectedFactory`,
`ViewOwnerReleasePreservesRegistrationsAndAllowsReuse`,
`ViewOwnerReleaseCanRetryAfterPendingPublication`,
`PublicationProtectsPendingAndRetiredFactoryImages` |
| Lock-free validity must observe owner transitions | Static
volatile-read reasoning plus native
`BoundRequestCannotDispatchWhileNativeReplacementIsPendingAsync`,
`BoundResponseRejectsInvalidationAfterNativeDispatchAsync`,
`BoundClientCannotRetryAcrossFaultedManagedEntryReplacementAsync`:
**12/12 each TFM**; Core binding/pooled ownership controls **17/17 each
TFM** |
| Correct owned XML documentation | “an unmanaged” and one multiline
`ReferenceUpdate.Next` summary; scoped whitespace/INFO and build
evidence below |

Factory controls are **not** claimed as a deterministic factory RED, and
public transport controls are **not** claimed as a deterministic
weak-memory RED. No private-lock reflection, artificial production seam,
or source-name assertion was added. The TypeTable RED uses the real
`ILocalNode.NodeClass` callback during node preparation, and both
expected RED receipts/TRX were retained.

All accepted review runs use the unchanged admitted SDK wrapper, normal
project references, sole mutex, one node/no shared compiler, finite
resource guards and canonical short-C build outputs. Source hashes were
frozen per command and matched the committed bytes afterward. SDK
ownership was released **before** commit/push/review replies. No
automatic merge was requested.

Scoped whitespace passed across the four affected projects. Review INFO
classification is **0 owned findings / 13 untouched baseline findings
excluded** (whole-file formatter exits 1,1,0,0); no baseline
RCS1140/RCS0055 expansion or suppression. The final normal net10 public
Client/Core/Types trim/AOT-analyzer closure passed **0 warnings / 0
errors**. This is not a NativeAOT publish/run.

<details>
<summary>Accepted review command payloads and results</summary>

These exact argument payloads were executed through the unchanged
guarded SDK wrapper. `$proof` expands to the protected results-directory
below. Successful explicit builds of the same source preceded the
`--no-build` runs.

```powershell
$proof = 'C:\Users\mschier\.copilot\session-state\a3b74048-c52f-4c87-8773-7a46c9ab0087\files\qualification-review-4752'

# Exit 0: 148 passed, 0 failed
dotnet test tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests.csproj -f net48 -p:CustomTestTarget=net48 -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true -p:ArtifactsPath=C:\cp56-a3b7-v2 -nr:false --no-restore --verbosity minimal --filter "FullyQualifiedName~EncodeableFactorySnapshotTests|FullyQualifiedName~TypeTableTests" --logger "trx;LogFileName=review-types-green-net48.trx" --results-directory $proof

# Exit 0: 148 passed, 0 failed
dotnet test tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests.csproj -f net10.0 --no-restore --no-build --filter "FullyQualifiedName~EncodeableFactorySnapshotTests|FullyQualifiedName~TypeTableTests" --logger "trx;LogFileName=review-types-green-net10.trx" --results-directory $proof -p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true -p:ArtifactsPath=C:\cp56-a3b7-v2 -nr:false --verbosity minimal

# The following two per-TFM payloads each exited 0:
# Core: 17/17 net48 and 17/17 net10.0; Client: 12/12 net48 and 12/12 net10.0
foreach ($tfm in @('net48', 'net10.0')) {
    dotnet test tests\Opc.Ua.Core.Tests\Opc.Ua.Core.Tests.csproj -f $tfm --no-restore --no-build --filter "FullyQualifiedName~SessionBindingResponseTests|FullyQualifiedName~SessionBindingContextTests" --logger "trx;LogFileName=review-actual-core-green-$tfm.trx" --results-directory $proof -p:CustomTestTarget=$tfm -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true -p:ArtifactsPath=C:\cp56-a3b7-v2 -nr:false --verbosity minimal
    dotnet test tests\Opc.Ua.Client.Tests\Opc.Ua.Client.Tests.csproj -f $tfm --no-restore --no-build --filter "FullyQualifiedName~BoundRequestCannotDispatchWhileNativeReplacementIsPendingAsync|FullyQualifiedName~BoundResponseRejectsInvalidationAfterNativeDispatchAsync|FullyQualifiedName~BoundClientCannotRetryAcrossFaultedManagedEntryReplacementAsync" --logger "trx;LogFileName=review-actual-client-green-$tfm.trx" --results-directory $proof -p:CustomTestTarget=$tfm -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true -p:ArtifactsPath=C:\cp56-a3b7-v2 -nr:false --verbosity minimal
}

# Exit 0: 0 warnings, 0 errors
dotnet build src\Opc.Ua.Client\Opc.Ua.Client.csproj -f net10.0 -p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true -p:ArtifactsPath=C:\cp56-a3b7-v2 -nr:false --no-restore --verbosity minimal
```

The six expanded GREEN commands, exact results/TRX hashes and two
expected RED commands are retained in
`qualification-review-4752\qualification-summary.json`, SHA256
`C5E71A4D8D37BAC8803F6DF38B6BCE2B70F3D0AFD5DEC8493FAE9DB440DCFB5A`.
Committed/qualified byte identity is in `publication-identity.json`,
SHA256
`CD9515FE96703F8B241F2B7B9B71F73EF0FF2626C2C8BCCE40307971A8F8E809`.
Per-command raw exits, guards, hashes and reports are retained outside
disposable build roots.

For each record in the protected `format-inputs.json` (Types/Core/Client
libraries and Types.Tests), the recorded Project/Include values expand
these exact payloads:

```powershell
# Workspace properties recorded with the formatter receipts:
$env:CustomTestTarget = 'net10.0'
$env:UseArtifactsOutput = 'true'
$env:ArtifactsPath = 'C:\cp56-a3b7-v2'

# All four exit 0
dotnet format whitespace $Project --no-restore --verify-no-changes --verbosity minimal --include $Include

# Exits 1,1,0,0 due only to untouched baseline findings; owned=0, baseline=13
dotnet format $Project --no-restore --severity info --verify-no-changes --verbosity minimal --report "$proof\formats\review-info-$i" --include $Include
```

Initial fresh matrix evidence remains separately identified and
unchanged: Types274/Core119/Client151/server137 net10;
Types274/Core119/Client151/server135 net48, all passing. Qualification
base remains `0dff94bd378e79b8cf1a47e1aaf340f9b4b40048`; the initial
published head was `9fee4583`. All 16 initial exact command
arrays/results/TRX hashes remain in protected
`qualification-v2\qualification-summary.json`, SHA256
`88E10240C20049B59A3401BE007C6528A85DF2F3DCFAF9D11D908CEF2946DA4E`.

Failures/incidents remain retained rather than relabeled as success:
original disappeared-root historical counts are invalidated; the
large-TRX controller DOM-parser failure is preserved separately from
accepted streaming receipts; the review argument-array
defect/default-D-output controls are preserved but excluded from
canonical review qualification. Correctly separated argument rechecks
produced the accepted short-C Core/Client receipts. The sole SDK wrapper
was not changed.

Full UA.slnx, measured coverage increase, CLA verification, NativeAOT
publication and current-head/master CI/CodeQL remain unclaimed. Actual
merge—not resolved review threads—unlocks Wave B.

</details>
2026-10-13 06:25:43 +02:00
Marc Schier 84d6387a4f Make request cancellation own exactly one terminal state (#4744)
# Description

`RequestLifetime` now publishes the winning cancellation status and
terminal ownership in a single atomic state, so concurrent client
Cancel, Session close and timeout can never overwrite each other's
status or double-own the terminal transition. External token
registrations are owned by the lifetime and released on completion, and
disposal is deferred until running cancellation callbacks have finished
(no use-after-dispose of the CancellationTokenSource).

Adds regression tests: 16384-iteration race tests asserting
status/owner/callback outcomes with a finite 2 min watchdog
(`RequestLifetimeTests`, `RequestManagerTests`) and `WaitAsync`
cancellation tests (`TaskWaitAsyncTests`; the polyfill change is only 2
XML doc lines, no runtime change).

Files: `RequestLifetime.cs`, `System.Threading.Tasks.cs` (docs), and the
three test files. `StandardServer.cs` is intentionally untouched
(already on master).

## Related Issues

- None.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Validation actually run (net10.0 and net48, all passed): Types.Tests
`TaskWaitAsync` 23/23; Core.Tests `RequestLifetime` 16/16; Server.Tests
`RequestManager` 56/56; `dotnet format whitespace --verify-no-changes`
on owned files. Full UA.slnx not run.
2026-10-12 18:14:15 +00:00
Marc Schier 184f19a2b0 Add complete method invocation results and resolved diagnostics (#4747)
# Description

`MethodInvocationResult` carries the operation result,
declaration-ordered outputs and optional position-preserving input
results. Asynchronous callbacks retain the actual receiver, cancellation
token and resolved diagnostic strings. Fluent predefined, typed,
instance, reference-child, resolved and virtual method builders reject
conflicting handlers in either registration order and never overwrite
materialized handlers. Direct configuration remains available.

Shared Call-result assembly retains input diagnostics, including useful
text on Good input positions, and requested operation diagnostics on
Good results. Diagnostic encoding preserves nested Good-status text,
status information bits and the outer-inclusive depth limit. Request
admission clears client-supplied internal diagnostic permission flags
before early returns or validation failures; admitted sessions grant the
flag only after the existing administrator-role checks.

Includes corresponding unit/integration regressions, complete XML API
documentation, and method-result guidance consolidated with the fluent
APIs in `docs/NodeManagers.md`. No WoT
receiver/projection/remote-execution, event-readiness/native-admission,
or bulk/history implementation is included.

## Related Issues

Part of the user-approved two-wave extraction plan tracked by #4511.

_If this is a relatively large or complex change, a design must have
been discussed in the related tracking issue and signed off (which
becomes the Architectural Decision Record (ADR))._

- Related to #4511.

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.
2026-10-12 18:26:04 +02:00
romanett 8b360da7d2 Server publish path: no deep clone per Publish, pooled notifications that are actually reused, ready list instead of an O(N) scan (#4748)
Roadmap item A5 of the o6 benchmark gap analysis. Every Publish response
deep-cloned its NotificationMessage in `SentMessageQueue` (PR #4707 kept
the clone because a retained message returns its pooled payload when the
client acknowledges it, which can happen before the response was sent).
This PR replaces the clone with a send-completion lease, makes the
activator pool that recycles the notifications O(1) and sizes it for the
server's load, builds messages without intermediate copies (the
notification array is rented), and lets monitored items tell their
subscription when they have something to report so the publish timer no
longer walks every item.

## Results

Paired A/B against master `0dff94bd3` (includes #4742 and #4743;
alternating builds, 3 rounds, medians; 20 sessions unless noted,
workstation GC, 24-core machine shared with other sessions). Server =
the reference server child process.

| Scenario | Server alloc / op | Server GC pause | Server CPU / op |
Write→notify p50 / p99 | Throughput |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `sub`, 5 subs × 100 items, pub 100 ms | **−57 %** (373 → 159 B) |
**−57 %** | −7 % ¹ | −1 % / −2 % | +1 % ² |
| `sub`, 5 subs × 100 items, pub 10 ms | **−57 %** (375 → 163 B) | **−52
%** | +9 % ¹ | −22 % / +1 % | ±0 ² |
| `sub`, pub 100 ms, SignAndEncrypt | **−57 %** (380 → 163 B) | **−53
%** | +4 % ¹ | −11 % / **−12 %** | ±0 ² |
| `sub`, 2 sessions × 1 sub × 1000 items, 20 changing, pub 50 ms (9
rounds) | −2 % ³ | ±0 | −23 % ³ | ±0 / −2 % | ±0 |
| `counters`, 4000 items, 10 ms sampling, pub 1 s (per notification) |
−2 % | −6 % | −6 % | – | ±0 |
| `o6counters`, 2048 items (per sample) | −3 % ⁴ (111 → 108 B) | −5 % |
−7 % | – | ±0, all PASS |
| `o6counters`, 4096 items (per sample) | −3 % ⁴ | +14 % ⁵ | −6 % | – |
±0, all PASS |

¹ CPU per notification varies by ±15 % between rounds on this machine;
in an earlier 8-round batch against `071660354` the same scenarios
measured −14 % / −1 %. Read it as "no regression". Client CPU per
notification moved −18 %…0 %, within its spread.
² Bounded by the writer rate.
³ The server is nearly idle (0.05–0.12 cores, 360 notifications/s; its
allocation is the writer and keep-alives). The first 3 rounds measured
+31 % CPU, 6 more rounds −23 % (medians 969 → 742 ms per window):
noise-bound, no regression.
⁴ With #4743's sampling permission cache a sample costs 111 B; one
Publish per second carries 2048/4096 notifications.
⁵ The activator pools no longer allocate their 1023-slot arrays up
front; the heap is a few MB smaller, which shifts the GC's generation
budgets so that some low-allocation runs make every collection gen1 (26
of 26 instead of 2). Pause totals differ by milliseconds per 10 s window
(37 → 42 ms here, 21 → 20 ms at 2048 items). Allocating the arrays
eagerly restored master's gen1 counts in a separate test.

In a single CPU trace of `sub` at pub 10 ms, recycling acknowledged
payloads (pool `Return`) went from 16 % of server on-CPU time (master,
the full pool scanned per return) to 5 %.

## Changes

- **Send completion instead of a deep clone**
(`NotificationMessageLease`, `LeasedPublishResponse`,
`SentMessageQueue`): the retransmission queue and every Publish response
that carries a message each own a reference. The transports already call
`IPooledEncodeable.Reuse()` on a response once it is encoded or dropped;
the Publish response is now a `LeasedPublishResponse` whose `Reuse()`
releases its reference. The pooled payload (`NotificationMessage`,
`DataChangeNotification`/`EventNotificationList`,
`MonitoredItemNotification`/`EventFieldList`) is recycled when the last
owner releases it, so an acknowledgement that overtakes the send no
longer recycles a payload that is still being encoded, and the queue and
the response share one message. A reference that is never released only
leaves the payload to the GC; every owner releases at most once.
Keep-alive messages are owned by their response alone. Republish, the
durable snapshot and the retransmission mirror still copy.
- **Transports**: the HTTPS (binary and JSON), WebSocket (UA-SC, JSON,
OpenAPI) and Kestrel TCP listeners and the WebAPI endpoint dispatcher
now release responses after encoding, as the TCP listener does, so
leased payloads are recycled there too. A response retained for a
reconnect is released when it is sent; a send that throws leaves the
response to the GC.
- **Activator pool** (`BoundedObjectPool`): rent and return scanned the
1023 slots linearly; with the pool full every returned notification
scanned all of them before being dropped (16 % of server CPU at 94k
notifications/s). It is now a `ConcurrentQueue` behind the lock-free
first slot with an `Interlocked` bound (a locked stack spun under
contention when transport threads return whole messages). The queue is
created on first use, so activators of types that are never recycled no
longer allocate a 1023-slot array each. The client decoder rents through
the same pool.
- **Pool bound** (`PooledEncodeableType<T>.EnsureMaximumRetained`,
internal): the bound can be raised, never lowered. The subscriptions
raise the `MonitoredItemNotification` and `EventFieldList` pools to
twice the number of monitored items in the process (a notification is
recycled about two publishing cycles after it was built), between the
default 1024 and 65536. At the cap the retained notifications take about
5 MB; the bound stays raised after items are deleted.
- **Message construction**
(`Subscription.InnerPublish`/`ConstructMessage`,
`MonitoredItem.Publish`): the per-Publish `Queue<>`/`List<>` objects are
reused by the subscription; messages are built at their final size (no
`List`→`ArrayOf` copy, no `AddItem` reallocation); the
`MonitoredItemNotification[]` of a message is rented from `ArrayPool`
and the message carries an exact-length slice of it; the lease returns
the array (cleared) with the payload, and messages dropped on queue
overflow return theirs at once; only arrays the subscription rented are
tracked, so restored, mirrored and copied messages never reach the array
pool; the `DiagnosticInfo` list is only allocated when a notification
has one; timestamps are stripped on the struct before the pooled
notification is filled.
- **Ready list** (`IReadySignalingMonitoredItem`,
`Subscription.PromoteReadyMonitoredItems`): `MonitoredItem` acquires a
ready signal (compare-exchange, a full fence after its flags are set)
when it queues a value or event or a resend is requested, and hands
itself to the subscription's intake list. The publish timer checks only
these candidates instead of every item under the subscription lock. An
item stays a candidate while it has something pending that can become
reportable without a new value (sampling deadline, aggregate interval,
samples of a SAMPLING item, trigger flag); after releasing the signal
the subscription checks again, so a value queued concurrently is never
missed. Created, restored, modified, monitoring-mode and triggering
changes mark candidates, as does an item that leaves the publish list
with something pending.

### Behaviour notes (custom subscription or monitored-item extensions)
- **Publish responses share the retained message.**
`PublishResponse.NotificationMessage` returned by
`SubscriptionManager.PublishAsync` is the retained message itself, not a
copy, and its payload objects return to the activator pools after the
response was sent and acknowledged. Code that keeps or modifies the
message of a Publish response (for example in a
`StandardServer.PublishAsync` override or a request interceptor) must
copy it first (`CoreUtils.Clone`). `Republish` still returns a copy.
- **Custom transports**: a transport that does not call `Reuse()` on
responses keeps working; the payload is then collected by the GC instead
of being pooled.
- **Custom `IMonitoredItem` implementations** (not derived from
`MonitoredItem`) cannot signal readiness: a subscription that contains
one scans all its items on every publishing cycle, as before.
`MonitoredItem` subclasses signal through the base class.
- **`DataChangeNotification.MonitoredItems` of a published message is a
slice of a pooled array**: read it through `ArrayOf<T>` (`Span`,
indexer, `Count`); code that unwraps the underlying array would see a
longer array.
- **Order within a message**: notifications of different monitored items
appear in the order the items became ready rather than in the internal
list order. OPC UA does not define an order across items; the order of
the values of one item is unchanged.

## Harness (`perf/`)
- `--write-nodes K` for `sub`: the writer changes only the first K
monitored nodes, for large subscriptions in which few items change.
- `server-scenarios.txt`: publish-path scenarios (`--pub 10`, 1000 items
per subscription with 20 changing).

## Testing
- New `NotificationEncodingLifetimeRegressionTests` cases: an
acknowledgement before send completion does not recycle the payload
still being encoded (the send completion does); Republish after the send
completed returns the original content and stays independent of the
recycled original; a failed send that releases the response twice, plus
a copy of the response, recycles the payload exactly once and only after
the queue released it; a keep-alive is owned by its response; the rented
notification array stays intact until both acknowledgement and send
completion (either order), the message encodes only its slice, and queue
overflow returns the arrays of dropped messages. The existing 30-case
matrix (publish / queued / republish / mirrors × acknowledge / evict /
clear × data / events) now asserts that a shared payload survives every
queue mutation until its response is released.
- New `ReadyListRegressionTests`: the same scenarios on a subscription
that uses the ready list and on one that scans (it also has an item that
cannot signal) must publish the same notifications, for triggering
(sampling items, backlog of the triggering item), monitoring-mode
changes (Sampling↔Reporting, Disabled, disabled before publish),
disabled publishing with keep-alives and ResendData, a value queued
while the item was in the publish list, and the backlog of an item that
left Reporting while in the publish list. Mutation check: removing the
item's signal fails 5 of 6, removing the subscription-side marks fails
the backlog case. Plus: a published item without pending values is not
tracked; creating 1200 items raises the notification pool bounds to at
least 2400.
- `PooledEncodeableTypeTests`: the raised bound is respected and never
lowered.
- net10.0 on the rebased branch: Server 8481 passed (5 skipped);
Sessions 851 (379 skipped); Client 2788; Subscriptions.Classic 57;
Subscriptions.Durable 36 (11 skipped); Redundancy.Server 884,
Redundancy.Client 134, Redundancy.Samples 17; Stress
Contract+Integration 45; Subscriptions 657 (6 skipped); Types pool tests
165. All 0 failed.
- net48 build of `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` and `Opc.Ua.Bindings.Https` and
`Opc.Ua.Types.Tests` clean; `dotnet format whitespace` clean.
## Not changed (follow-ups)
- Republish still copies the message (`ISubscriptionManager.Republish`
returns a `NotificationMessage`, so the response cannot carry a lease
without an API change).
- `EventFieldList[]` per event message could be rented like the data
change array.
- Sampling remains the larger share of allocation and CPU in the
`counters`/`o6counters` scenarios.
🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-12 15:00:05 +02:00
Marc Schier 39dd5632e3 Fix cache invalidation after accepted async indexed writes (#4746)
# Description

After the full async write hook accepts an indexed update, merge the
slice into the whole cached value when possible. If the cache is missing
or stale and cannot absorb the slice, clear the cached value, set its
status to `BadWaitingForInitialData`, and reset its timestamp to
`DateTimeUtc.MinValue`. Preserve the handler's successful operation
result, including `GoodClamped`, and report a value change. Never expose
the replacement slice or stale data as the whole successfully updated
cache. Synchronous fallback and simple-hook behavior are unchanged.

The existing fixture remains intact, with its unusable-cache
expectations updated for this intentional behavior correction. Fourteen
additional cases cover successful merges, missing/stale cache
invalidation, Good/GoodClamped operation results independently of cached
status, handler rejection, type/rank validation, node/user access, and
unsupported status/source/server timestamps. XML documentation explains
the cache-versus-operation contract. Scoped analyzer cleanup uses
asynchronous fixture helpers without removing the cancellation,
lock-release, access, type, status, timestamp, or change-mask oracles.

**Validation:** final head `aaf78b8df1bed46fb14033f3f3c9f52945469000`
passed 32/32 cases on actual net10.0 and 32/32 on actual .NET Framework
4.8, with zero failures or skips. Both owned fixtures and the owned
production file passed formatting/analyzer verification at info
severity. The normal-reference .NET Standard 2.0 Types build passed with
zero warnings/errors. The full `UA.slnx` suite and numerical coverage
collection were not run locally; no full-suite or coverage-percentage
claim is made.

## Related Issues

Related to
[#4511](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/pull/4511), the
approved Wave A extraction plan. This standalone master PR does not
close the tracking PR or imply completion of the remaining extraction
groups.

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.
2026-10-12 14:29:43 +02:00
Marc Schier 4fd4535362 Fix managed-channel certificate ownership on early create failure (#4745)
# Description

`CreateChannelAsync` now releases transferred certificate/chain handles
when disposal or argument validation fails before transport creation.
Managed entries use the existing inherited channel-creation method
directly and share entry-retained, idempotently disposed handles with
the transport, without adding another reference for non-adopting
transports. The ownership contract is documented on the existing method;
no internal redeclaration or forwarding implementation is needed. New
and changed ownership APIs have multiline XML summaries and parameter
documentation.

Fourteen regression cases use generated certificates persisted in an
isolated directory store and resolved through the real
`CertificateManager.CertificateProvider`. They sign and verify SHA-256
digests to prove private-key usability through failed open/retry,
publication/rotation, forward/reverse connection, and shutdown, and
probe each certificate core's final retirement independently of global
counters. Both adopting and non-adopting transports and optional chains
are covered. Temporary stores are cleaned up.

## Related Issues

Related to #4511: user-approved independent Wave A group 2 extraction.
This PR does not close the overall tracking issue or include the other
extraction groups.

_If this is a relatively large or complex change, a design must have
been discussed in the related tracking issue and signed off (which
becomes the Architectural Decision Record (ADR))._

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Tests were added and verified as described above; the coverage checklist
remains unchecked because coverage was not measured.
2026-10-12 14:29:21 +02:00
romanett 0dff94bd37 Server quick wins from the o6 benchmark gap analysis: admission sizing, sampling permission cache, routed Read dispatch (#4743)
The o6-automation benchmark gap analysis listed several server quick
wins that need no wire or public API change. This PR implements three of
them. The 2.0 server now passes the benchmark's 10 clients × 1000
outstanding Reads test with the benchmark's own queue sizing. Its 100 Hz
sampling capacity grows about 7–10× on the same machine, and a
single-value Read allocates 8 % less.

## Results

Paired A/B against `master` (071660354): alternating builds, 3 rounds (5
for Read), medians, 24-core machine shared with other sessions.
Allocated bytes and CPU per operation are the reliable signal here.
Throughput varied up to 3× between rounds of the same build, so it is
listed only where the result is pass/fail.

| Scenario | Server alloc / op | Server CPU / op | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| o6 `sub_client`, 2048 counters, 10 ms sampling, 1 s publishing |
**2309 → 111 B / sample (−95 %)** | **3.75 → 1.14 µs / sample (−70 %)**
| PASS on both |
| Harness `counters`, 2048 items, 10 ms / 1 s | 232 → 11.2 KB /
notification (−95 %) | −74 % | GC pause 644 → 24 ms in 12 s |
| **o6 sampling capacity** (largest count with every item ≥ 99 % of
samples, doubling from 1024, then bisect) | | | **2176–2304 →
16384–22528 items** (2 searches each) |
| o6 `client`, 10 × 1000 outstanding Reads, `MaxQueuedRequestCount =
10000` | | | **master fails 3/3 (BadServerTooBusy), this PR passes 3/3**
(31–36k req/s) |
| o6 `client`, 10 × 100 outstanding Reads | 7823 → 7556 B (−3 %) | ±0 |
|
| Read, 1 value (20 sessions) | 6534 → 6020 B (**−8 %**) | −1 % | |
| Read, 100 values | −1 % | ±0 | |
| Write, 100 values | −1 % | −5 % | |

For reference, open62541 (single thread, same Windows machine and native
client) sustained 5632 items in the gap analysis.

## Changes

### 1. `MaxQueuedRequestCount` admits that many established requests
(Balanced / TrustedReservations)
- `ServerResourceIsolationOptions.CreateRuntimePlan` carved the
bootstrap, reconnect, control and trusted floors out of the configured
queue, so established sessions could queue only `N − 3`. The default
totals of the decoded-request admission stages (RequestQueue,
RequestQueueBytes, ParkedRequest) now add the floors on top; the shared
capacity equals the configured value.
- `FairRequestQueue` takes its physical bound from the provider's stage
capacity (internal `IResourceIsolationCapacitySource`), so the protected
entries stay reachable when the shared part is full.
- RequestExecution keeps its floors inside the worker limit, so an idle
worker remains for protected requests. Explicit `Stages[].Capacity`
overrides keep their meaning as absolute totals including the floors.

### 2. Sampling without a role permission check per sample
- Since #4503 every sampling cycle called `ValidateRolePermissionsAsync`
for every item. For a `CustomNodeManager2` node that built full node
metadata (13-attribute read, namespace defaults via sync-over-async,
three nested node manager operations) only to return Good: about 80 % of
the 2.3 KB per sample.
- Each sampling loop now keeps per-item state between cycles:
ReadValueIds, result buffers and the last permission verdict. A verdict
is reused while the item's Session, effective identity and node handle
are unchanged and no permission change was signalled:
- `NodeState` bumps an internal version counter when `RolePermissions`
or `UserRolePermissions` of any node change (setter or Write);
- `IConfigurationNodeManager.DefaultPermissionsChanged` (namespace
defaults);
- a new `EffectiveIdentity` instance (ActivateSession with another user,
or roles refreshed after `RoleConfigurationChanged`).
- Independently, every item is revalidated once per second, spread over
the cycles, which bounds the delay for permissions that a node manager
computes without a signal (`OnReadRolePermissions`, custom
`ValidateRolePermissionsAsync`).
- The loop reuses its item snapshot until items are added or removed,
reads all items of one owner with one context instead of a LINQ
`GroupBy` (items moved to another session by TransferSubscriptions still
use the per-owner path), marks disabled items processed instead of
rebuilding the list, and checks for a detached loop without taking the
group lock.
- `Opc.Ua.Types` grants `InternalsVisibleTo` to `Opc.Ua.Server` for the
version counter.

### 3. Read and Write call only the node managers routed for the request
- `NodeManagerServiceDispatcher.ReadAsync`/`WriteAsync` called every
node manager. Every `AsyncCustomNodeManager` (configuration,
diagnostics, core, …) then copied the system context and allocated a
dictionary and a list, even with none of the requested nodes in its
namespaces.
- Validation now collects the namespace routes of the valid operations
and the dispatcher skips node managers outside them. Every manager of a
requested namespace is still called in dispatch order, so overlapping
managers keep their precedence. A namespace without a route still calls
every node manager, which keeps `BadNodeIdUnknown` and custom routing
unchanged.
- Not done: reusing the handle resolved during validation inside
`ReadAsync` needs a new node manager overload (public API), so nodes are
still resolved twice. HistoryRead and Call keep the old dispatch: Call
routes by object and method, and HistoryRead releases continuation
points per manager.

## Behaviour notes
- **`MaxQueuedRequestCount`** keeps its 1.5.x meaning again: established
sessions can have that many decoded requests waiting. Balanced and
TrustedReservations size the RequestQueue stage at
`MaxQueuedRequestCount + floors` (for example 10,003 for 10,000). A
deployment that relied on the smaller queue lowers
`MaxQueuedRequestCount` or sets the RequestQueue `Capacity`.
`docs/MigrationGuide.md`, `docs/ResourceIsolation.md` and
`docs/ServerScalability.md` are updated.
- **Permission changes for sampled items** still apply within one or two
sampling cycles when they come through
`NodeState.RolePermissions`/`UserRolePermissions`, namespace default
permissions, or a new effective identity. Permissions that a node
manager computes without changing those (for example
`OnReadRolePermissions` or a custom `ValidateRolePermissionsAsync`)
apply within one second instead of on the next sample.
`docs/NodeManagers.md` describes it.
- **Custom node managers** that process Reads or Writes of nodes in
namespaces they did not register receive those calls only while some
valid node of the request is in an unrouted namespace. Such a manager
registers its namespaces with `RegisterNamespaceManager` (documented in
`docs/NodeManagers.md`).

## Testing
- New unit tests:
- `RuntimeResourceIsolationTests`: plan sizing per mode, explicit
capacities, and a fair queue that admits exactly `MaxQueuedRequestCount`
requests from four owners, rejects the next and still admits bootstrap
and reconnect.
- `SamplingGroupPermissionCacheTests`: verdict reuse, revocation through
node RolePermissions in the same cycle, namespace default change,
identity change, periodic revalidation, disabled items. Each change is
injected inside the Read of a known cycle, so the tests do not depend on
timing.
- `NodeManagerDispatchRoutingTests`: non-owning managers are skipped,
several owners keep result order, an unrouted namespace still calls
everyone, two managers of one namespace keep their precedence, Write.
- net10.0: `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` 8462 passed,
`Opc.Ua.Subscriptions.Tests` 643 passed, `Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` 851
passed / 379 skipped, `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` (Stack.Server) 1858 passed,
`Opc.Ua.Stress.Tests` Contract|Integration 45 passed; 0 failures.
- net48 build of `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` clean; `dotnet format whitespace`
clean.
- Measured with `perf/ServerLoadHarness` and the o6 scenarios (`o6read`,
`o6counters`) from the gap-analysis harness, which is not part of this
PR.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-12 08:52:09 +00:00
romanett 25ebf5a4d8 Server: remove the server-wide locks from the request pipeline, bounded transport buffer pool (#4742)
# Server: remove the server-wide locks from the request pipeline,
bounded transport buffer pool

Quick wins #5 and #6 of the o6 benchmark gap analysis. Under 10 channels
× 100 outstanding single-value Reads on 24 cores, about 59 % of the
server's on-CPU time spun in `Monitor`/`Lock` slow paths, and roughly 20
of the ~30 lock acquisitions per Read were on server-wide locks in the
request pipeline. Separately, on hosts with one or two processors every
response allocated a fresh 64 KiB chunk, because
`ArrayPool<byte>.Shared` runs out with about a thousand responses in
flight.

No wire or configuration changes. The only public API change is an
additive `RequestLifetime` constructor. The admission *sizing*
(`MaxQueuedRequestCount` → shared capacity and reserved floors) is
untouched; this PR only changes how the accounting is locked.

## Results

Paired A/B against `origin/master` (f5062be34): the two harness builds
alternate per round on the same machine, the server runs Server GC, and
the table shows medians. o6read uses the o6-automation benchmark's
native open62541 client workers (10 clients × 100 in flight); the other
rows use the harness's .NET client with 20 sessions.

| Scenario | Rounds | req/s | Server CPU µs/req | Alloc B/req | p99 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| o6read 10×100, 24 cores | 4 | 199,800 → 284,800 (**+43 %**) | 65.7 →
44.5 (**−32 %**) | 7,732 → 7,833 | – |
| o6read 10×100, 4-core mask | 6 | 105,300 → 102,600 (−3 %, ranges
overlap) | 37.8 → 38.8 (noise) | 7,824 → 7,636 | – |
| o6read 10×100, 1 core (`DOTNET_PROCESSOR_COUNT=1`) | 3 | 19,750 →
41,070 (**+108 %**) | 50.1 → 24.2 (**−52 %**) | **55,345 → 7,428** | – |
| read --nodes 1 --inflight 50, 24 cores | 4 | 250,200 → 355,100 (**+42
%**) | 50.3 → 31.0 (**−38 %**) | 6,551 → 6,448 | 8.8 → 10.3 ms |
| read --nodes 1 --inflight 50, 1 core | 3 | 45,300 → 89,550 (**+98 %**)
| 224 → 130 (**−42 %**) | 6,985 → 6,748 | 29.3 → 19.6 ms |
| read --nodes 100, 24 cores | 4 | 47,940 → 48,260 (+1 %) | 336 → 324
(−4 %) | 90,520 → 90,470 | 1.42 → 1.42 ms |
| browse, 24 cores | 4/3 | 53,110 → 51,840 (−2 %) | 214 → 218 (+2 %) |
44,450 → 44,280 | 1.92 → 1.58 ms |

Contention (`--trace-profile contention`, o6read 10×100, 24 cores, one
run per side): the isolation provider, `FairRequestQueue`, the request
queue's worker gate and `RequestManager` went from **26 % of all
contention events (~42k in the window) to 1.2 % (~2k)**, at 40 % higher
throughput. What remains is `CustomNodeManager2`'s lock and the
dispatcher's permission path (separate roadmap items). In the sampled
CPU profile, `Lock.TryEnterSlow` fell from 43 % to 2.7 % of on-CPU time.

The 4-core rows are within noise: with four processors these locks were
not the bottleneck. The read `--inflight 50` p99 at 24 cores rose with
42 % more requests in flight per second; at 1 core it fell by a third.

## Changes

### Bounded transport buffer pool (#6)
- `BoundedArrayPool` (internal): power-of-two buckets in lock-free
`ConcurrentQueue`s, at most 1024 arrays and at most 64 MiB in the
largest bucket (1024 × 64 KiB for the default `MaxBufferSize`), retained
memory below 2 × 64 MiB. Arrays are retained only once returned, so a
pool grows to the peak concurrency it has seen.
- One instance per maximum array length is shared by every client and
server buffer manager of the process, so client channels do not each
keep their own arrays.
- `ArrayPoolBufferManagerBase` uses it instead of
`ArrayPool<byte>.Shared` for buffer sizes up to 1 MiB (larger sizes keep
their configurable pool). `GetExpectedBufferSize` no longer doubles for
the next bucket on .NET Framework, since the bounded pool allocates the
exact bucket when it is empty.

### Isolation provider (#5)
- No provider-wide lock on `TryAcquire`/release. Stage counters, owner
usage and protected floors are reserved with bounded compare-and-swap
loops that never pass a limit; counters already reserved are returned if
a later one is full.
- The owner table is a `ConcurrentDictionary`. An owner that already
holds a lease of the same accounting class is admitted lock-free. A
class count crosses zero only under a table lock, which keeps the
exclusive class, the protected table slots and entry removal consistent
with the leases.

### FairRequestQueue (#5)
- The selected head is unlinked when it is selected, so an admitted
dispatch takes the gate once instead of twice.
- In weighted mode several workers select at once, instead of one
selector while the others go back to wait for a wake signal.
- A head that finds execution capacity exhausted is relinked in
admission order, and its owner is not retried before capacity changes
(as before).
- Global FIFO mode keeps one selection at a time, so its blocked head
still cannot be overtaken.

### ServerBase.RequestQueue (#5)
- Fair mode no longer takes the worker gate in
`ScheduleIncomingRequest`.
- `GrowFairWorkers` pre-checks the counters and takes the gate only to
add a worker.
- Running handlers are counted with `Interlocked`; shutdown's drain is
created after the workers exit and completed by the last handler.

### One cancellation source per request
- New public constructor `RequestLifetime(TimeSpan timeout,
CancellationToken first, CancellationToken second)`. It links only the
tokens that can be cancelled (a duplicate token once) and applies the
timeout with `CancelAfter` on the same source.
`EndpointIncomingRequest.CallAsync` uses it instead of a
`CancellationToken[]`, a separate TimeoutHint source and a linked source
over three tokens. The lifetime drops from 528 B to 240 B, and a timeout
still reports `Bad_Timeout`.
- `ServerBase.RequestQueue` no longer links the transport token again
for requests that link it themselves (internal
`ILinksScheduledCancellation`, implemented by
`EndpointIncomingRequest`). Other `IEndpointIncomingRequest`
implementations keep the linked token.
- Paired against the lock changes alone (4 rounds, 24 cores): allocation
−4 % (o6read 7,823 → 7,539 B, read `--nodes 1 --inflight 50` 6,446 →
6,164 B); CPU and throughput unchanged within noise.

### RequestManager (#5)
- Executing requests and validation scopes are `ConcurrentDictionary`s;
registration and completion take no lock.
- Drains publish a count before they snapshot, and a completion takes
the lock only when a drain is registered.
- The request timer is stopped only if no deadline was registered
meanwhile.
- The validation scope's `AsyncLocal` was write-only and is removed. The
request scope skips the ambient id when the dispatch scope already
carries it: 4 fewer `ExecutionContext` allocations per request.

## Behaviour notes
- **Admission races:** two acquisitions racing for the last units of a
stage may both be rejected where a serialized order would admit one. No
limit is ever exceeded, and the usage gauge never reads above capacity.
- **Weighted-mode ordering:** concurrent selections of one owner may
dispatch in a different order when one of them fails execution admission
while the other succeeds. Blocked requests are relinked in admission
order. Global FIFO mode is unchanged.
- **Cancellation and stop:** a request cancelled, or a queue stopped,
while the request's admission runs is completed exactly once by the
selecting worker (`Bad_RequestCancelledByClient` / `Bad_ServerHalted`),
as before.
- **Session close and Cancel:** registration ends with a full fence. A
Cancel records its pending entry before it scans the registered
requests, so a request registering concurrently is either swept or sees
the mark (the same guarantee the shared lock gave).
- **`ProcessRequestAsync` overrides:** a
`ServerBase.ProcessRequestAsync` override now receives the server's stop
token for endpoint requests instead of a token that is also linked to
the transport. The request lifetime that services observe is still
cancelled by the transport, the client and the timeout hint.
- **Memory:** the transport pool can retain up to 64 MiB per bucket size
after a peak, where `ArrayPool<byte>.Shared` would have trimmed it under
memory pressure. There is no trimming yet.

## Testing
- New tests:
- `BoundedArrayPoolTests`: bucket sizing, reuse, bound under concurrent
returns, a thousand outstanding buffers, a deep pipeline through
`FastBufferManager` without allocation.
- `ConcurrentLeasesStayWithinLimitsAndAreAllReturnedAsync`: 8 threads ×
20k operations with ordinary, bootstrap and reconnect owners and a
4-entry owner table. A mutation that lets the capacity check overshoot
by one fails it with 6,700 violations.
- `FairRequestQueueTests`: concurrent selection in weighted mode and not
in FIFO mode; relink in admission order with two threads (fails if
relinked at the head); stop during grant.
- `DrainsRacingLockFreeRegistrationAndCompletionAlwaysCompleteAsync`:
200 drains against four threads registering and completing requests and
validation scopes. It times out if completions skip drains.
- Suites (net10.0): Opc.Ua.Core.Tests Stack.*, Opc.Ua.Server.Tests,
Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests, Redundancy Server/Client/Samples, Stress Contract
+ Integration:

  | Suite | Passed | Failed | Skipped |
  |---|---|---|---|
  | Opc.Ua.Core.Tests `Stack.*` | 3604 | 0 | 80 |
  | Opc.Ua.Server.Tests | 8447 | 0 | 5 |
  | Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests | 852 | 0 | 379 |
  | Opc.Ua.Redundancy.Server.Tests | 884 | 0 | 0 |
  | Opc.Ua.Redundancy.Client.Tests | 134 | 0 | 0 |
  | Opc.Ua.Redundancy.Samples.Tests | 17 | 0 | 0 |
  | Opc.Ua.Stress.Tests `Contract\|Integration` (Release) | 45 | 0 | 0 |
- `dotnet format whitespace --verify-no-changes` on the changed files;
net48 build.

Not covered: `CustomNodeManager2`'s lock and the channel gate (separate
roadmap items); admission sizing is in a parallel PR.

Remaining per-request cancellation cost: the request lifetime links the
server's stop token and the transport token in one source (240 B), so
that shutdown and a closed channel still cancel running requests.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-12 08:39:27 +00:00
Marc Schier 1bb4bdca1d Add Machine Vision Parts 1 and 2 (#4733)
# Description

Implement the released [OPC
40100-1](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-40100-1) and [OPC
40100-2](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-40100-2)
specifications with generated models, provider-backed runtimes, typed
clients, MCP workflows, and DI/Machinery integration.

- **Part 1 stays in `Opc.Ua.Vision`** and its client/server packages
alongside the distinct Perception model. Provide control/acquisition
state machines, jobs and synchronized steps,
recipe/product/configuration/result management, file transfers,
diagnostics, events, and conditions.
- **Part 2 is in `Opc.Ua.MachineVision`, `.Client`, and `.Server`.**
Provide asset categories, identification, image-handling aspects,
health/maintenance data, topology, and transactional updates. The base
Vision assemblies do not reference these optional packages; the Part 2
wire model does not depend on Part 1.
- Preserve the release-pinned model bytes, wire namespaces and NodeIds.
Perception types are in `Opc.Ua.Vision.Perception`; the AMCM generated
namespace remains `Opc.Ua.Vision.MachineVision.AMCM`, and asset
client/server extension namespaces remain `Opc.Ua.Vision.Client` and
`Opc.Ua.Vision.Server`.
- Use `AddOpcUaMachineVision` and `AddOpcUaMachineVisionAMCM` for model
loading and factory registration. Each has node-collection,
encodeable-factory-builder and node-state-factory-builder overloads.
These short entry points delegate to the generated implementations;
existing namespace-derived generated names remain available for
compatibility.
- Support multiple independent named systems/assets under one
namespace-owning manager. Reuse injectable providers, file binding,
bounded memory stores, optional transactional `IFileSystemProvider`
persistence, state machines, telemetry and conformance infrastructure.
- Keep one `docs/Vision.md` guide, titled `Machine Vision (OPC 40100-1
and OPC 40100-2)`, and one `Opc.Ua.Mcp.Vision` package. Include
deterministic server/client samples.
- Expose 17 Machine Vision MCP tools, including capabilities/status,
bounded relationships and observation, complete small-file
uploads/downloads, management, explicit control, conditions, and chunked
transfers. Catalogue counts: 39 Vision-specific, 43 with connection
tools, 81 Vision+Robotics, 155 Full. Every Machine Vision wire parameter
has a schema description.

**Compatibility and limits:** `AddVision()` remains Perception-only
unless released parts are selected. Standalone Part 2 uses
`AddVision().AddMachineVision()`; Machinery composition uses
`AddVisionToMachinery()`. Existing tool defaults and command signatures
are preserved. Observation owns and cleans up its subscription: 5
seconds/50 notifications by default, capped at 60 seconds/100
notifications. Complete-file tools are capped at 1 MiB; larger files use
chunked transfers. Domain Error values remain distinct from UA service
failures.

**Versioning:** the seven Vision/MachineVision/MCP packages and their
Debug variants follow the repository root version instead of being
forced to preview. Vision.OpenUsd and its descendants remain
preview-only. Development builds still inherit the root prerelease
version. No release version, tag, release branch, publication policy, or
feed promotion is changed.

**Review actions:** all fourteen review threads have action/evidence
replies and are resolved. Changes include the unified guide, Perception
namespace, separate Part 2 packages and final naming, multi-system
ownership explanation, interrupted-write cleanup, observer failure
isolation, complete MCP parameter descriptions, and explicit package
inventory. The preview-layout migration topic and the requested
ReleaseProcess caveat were removed. The test Publish collector now
retries recognized transient failures within one cancellation budget and
propagates other exceptions. Commit 69b1f5db9 applies the requested
short loader names and renames standalone hosting to `AddMachineVision`,
with callers, tests and documentation updated. The intervening master
merge is preserved.

### Verification

**Latest API naming changes, verified locally:**

| Scope | Result |
| --- | --- |
| Full Vision suite, net10 | 572 passed, 1 existing skip, 0 failed |
| Full Vision suite, net48 | 515 passed, 0 skipped, 0 failed |
| Final loader/hosting cases after cross-TFM null-guard adjustment | 9
passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped |
| Machine Vision MCP and profile cases | 198 passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped
|
| Main and MCP AOT test-project compilation | Both built with 0
warnings/errors |
| MCP AOT companion, managed execution | 5 passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped;
not claimed as native execution |

`ModelLoaderNamesRegisterTypedFactories`,
`ModelLoaderNamesRejectNullArguments`, and
`GeneratedModelsLoadTogetherAndCreateTypedInstances` cover all six
loader overloads, fluent return identities, typed instances, namespace
coexistence and null guards. Existing standalone Part 2 tests verify
idempotent registration, one-owner enforcement and null handling through
`AddMachineVision`. No source-generator implementation, CLR namespace,
wire identity or model payload was changed for these naming updates.

The current 69b1f5db9 revision is running
[CI](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/38165826937),
[package
validation](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/38165823359),
[MCP
usability](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/38165826874),
[CodeQL](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/38165826906),
and [Images
CI](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/38165826884).
These runs are not claimed as completed results.

**Earlier completed verification:** all seven default-TFM package
archives were inspected after the package rename: exact IDs, 27 clean
DLLs, correct dependencies/readmes/licenses, and unchanged pinned model
hashes. [CI on
c75ec4fa6](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/38142519760)
passed, including the formerly failing Linux batch and required summary.
Its unchanged coverage gate passed at **88.56% lines, 78.96% branches,
84.28% patch** against the 75% patch floor. The later
bounded-Publish-helper regressions reproduced 13 failures before the fix
and passed afterward; the full mainline triggering fixture passed 67
tests on each of net10/net48. These are historical results, not current
full-matrix results.

<details>
<summary>Executed API naming validation commands and outcomes</summary>

Run from the worktree root using the established artifact trees.
Dependency builds were performed before the no-build full net10 run; the
focused loader/hosting selection was rebuilt and rerun after the final
null-guard adjustment.

```powershell
$files = 'C:\Users\mschier\.copilot\session-state\deb2ba10-b0e9-4a44-8783-8331bc850814\files'
$env:DOTNET_CLI_USE_MSBUILD_SERVER = '0'
$env:TEMP = 'C:\Temp\mv-deb2\followup'
$env:TMP = $env:TEMP

# Passed: 572; Failed: 0; Skipped: 1.
dotnet test tests\Opc.Ua.Vision.Tests\Opc.Ua.Vision.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net10.0 --no-build --no-restore --artifacts-path artifacts\vision-followup -p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 -p:UseSharedCompilation=false -m:1 -nr:false --logger 'console;verbosity=minimal' --logger trx --results-directory "$files\vision-api-names-net10" -- 'NUnit.WorkDirectory=C:\Temp\mv-deb2\followup'

# Passed: 9; Failed: 0; Skipped: 0, on the final source.
dotnet test tests\Opc.Ua.Vision.Tests\Opc.Ua.Vision.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net10.0 --no-restore --artifacts-path artifacts\vision-followup -p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 -p:UseSharedCompilation=false -m:1 -nr:false --filter 'FullyQualifiedName~MachineVisionModelTests|FullyQualifiedName~StandalonePartTwoRegistrationUsesOneOwnerAndOneModelProvider|FullyQualifiedName~StandalonePartTwoRequiresRegistrationAndRejectsCompetingOwnership' --logger 'console;verbosity=minimal' --logger trx --results-directory "$files\vision-api-names-final-model" -- 'NUnit.WorkDirectory=C:\Temp\mv-deb2\followup'

# Passed: 198; Failed: 0; Skipped: 0.
dotnet test tests\Opc.Ua.Tools.Tests\Opc.Ua.Tools.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net10.0 --no-restore --artifacts-path artifacts\vision-followup -p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 -p:UseSharedCompilation=false -m:1 -nr:false --filter 'FullyQualifiedName~VisionMachineToolsTests|FullyQualifiedName~McpHostBuilderTests|FullyQualifiedName~McpToolProfileCompositionTests' --logger 'console;verbosity=minimal' --logger trx --results-directory "$files\vision-api-names-final-mcp" -- 'NUnit.WorkDirectory=C:\Temp\mv-deb2\followup'

$env:TEMP = 'C:\Temp\mv-deb2\followup48'
$env:TMP = $env:TEMP

# Passed: 515; Failed: 0; Skipped: 0.
dotnet test tests\Opc.Ua.Vision.Tests\Opc.Ua.Vision.Tests.csproj -c Debug -f net48 --no-restore --artifacts-path "$files\solution-net48-artifacts" -p:CustomTestTarget=net48 -p:UseSharedCompilation=false -m:1 -nr:false --logger 'console;verbosity=minimal' --logger trx --results-directory "$files\vision-api-names-net48-final" -- 'NUnit.WorkDirectory=C:\Temp\mv-deb2\followup48'
```

Opt-in long-running/stress/durable tiers have not been rerun locally;
the unqualified **all tests** checklist item remains open. Original
implementation matrix counts are not presented as current results.

</details>

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4732.

The requester reviewed and approved the implementation plan and
subsequent packaging/API decisions in the development session. The
tracking issue records the design; maintainer architectural
discussion/sign-off there is still pending. This PR remains a draft.

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.
2026-10-12 07:01:27 +00:00
romanett 0716603543 Fix concurrent session creation on a shared ClientChannelManager channel (#4739)
# Description

Sessions created concurrently through one `ClientChannelManager` against
the same endpoint (`Session.CreateAsync(IClientChannelManager, ...)`)
failed with `BadSecureChannelClosed 'The managed transport is closed.'`,
and the log showed `Background operation OpenChannel started by
ClientChannelManager failed. Channel is Closed.` Creating the same
sessions one after another worked.

## Root cause

A caller that finds an existing shared entry gets a lease right away,
even while the entry's creator is still opening the transport:

1. That session's `OpenAsync` called
`lease.Entry.SnapshotClientCertificate()` before any transport was
installed and threw *"The managed transport is closed."*
2. The failed session disposed its lease. The refcount dropped to 0 and
the entry was torn down.
3. The creator's in-flight `OpenInitialAsync` then found the entry
closing and threw *"Channel is Closed."* Every session attached to that
entry failed.

## Changes

- **`Session.OpenAsync`** waits until the shared entry has an installed
transport (new `ChannelEntry.WaitForTransportAsync`) before it reads the
certificate. The signal fires when the initial open installs a
transport, or when a reconnect that started during the initial open
does. It does not wait for `Ready`: `OpenCoreAsync` also runs for
session recreate inside a reconnect cycle, and the cycle installs the
transport before participants reactivate.
- **`ClientChannelManager.GetCoreAsync`**: the creator holds no lease
while it opens the entry, so other participants' releases can close the
entry under the open. The creator now retries on a fresh entry instead
of failing. When the initial open fails on its own, the entry records it
(`InitialOpenFaulted`, set under the entry lock at failure time, because
the later lifecycle state cannot tell the two cases apart). A faulted
open, or one closed by manager disposal, still fails the creator.

## Tests

-
`SharedChannelConcurrentSessionTests.SessionAttachedWhileChannelOpensWaitsForTransportAsync`
(Client.Tests): holds the creator's transport through gated channel
bindings until a second session has attached to the opening entry, then
checks that both sessions open and share the channel. Fails
deterministically without the fix.
-
`ClientChannelManagerManagedTests.WaitForTransportWaitsForReconnectStartedDuringInitialOpenAsync`
and `CreatorDoesNotRetryInitialOpenThatFaultedAsync` (Core.Tests): cover
the reconnect-during-open wait and the no-retry-on-fault path.
-
`SharedChannelConcurrentSessionTests.ConcurrentlyCreatedSessionsShareOneChannelAsync`
(Client.Tests): creates 20 sessions concurrently through one manager
against the reference server. It checks that they share one channel with
refcount 20 and that every session can read. Fails without the fix.
-
`ClientChannelManagerManagedTests.CreatorRetriesWhenLeaseReleasedDuringInitialOpenAsync`
(Core.Tests): holds the initial open with a mock transport, then
attaches and releases a second lease during it. It checks that the
creator gets a lease on a fresh entry. Fails without the fix with
"Channel is Closed."

Verification:
- **Local runs (net10.0, sequential):** Opc.Ua.Client.Tests 2778 passed;
Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests 851 passed, 379 skipped; Opc.Ua.Core.Tests 6241
passed, 88 skipped.
- **net48:** Client.Tests and Core.Tests compile cleanly.
- **ServerLoadHarness repro:** `--client shared --sessions 20
--connect-parallel 4/20` now connects every run. The same build without
the fix still fails.

Note: when the creator's open is cut short this way, the `OpenChannel`
background failure is still logged at `fail` level even though the
creator now recovers.

## Related Issues

- None filed yet. Found while load-testing the shared-channel client
with the ServerLoadHarness.

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-12 07:04:41 +02:00
romanett f5062be349 Complete each pooled service response at most once (#4729) (#4736)
## Proposed changes

Fixes the cross-talk part of #4729 on master.

`ServiceResponsePooledValueTaskSource` comes from one pool shared by the
whole process, and `ManualResetValueTaskSourceCore.SetResult` never
checks the version token. A second completion of an
`EndpointIncomingRequest` therefore either threw
`InvalidOperationException` or, once the source had been read and
recycled, answered whichever request rented it next. That request could
belong to another server instance in the same process.

master's request queue (Channel + `FairRequestQueue`) already completes
each request exactly once. But `ServerBase.ScheduleIncomingRequest` and
`ProcessRequestAsync` are virtual, so a single override that completes
and then throws (the `ProcessAsync` catch completes again) was enough to
corrupt unrelated requests.

- Each rental of the pooled source now gets a lease number, which is
never reused for a later rental of the same instance.
- `EndpointIncomingRequest` captures the lease when it is constructed
and completes through `TrySetResult(lease, response)`. That is a single
CAS on the pending lease, so only the first completion of the current
rental is accepted. Late or stale completions are discarded and can
never reach the next owner.
- `SetResult`/`SetException`, which had no callers outside this path,
are replaced by `TrySetResult`.

The master378 backport #4738 also fixes the double completions in the
old `RequestQueue` itself (snapshot in `Dispose`, and enqueue followed
by a throw).

## Tests
- `ServiceResponsePooledValueTaskSourceTests`: a second completion of
the same rental is ignored, and a late completion after the source is
recycled does not complete the next rental. Both use a private pool, so
the result is deterministic.
-
`EndpointIncomingRequestTests.ProcessAsync_ScheduleCompletesThenThrows_KeepsFirstCompletionAsync`:
a scheduler that completes the request and then throws. Without the fix
it fails with `InvalidOperationException`.
- `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` Stack.Server + Stack.Tcp (net10.0): 1871 passed, 0
failed.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-12 05:31:04 +02:00
romanett 2c431ad728 Client/transport: one recv per small chunk, ManagedSession lock fast path, write coalescing (#4737)
Follow-ups from the "Not changed" list of #4720 (client per-request
allocation and CPU): three changes that the paired A/B shows a gain for,
plus a write-up of the fourth (discarded `ResponseHeader`), which is not
changed.

## Results

Paired A/B, each change against the commit before it: 4 alternating
rounds, medians, 20 sessions, 24-core machine shared with other
sessions. Client = the harness process, server = the reference server
child. Allocated bytes per operation are deterministic; throughput and
latency carry the run-to-run noise noted below.

| Change | Scenario | Throughput | p50 | p90 | Client CPU / op | Client
alloc / op | Server CPU / op |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Receive staging | Read, 1 value | +4% | **−9%** | **−13%** | ≈ | ±0 |
≈ |
| | Read, 1 value, SignAndEncrypt | +6% | −6% | −11% | ≈ | ±0 | ≈ |
| | Read, 100 values | +2% | −4% | ≈ | ≈ | ±0 | ≈ |
| | Data changes | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | ±0 | ≈ |
| ManagedSession lock | Read, 1 value, ManagedSession | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ |
**−125 B** (2632 → 2507) | ≈ |
| | Same, inflight 8 | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | −133 B | ≈ |
| Write coalescing | Read, 1 value, 20 sessions on one shared channel,
inflight 4 | **+13%** | **−13%** | −3% | −6% | ±0 | −4% |
| | Same, inflight 1 | +20% ¹ | −8% | ¹ | −9% | ±0 | −13% |
| | Read, 1 value, inflight 8 (one channel per session) | +2% | −4% |
−6% | ≈ | ±0 | ≈ |
| | Read, 100 values, inflight 8 | +3% | −4% | −8% | ≈ | ±0 | ≈ |
| | Data changes | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | ±0 | ≈ |

≈: within run-to-run noise (about ±5% for CPU per op here).
¹ Rounds ranged from −42% to +32%; the inflight-4 runs were better in
all four rounds.

## Changes

- **`TcpByteTransport` receive**: `ReceiveChunkAsync` read the 8-byte
chunk header and then the body, two `recv` calls per chunk. It now waits
for data with a small staging buffer (8 KB, allocated on the first
receive, not from the `BufferManager` budget). One receive returns the
header and, when the chunk is small and already there, the whole chunk;
bytes of following chunks are kept for the next call. A larger chunk is
completed with a receive into the rented buffer, as before.
- The receive buffer is still rented only after the header has been
validated (message type, size against the negotiated limit), so an idle
peer holds none of the budget.
- A receive cancelled while its bytes are in the staging buffer keeps
them for the next call; on .NET Framework the staging receive takes no
token, so cancellation is observed once data arrives.
- A receive that fails while reading the body of a chunk larger than the
staging buffer has consumed part of the chunk; later receives then fail
with `BadTcpInternalError` rather than read body bytes as a header.
Before this PR such a failure lost the header and body bytes silently.
The channel cancels receives only when it closes.
  - Server listener channels use the same transport.
- **`ManagedSession` service calls**: each call was an async wrapper
(await the reader lock, await the inner call), one more state machine
box per request.
- When services are available and no writer holds or waits for the lock,
the reader lock is taken synchronously
(`AsyncReaderWriterLock.TryEnterReader`). It is released by a cached
continuation on the inner call's task, registered before the caller's
await, so the lock is free again when the caller resumes.
- Otherwise the call waits for the lock as before, so reconnect and
failover still block new calls and drain the ones in flight.
- The remaining 88 B per call is the task's continuation list (two
continuations).
- **Write coalescing** (`UaSCUaBinaryChannel`): when more writes for the
same transport are queued behind the one being sent, the writer takes up
to 16 of them and sends their segments in one vectored send.
- Each write is then reported on its own, in order, with its size. A
failed send is reported for every write in it, and their buffers are
returned.
- Writes still never start on the caller's stack, and one writer sends
one batch at a time, so chunk order is unchanged.
- Only byte-stream transports opt in (`TcpByteTransport`, also through
the server's admission lease, via the internal `IUaSCChunkCoalescing`).
WebSocket and capture decorators keep one send per chunk.

### Behaviour notes
- Each TCP connection that has received holds an 8 KB staging array
(pinned on .NET 5+), outside the `BufferManager` budget. The previous
transport held an 8-byte header array.
- `ManagedSession` service calls: if the inner call completes while the
release continuation is being registered, the reader lock is released on
the thread pool shortly after, instead of before the caller resumes.
- Concurrent `ReceiveChunkAsync` calls on one `TcpByteTransport` now
throw `InvalidOperationException`. The channel has a single receive
loop, and interleaved receives on a stream were never valid.

## Not changed: discarded `ResponseHeader`
Every generated structure's `Initialize()` constructs its
structure-typed fields: `new ResponseHeader()` (112 B), `new
RequestHeader()` (104 B). The decoders always create the instance (`new
T()` or the activator) and then assign every field in `Decode`, so the
default is thrown away. That is 4.6% of the client's 2.4 KB per Read and
about 3% on the server, which discards a `RequestHeader` per decoded
request and a `ResponseHeader` per response it constructs.
`PublishResponse` also discards a default `NotificationMessage`. Options
considered:
- **Lazy getter** (`get => m_x ??= new X()`): `IsEqual`/`GetHashCode`
compare fields, so a never-read default (null) would no longer equal an
explicit default. Two threads reading an unset header could get
different instances. Pooled instances reset through `Initialize()`
anyway.
- **Decode-only constructor** called by the activator: only the plain
`Class`/`DerivedClass` templates assign every field in `Decode`, not
optional-field or union types. A derived type's constructor must chain
to a base built by an older generator in another assembly, which lacks
it (the same problem `ForeignDerivedPooledExtensionClass` works around).
It also needs a new public marker type in `Opc.Ua.Types`.
- **Decode into the existing instance**: needs a new `IDecoder` member
in all decoders. It also changes behaviour when a caller decodes into an
object whose header it still references.

Each touches every generated type for about 100 B per message, so this
is left as is.

## Harness
- `--client shared`: classic sessions whose secure channels come from
one `ClientChannelManager`.
- Created sequentially (`--connect-parallel`, default 1). Concurrent
`Session.CreateAsync` calls on one manager fail with
`BadSecureChannelClosed`, a separate bug.
- 20 sessions on one channel reach about 45–70k req/s, against about
140k on 20 channels.
- `ab.sh`: `CANDIDATE=` selects the candidate build.

## Testing
- New: `TcpByteTransportTests`: chunks sent together, a chunk split
across sends (inside the next header), a chunk larger than the staging
buffer, cancellation keeping staged bytes.
`UaSCBinaryChannelWriteQueueTests`: coalesced in order (1 + 16 + 16 + 7
sends), framing transport not coalesced, a failed batch reported for
every write and later writes still sent. `AsyncReaderWriterLockTests`:
`TryEnterReader` against a writer, the reader held until the operation
completes and released on failure and on a completed operation, the
awaiter resuming after the release.
- Before the rebase onto master, net10.0, run sequentially: Core
Stack+Security 4689 passed, 1 failed
(`ClientBaseTests.ActivityTraceFlags_Metrics_ShouldRecordMetricsOnly`, a
meter-listener flake fixed on master by #4708; passes 3/3 in isolation);
Client 2768; Sessions 851 (379 skipped); Server 8398; Subscriptions 643.
- After the rebase: Core Stack+Security 4811 passed; Client 2781; Stress
Contract+Integration 45 passed; all 0 failed. Sessions, Server and
Subscriptions were not rerun on the new base.
- net48 build of `UA.slnx`: clean (0 warnings, 0 errors); `dotnet format
whitespace` clean.

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---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-12 05:30:29 +02:00
Marc Schier 5e71e2243c Test that a secured connection refuses its JSON metadata announcement (#4724)
# Description

#4712 makes a connection configured for message security send its
DataSetMetaData announcement through the connection's security step, so
the announcement is never sent unsecured. Its tests cover the UADP
announcement. This adds the JSON case.

The UADP security wrapper cannot protect a JSON message, so a connection
whose WriterGroup uses `SignAndEncrypt` must refuse the JSON metadata
announcement rather than publish the DataSet layout in plaintext.
`MetaDataPublisherTests.JsonAnnouncementOfASecuredWriterGroupIsRefusedAsync`
checks that nothing is published on the metadata topic and that the
refusal is counted in `EncryptionErrors`. `PubSubApplication.StartAsync`
returns after the initial announcement was sent or refused, so the check
needs no wait.

The test covers the fail-closed branch of
`PubSubConnection.EncodeOutboundAsync` and the refused-send return of
`SendNetworkMessageAsync`, two of the three changed lines the
patch-coverage report of #4712 listed as uncovered. Test-only change.

Review: the test double `RecordingTransport` guards its recorded sends
with a private `System.Threading.Lock` and exposes `SendCount` and
`GetSendsSnapshot()`, so the tests no longer lock the list itself
(b7e0ba4b1).

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net10.0 --filter
"Name~JsonAnnouncementOfASecuredWriterGroupIsRefusedAsync"` with the
fail-closed branch of `EncodeOutboundAsync` temporarily removed | Fails:
`Expected: no item String containing "/metadata/"`, but the announcement
was published on `opcua/json/metadata/p17/7/42` |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net10.0` | 1499 passed, 1
skipped |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net48 --filter
FullyQualifiedName~MetaDataPublisherTests` | 10 passed |
| On the merged head with the lock change (07142f7b3):
`MetaDataPublisherTests` on net10.0 (3 runs) and net48; the full
`Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests` on net10.0 | 10 passed each; 1498 passed, 2
skipped (the UDP multicast loopback tests, which skip when loopback is
not available) |

## Related Issues

- Follow-up to #4712.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-11 14:04:59 +02:00
romanett b25429bccc Client: cut per-request allocation and CPU in the channel and session; measure the client in the load harness (#4720)
Follows #4707 (replaces #4714, which closed when the #4707 branch was
deleted). Profiling the client process under load showed per-request
allocation spread over the channel write path, the response wait,
per-chunk header encoders and an AES instance per message, plus a stack
walk per service call. This PR removes them and extends the load harness
to measure the client.

## Results

Paired A/B against the #4707 head, the server work now on master (3
alternating rounds, medians, 20 sessions unless noted, workstation GC on
both sides, 24-core machine). Client = the harness process, server = the
reference server child.

| Scenario | Throughput | p50 | p90 | Client CPU / op | Client alloc /
op | Server alloc / op |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Read, 1 value | **+21%** (141k → 170k req/s) | −9% | −11% | −13% |
−46% (4.5 → 2.4 KB) | −20% |
| Read, 1 value, ManagedSession | **+18%** | −9% | −12% | −18% | −44% |
−20% |
| Read, 1 value, SignAndEncrypt | **+28%** | −14% | −20% | −24% | −52% |
−26% |
| Read, 1 value, 200 sessions | **+29%** | −11% | −17% | −17% | −46% |
−20% |
| Read, 100 values | +5% | −2% | −3% | −6% | −44% (15.6 → 8.8 KB) | −2%
|
| Read, 100 values, SignAndEncrypt | +8% | −7% | −2% | −2% | −46% | −3%
|
| Write, 100 values | ±0 | ≈ | ≈ | −14% | **−63%** (10.8 → 4.0 KB) | −2%
|
| Browse (Server object) | **+12%** | −7% | −11% | −19% | −17% | −12% |
| Data changes, classic fast callback | ±0 ¹ | ≈ | ≈ | −21% | −10% | −5%
|
| Data changes, classic item events | ±0 ¹ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ ² | −7% | −5% |
| Data changes, ManagedSession (V2) | ±0 ¹ | ≈ | ≈ | ±0 | −5% | −5% |
| Data changes, SignAndEncrypt | ±0 ¹ | ≈ | ≈ | −22% | −14% | −7% |

¹ Throughput is bounded by the writer rate; latency is dominated by the
100 ms publishing interval. Per notification the client uses about 2 µs
and 170–260 B.
² The client uses 0.2–0.4 cores in the subscription scenarios; the CPU
per notification is within run-to-run noise there.

Client GC pause time in the window drops 38–66% in the Read and Write
scenarios (17% for Browse). About 70% of the remaining client CPU per
small request is kernel time in loopback socket send/receive.

## Changes

- **Activity source**: `Session`, `SessionClientBatched`, the classic
`Subscription` and `ClassicSubscriptionEngine`, and the TCP/HTTPS client
channels resolve their `ActivitySource` once.
`TelemetryExtensions.StartActivity` called
`Assembly.GetCallingAssembly()` (a stack walk) on every service call,
~8% of client CPU.
- **Channel write queue** (`UaSCUaBinaryChannel`, client and server): an
ordered queue drained by one thread-pool writer replaces the per-write
`ContinueWith`/`Unwrap`/trailing continuation chain. The writer is
queued to the issuing thread's local pool queue, like the task
continuation was (queuing it globally cost ~15 µs of p50 in a first
iteration). Successful writes are reported inline instead of through
`Task.Run`; failed writes still go through the pool. The client channel
enters its gate only for a failed write instead of on every write
completion.
- **`TcpByteTransport`**: no linked `CancellationTokenSource` when the
caller's token cannot be cancelled (the channel always passes `None`); a
single-chunk `BufferCollection` uses the `ReadOnlyMemory` send instead
of the vectored `Task<int>` send; `PoolingAsyncValueTaskMethodBuilder`
on .NET 6+ for the receive/send state machines; no closure per vectored
send.
- **`BinaryEncoder.GetNodeIdEncoding`**: `Convert.ToUInt32(uint,
IFormatProvider)` bound to the `object` overload and
`Convert.ToByte(enum, ...)` boxed the enum, two boxes per encoded
NodeId. 44% of the client allocation of a 100-value Read; the server
encodes NodeIds the same way.
- **Symmetric chunk headers**: the 24 header bytes are written and read
with `BinaryPrimitives` instead of a `MemoryStream` +
`BinaryEncoder`/`BinaryWriter` (send) and `BinaryDecoder`/`BinaryReader`
(receive) per chunk. A chunk too short for a field still gets the
decoder's `BadDecodingError`.
- **AES-CBC**: `ChannelToken` keeps one `Aes` per direction, used with
the one-shot `EncryptCbc`/`DecryptCbc` on .NET 6+ (net48 reuses the
instance and creates the transform). Previously every message created an
`Aes`, imported the key (`BCryptImportKey`) and created a transform,
~15% of client CPU with SignAndEncrypt. The instance is taken out of the
token while in use, so concurrent callers never share one. The public
`CryptoUtils` overloads are unchanged.
- **`ChannelAsyncOperation`**: `SendRequestAsync` waits on an internal
task-free completion source instead of `EndAsync`
(`TaskCompletionSource` + `Task` + `WaitAsync` promise + state machine);
`EndAsync` registers cancellation instead of `WaitAsync(ct)`; the
timeout timer uses a static callback; completing with `default(T)`
shares a box.
- **Session keep alive**: every good response called `Timer.Change`
under the session lock, taking the timer queue lock. It now records the
time; the timer callback defers itself to one interval after the last
response, which is when the per-response reset made it fire.

### Behaviour notes
- `TcpByteTransport.SendChunkAsync`/`ReceiveChunkAsync` return pooled
`ValueTask`s on .NET 6+: like any `ValueTask` they must be awaited once.
- A successful write's `HandleWriteComplete` now runs on the writer
instead of a separate pool work item. Overrides outside the stack that
block in it delay later writes on that channel.
- The write itself no longer flows the caller's `ExecutionContext`
(`Activity.Current` is not set inside the transport send).

## Harness (`perf/`)
- `client-process:` and `client-per-op:` result lines; `--trace-side
client` records the harness itself.
- `--client managed` (ManagedSession, V2 engine) and `--callback item`
(classic per-item events).
- Classic fixture sessions no longer request diagnostics in every
response (the server otherwise sends a `DiagnosticInfo` per
notification).
- `ab.sh`: `SCENARIOS`/`ROUNDS`/`OUT`, CRLF tolerant, defaults before
the scenario (a `--sessions 200` scenario silently ran with 20 before);
`client-scenarios.txt`; `ab-summary.ps1` reports client and server
medians.
- README notes two profile traps: `Monitor.Enter_Slowpath` in the
sampled CPU profile without matching contention events (46 in 10 s
here), and allocation ticks over-attributing small objects allocated
after large arrays.

## Testing
- New: `UaSCBinaryChannelWriteQueueTests` (order, one send at a time,
never on the caller's stack, failures reported and later writes still
sent, concurrent writers), `ChannelAsyncOperationWaitTests` (late/early
completion, faults, cancellation, disposal, continuation off the
completing thread, 2000-iteration completion/cancellation race,
timeout), `CryptoUtilsAesCacheTests` (cached = fresh cipher text across
IVs, round trips, concurrent users, token disposal),
`TcpByteTransportTests` single/multi-buffer and cancellable sends,
`SessionKeepAliveTests` keep-alive read exactly one interval after the
last response.
- After merging master: Core Stack 3571 passed, Client 2763 passed, 0
failed.
- Before merging master, net10.0: Core Stack+Security 4680 passed;
Client 2763; Sessions 849 (379 skipped); Server 8391; Subscriptions 643;
all 0 failed.
- Stress Contract+Integration: 5 failures, the same 5 on the unchanged
#4707 head (`CertRotationContractTests`, `GateAndBypassTests`,
`LeaseLifecycleTests`, `RetryBudgetEnforcementTests` reflection seam,
`CertRotationLiveTests`), not caused by this PR.
- net48 build of `UA.slnx` clean; `dotnet format whitespace` clean.

## Not changed (follow-ups)
- Two `recv` calls per chunk (8-byte header, then body). Merging them
needs read-ahead with carry-over, which the transport avoids so that
idle peers do not hold receive buffers.
- `ManagedSession` service wrappers add an async state machine and a
reader lock per call (~200 B).
- Generated responses allocate a discarded `ResponseHeader`
(generator-wide, as noted in #4707).
- Decoded `MonitoredItemNotification` objects and the V2
`DataValueChange[]` per message dominate notification allocation
(`WithPoolNotifications` pools the latter).
- Coalescing queued writes on one channel into one vectored send would
cut syscalls under concurrent requests on a shared channel.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc <marcschier@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-10 20:00:33 +02:00
romanett c7fdeb6de1 Fix stress Contract/Integration failures and run them in stress-test.yml (#4718)
## Description

`Opc.Ua.Stress.Tests` with `Category=Contract|Category=Integration` had
five failures on master. The README says these categories run on every
PR, but no workflow ran them: `get-ci-matrix.ps1` excludes the Stress
project, and `stress-test.yml` only ran `ChaosTCP`. The old
`Channels.Stress` special case in `buildandtest.yml` never matched the
project name, and #4513 removed it. So the tests rotted unseen. Two of
the five failures were real product bugs.

### Product fixes

- **Session recreate after a server restart failed forever (regression
from #4503).** User-token PolicyIds are assigned by the server and are
not stable across a restart. In the failing run the client had cached
`Anonymous|20` and the restarted server offered `Anonymous|2`. The
CreateSession check added in #4503 requires an exact match, including
PolicyId, so every `RecreateInPlace` failed with
`BadSecurityChecksFailed` ("different security policy for the selected
user identity token"). The managed session then retried without end.
- `Session.OpenCoreAsync` now adopts the server's policy when only the
PolicyId differs. TokenType, SecurityPolicyUri, IssuedTokenType and
IssuerEndpointUrl must still match, so a downgrade is still rejected.
The token is restamped with the new id.
- **A certificate rotation during a reconnect reactivated every session
twice.** `ChannelEntry.ReconnectCycleAsync` only noticed the superseded
client certificate *after* it had notified participants. It then
replaced the transport and notified them again. The check now also runs
right after the transport reconnects, before participants are notified.

### Tests updated to the #4516 contracts

- `RetryBudgetEnforcementTests`: `Session.ReconnectManagedChannelAsync`
gained an optional reverse-connection parameter, which the reflection
call must supply.
- `GateAndBypassTests`: the participant callback token is cancelled once
`OnReconnectAsync` returns. The spawned worker now runs on the test
token.
- `LeaseLifecycleTests`: releasing the last lease cancels the recovery
in progress, as documented. The reconnect caller now expects
`OperationCanceledException`.

### CI

- New `Contract and Integration` job in `stress-test.yml`, with the same
gate as Chaos TCP: nightly, manual, and PRs labelled `stress`. It takes
about 1 minute of test time.
- The README now says where these categories actually run.

### Tests

- New
`SessionIdentityReviewTests.CreateAdoptsRenumberedUserTokenPolicyIdAsync`,
covering both a renumbered id (accepted) and a changed token security
policy (rejected). It fails without the fix.
- Each of the 5 fixed tests passed 3/3 runs in isolation. The full
`Contract|Integration` filter passed 45/45 twice in Debug and once in
Release.
- Related tests also pass: Core.Tests channel tests 587/587,
Sessions.Tests channel tests 119 passed (63 skipped), Client.Tests
channel/session/reconnect tests 512/512.
- The net48 build of `UA.slnx` is clean.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-10 08:06:30 +02:00
Cristi Pogacean 9344354aaa Fix empty LocalizedText binary field encoding (#4709)
# Description

Omit empty `Locale` and `Text` fields from the OPC UA Binary
DataEncoding for `LocalizedText`, as required by OPC 10000-6, Section
5.2.2.14, Table 24. Add wire-format tests for empty and non-empty
fields, including translation-backed localized text.

Validation:

- `git diff --check` passed before commit.
- `dotnet build tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests.csproj
--framework net10.0 --no-restore --verbosity minimal
-p:NuGetAudit=false` could not complete because access to
`https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json` failed with `NU1301` and a TLS
handshake error.

## Related Issues

No related issue.

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-10 08:05:11 +02:00
Marc Schier 9099aee13e Fail CI when a test fixture's setup or teardown fails (#4723)
# Description

`get-test-verdict.ps1` accepts a non-zero `dotnet test` exit whenever
the TRX counters show no failure, on the assumption that the host died
at exit after every teardown had run. A failed fixture setup or teardown
breaks that assumption. The assembly-level `[OneTimeTearDown]`
certificate leak check fails after its tests passed, no TRX counter
records it, and the host exits 1. In the last 10 master runs, CI
accepted exactly that as an "at-exit stall" for `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` and
`Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` on every leg (net48, and net10.0 on Windows,
Linux, and macOS). #4719 fixed the Server.Tests leak; #4721 fixes the
GDS leak.

The NUnit adapter reports such a failure as a TRX run message, `<RunInfo
outcome="Error"><Text>TearDown failed for test fixture
Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests.LeakDetectionSetup</Text></RunInfo>`, followed by a
second one with the failure message. For a setup failure it writes
`Setup failed for test fixture …`.

Changes:

- `Measure-TestResults` collects these messages. `Get-TestRunVerdict
-FixtureFailures` rejects a run that has any of them, whatever the exit
code, and names the fixture in the reason.
- A host that dies at exit after a clean run is still tolerated. The
only other tolerated case in the last 10 master runs,
`Opc.Ua.Client.Tests` on net48 in run 37835429177, logged "Test host
process crashed" and stays tolerated.
- `Measure-TestResults` and `Get-CounterValue` move from
`run-dotnet-tests.ps1` to the dot-sourced `get-test-verdict.ps1`, so
`CiTestVerdictTests` can feed them TRX files. The source check of the
counter set becomes a behavioral test.
- `docs/DeveloperGuide.md` describes the rule.

**Merge order:** after #4727 (#4719 and #4721 are on master). With #4721
merged, this PR's CI still rejects `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` on net48: eight
`PushTest` fixtures fail in `TearDown` and leak 88 certificates when
their setup is ignored, which master accepted as an "at-exit stall".
#4727 fixes them. On every other leg, `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` now passes
under the rule.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Tools.Tests -f net10.0 --filter
FullyQualifiedName~CiTestVerdictTests` with the scripts from master | 6
new tests fail, 13 pass |
| Same with this change | 19 passed |
| `Measure-TestResults` and `Get-TestRunVerdict` on the TRX of a full
`Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` run without #4721, exit code 1 | Rejected: `1 test
fixture setup or teardown failure(s): TearDown failed for test fixture
Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests.LeakDetectionSetup.` |
| Same on the TRX of a run with #4721, exit code 1 | Tolerated, as
before |
| CI of this PR before #4721 merged | `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` rejected on all
four legs for `TearDown failed for test fixture
Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests.LeakDetectionSetup`; every other project passed |
| CI after merging master with #4721 (0e8ef033a) | `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests`
passes on Linux, Windows and macOS net10.0; on net48 it is rejected for
9 fixture failures in `PushTest` and `LeakDetectionSetup`, fixed by
#4727 |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Tools.Tests -f net10.0` | 947 passed, 1
skipped, 1 failed:
`CiMatrixScriptTests.JobTimeoutBoundsEveryProjectsCombinedBudgetAsync("full")`,
which this change does not touch; it passes on rerun, alone and with
`CiMatrixScriptTests` and `CiTestVerdictTests` (40 passed) |

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Follows #4719 and #4721.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 22:24:49 +00:00
Cristi Pogacean 2cdf0de97f Fix scoped certificate-store resolution in GDS push operations (#4726)
# Description

Fix the remaining GDS push certificate paths that bypass instance-scoped
certificate stores, while preserving OPC UA 1.05.07 trust and
transaction requirements.

- Use the configured resolver/registry for previous-key loading, slot
resolution, application-store commit/rollback, issuer
import/compensation, and rejected-store opening.
- Validate application-certificate uploads through the configured
manager and the group's registered trust scope, instead of a temporary
manager that cannot see custom providers.
- Isolate per-call `AcceptError` validation cores from normal cached
trust decisions. Part 12 installation-time acceptance must neither reuse
nor populate the connection-validation cache.
- Compensate the application-certificate swap if opening the issuer
store fails, not only if importing an issuer fails.
- Add scoped-provider, cross-group trust, cache-isolation, and
compensation regressions. Reuse the portable PEM writer and short
temporary PKI paths so the tests work on .NET Framework too.
- Use source-generated failure logging without private-key bytes, and
document custom-store/pending-key requirements.

The branch starts at master `7f14fb864fc93532f3dbab1e1b5e2ba9b5f605c5`.
It excludes the unrelated LocalizedText commits, the local handoff, PLC
changes, logs, keys, certificates, and build outputs. No public API,
dependency, package version, global provider registration, or analyzer
configuration is changed.

### Specification review

The online Part 12 reference identifies version **1.05.07**. This is a
focused review and regression validation of the changed behavior, **not
a claim of complete stack conformance or CTT certification**.

| Requirement | Review / evidence |
| --- | --- |
| [Part 12,
7.10.5](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.5):
validate application certificates using the associated TrustList; ignore
the supplied issuer list | Existing issuer-argument regressions
retained. New flat-layout scoped-provider cases accept a CA installed in
the selected trusted/issuer store and reject one installed only in
another scope. |
| [Part 4,
6.1.3](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-4/6.1.3) and
Part 12, 7.10.5: suppressible installation errors must not bypass normal
peer trust or non-suppressible failures | Missing-issuer,
signature/revocation, explicit-trust, and validation-core tests; new
two-way cache-isolation cases with `UseValidatedCertificates = true`;
normal peer validation remains untrusted after issuer-only push
acceptance. |
| Part 12, 7.10.5: matching private key, encrypted channel and
SecurityAdmin | Existing access/key/type tests retained; scoped
own-store upload cases cover no uploaded key and PEM. PFX and
regenerated-key cases remain in the selected suite. |
| [Part 12,
7.10.2](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.2),
[7.10.9](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.9),
and
[7.10.11](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.11):
staging, ApplyChanges, cancellation, ownership and compensation |
Push/transaction/rollback suites; new custom-provider compensation cases
cover both issuer-import and store-open failure, retaining the old
application certificate and pre-existing issuers. |
| [Part 12,
7.10.7](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.7):
do not delete endpoint-referenced certificates | Existing ApplyChanges
endpoint-reference and delete/create replacement tests retained. |
| [Part 12,
7.10.10](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.10):
CSR key handling and persistence | Existing-key scoped CSR test, SDK
pending-key/cancel cases, and supporting PLC encrypted round
trips/restarts. Arbitrary custom backends still require a durable
pending-key implementation; the separate PLC implementation is not
included here. |

### Validation

Windows, .NET SDK 10.0.401, Release, NUnit/VSTest. Build analyzers
remained enforced: **no `WarningsNotAsErrors`, suppressions, or analyzer
downgrades**. `NuGetAudit=false` was needed because the local nuget.org
TLS connection failed; no repository audit setting was changed.

| Selection | Result |
| --- | --- |
| SDK GDS push/trust/transaction/rollback, net10.0 | **192 passed, 0
failed** |
| SDK certificate-manager/provider/explicit-trust/validation-core,
net10.0 | **180 passed, 0 failed** |
| SDK certificate-manager/provider/explicit-trust/validation-core, net48
| **180 passed, 0 failed** |
| SDK GDS push/trust/transaction/rollback, net48 | **192 passed, 0
failed** |
| Final portable-PEM/compensation tests, net10.0 | **5 passed, 0
failed** |
| Supporting PLC GDS/pending-key/compatibility selection, net10.0 | **29
passed, 0 failed** against this SDK source |

The PLC tests exercise encrypted UA calls, signed PEM/CSR updates,
persistence, fresh connections and restarts across Directory,
FlatDirectory and KubernetesSecret providers. The Kubernetes API is an
in-memory double, **not a real Kubernetes deployment**. PLC tests and
its durable pending-key implementation are local companion-repository
changes, not SDK PR contents or independently reproducible CI evidence
from this branch alone.

Commands below use the same isolated artifact locations as the
validation run, expressed relative to the user profile:

```powershell
$files = Join-Path $env:USERPROFILE '.copilot\session-state\003a7438-0312-4c10-beed-cd95c0fe400e\files'
$sdk = Join-Path $files 'sdk-build'
$net48 = Join-Path $files 'solution-net48'
$push = 'FullyQualifiedName~ConfigurationNodeManagerPushTests|FullyQualifiedName~ConfigurationNodeManagerPushValidationTests|FullyQualifiedName~PushComplianceRegressionTests|FullyQualifiedName~PushRollbackCancellationRegressionTests|FullyQualifiedName~PushConfigurationTransactionCoordinatorTests'
$manager = 'FullyQualifiedName~CertificateManagerTests|FullyQualifiedName~CertificateManagerExplicitTrustTests|FullyQualifiedName~CertificateManagerProviderResolutionRegressionTests|FullyQualifiedName~CertificateValidationCoreTests'

# Passed: 192/192.
dotnet test .\tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net10.0 -m:1 --no-restore -p:GeneratePackageOnBuild=false -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$sdk" -p:NuGetAudit=false --filter $push

# Passed: 180/180.
dotnet test .\tests\Opc.Ua.Core.Tests\Opc.Ua.Core.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net10.0 --no-build --no-restore -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$sdk" --filter $manager

# Passed: 180/180.
dotnet test .\tests\Opc.Ua.Core.Tests\Opc.Ua.Core.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net48 --no-build --no-restore -p:CustomTestTarget=net48 -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$net48" --filter $manager

# Passed: 192/192 after the portable PEM writer and shorter temporary PKI paths.
dotnet test .\tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net48 -m:1 --no-restore -p:CustomTestTarget=net48 -p:GeneratePackageOnBuild=false -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$net48" -p:NuGetAudit=false --filter $push

# Passed: 5/5 after final test portability changes.
dotnet test .\tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net10.0 -m:1 --no-restore -p:GeneratePackageOnBuild=false -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$sdk" -p:NuGetAudit=false --filter 'FullyQualifiedName~CertificatePushUsesScopedOwnStoreProviderAsync|FullyQualifiedName~ApplyCertificateSlotChangeSelfCompensatesWhenIssuerImportFailsAfterAppCertSwapAsync'

# Passed: 29/29; the companion project and this SDK had been built together first.
dotnet test C:\src\iot-edge-opc-plc\tests\opc-plc-tests.csproj -c Release --no-build --no-restore -p:UseLocalOpcUaStack=true -p:OpcUaSourceRoot=C:\src\UA-.NETStandard -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$sdk" --filter 'FullyQualifiedName~GdsPush|FullyQualifiedName~PlcPendingCertificateKeyStoreTests|FullyQualifiedName~PreviewCompatibilityTests'
```

The `--no-restore` / `--no-build` invocations require prior
restoration/build. The initially empty artifact-directory `--no-restore`
invocation produced no test execution and is **not** counted. Initial
compile/test portability failures were fixed before the final results
above.

Full-solution attempts did **not** pass:

```powershell
# Failed/incomplete: AMB server startup timed out in two tests; stopped after failures.
dotnet test .\UA.slnx -c Release -f net48 -m:1 -p:CustomTestTarget=net48 -p:GeneratePackageOnBuild=false -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$net48" -p:NuGetAudit=false

# Failed: NU1301 restoring OpenUsd-related projects due to nuget.org TLS handshake failure.
dotnet test .\UA.slnx -c Release -f net10.0 -m:1 -p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 -p:GeneratePackageOnBuild=false -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$(Join-Path $files 'solution-net10')" -p:NuGetAudit=false
```

A retry through an already configured local package source progressed
further, but the OneFuzz nested publish did not inherit the audit
override and caused **210 setup failures (NU1900)**; the broad run was
stopped. These runs are not a clean full-suite result. AMB startup
failures have not been baseline-qualified and are not claimed to be
fixed by this PR.

`git diff --check` passed. A changed-file whitespace check reported
seven pre-existing diagnostics at lines 371-424 of
`CertificateManagerTests.cs`, outside this change (new tests start at
line 563); no unrelated formatting sweep was made.

**Remaining gates:** successful full solution on net48/net10.0,
quantitative coverage, Linux, required CI/CodeQL, and applicable
CTT/interoperability qualification. Keep this PR draft until the
required gates are resolved; the tests above do not establish 100% OPC
UA compliance.

## Related Issues

_Reference all GitHub issues this PR addresses. If there is no issue
yet, open one and link it here._

_If this is a relatively large or complex change, a design must have
been discussed in the related tracking issue and signed off (which
becomes the Architectural Decision Record (ADR))._

- Fixes #4725.
- Follow-up to #4546, #4530 and #4531 for remaining certificate-push
consumers.

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Tests were added and pass as recorded, but coverage was not measured.
CLA status is not asserted on behalf of the contributor.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 21:41:58 +02:00
Marc Schier 09ca425b3a Make the encoder stack-depth tests hold on a reused thread stack (#4722)
# Description


`EncoderStackDepthTests.DecodeWithUnboundedNestingLimitFailsBeforeTheStackOverflows(Json,
VariantArray)` and `(Json, DataValue)` fail intermittently on Linux CI,
for example in run 37921301898, attempt 1, `test-linux-net10.0 (12/15)`.
The 450-level JSON input decodes without tripping the stack check, so
the expected `BadEncodingLimitsExceeded` is missing. A re-run passes.

Cause: a thread that asks for a 256 KB stack can run on more. glibc
reuses the cached stack of an exited thread when it is at most four
times the requested size, and the fixture's own 1 MB threads leave such
stacks behind. `RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack` measures
the stack the thread actually got, and 450 JSON levels fit a 1 MB stack.
The product's stack check is correct; the test relied on the requested
size.

Deepest nesting that fits before the check fires (net10.0, Release):

- On a 256 KB thread: about 100 JSON levels on Linux and 70 on Windows.
- On a 1 MB thread, Linux: 548 levels for a JSON Variant array, and up
to 2477 for a JSON EncodeableTree. Encoding a Binary EncodeableTree fits
1899 levels, so the 2000 levels of the other codecs had no margin
either.

Fix:

- The unbounded-limit decode and encode tests run on a 1 MB and a 256 KB
stack: the largest stack glibc can hand a 256 KB request, and the
requested size.
- Every codec nests 5000 levels, twice the deepest nesting that fits a 1
MB stack.
- The JsonEncoder cannot nest deeper than 1000 JSON levels, so the JSON
input is written by hand. `NestedJsonMatchesTheJsonEncoder` checks it
against the encoder's output for every shape.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| Original test logic in the `mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:10.0`
container, each decode right after a 1 MB thread exits, 20 times per
shape | Decode succeeded 20 of 20 times for VariantArray and DataValue,
the CI failure; 0 of 20 without the 1 MB thread, and 0 of 20 on Windows
either way |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Types.Tests -f net10.0 --filter
FullyQualifiedName~EncoderStackDepthTests`, Release and Debug on
Windows, 2 runs each | 80 passed |
| Same in the Linux container (Release), 3 runs | 80 passed |
| Same with `-f net48` | 80 passed |
| Linux, depth temporarily set back to 2000 |
`EncodeWithUnboundedNestingLimitFailsBeforeTheStackOverflows(Binary,EncodeableTree)`
fails on the 1 MB stack |
| Linux, `EncodingLimits.EnsureSufficientStack` temporarily disabled |
The test host crashes with a stack overflow, so the tests still catch a
missing check |

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Seen on the CI of #4710.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 19:32:27 +02:00
Marc Schier 0abe194b25 Dispose the certificate leaked by PushComplianceTests (#4721)
# Description

`dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` exits 1 even when every test
passes. The assembly-level `LeakDetectionSetup` teardown reports
`Certificate leak detected: 1 instance(s) created but not disposed`. CI
accepts the exit code as an "at-exit stall" and only warns: the last 10
master runs show the warning for `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` on all four legs
(net48, and net10.0 on Windows, Linux, and macOS).

Cause: with `OPCUA_CERTIFICATE_LEAK_TRACKING=1`, the leak report's
allocation stack names `PushComplianceTests.CreateSelfSigned()`, called
inline in `TrustListTransactionLifecycleAsync`. The certificate passed
to `AddCertificateAsync` was never disposed.

Fix: the test creates the certificate with a `using` declaration, like
every other certificate in the fixture. This is a test-only change.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests -f net10.0 --logger trx` with
`OPCUA_CERTIFICATE_LEAK_TRACKING=1`, before the fix | 1258 passed, 0
failed, but exit 1: `TearDown failed for test fixture
Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests.LeakDetectionSetup`, `Certificate leak detected: 1
instance(s) created but not disposed (created=70028, disposed=70027)`,
allocated in `PushComplianceTests.CreateSelfSigned()` |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests -f net10.0 --filter
"FullyQualifiedName~PushComplianceTests.TrustListTransactionLifecycleAsync"`,
before the fix | 1 passed, exit 1 with the same leak report |
| Same, after the fix | 1 passed, exit 0 |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests -f net10.0` with leak tracking,
after the fix | 1258 passed, 0 failed, 56 skipped; exit 0 |

Not run locally on net48: on this machine the fixture's `OneTimeSetUp`
fails on net48 with `BadSecurityChecksFailed` (the server cannot verify
the push client's OpenSecureChannel request) before any test body runs,
and the `PushTest` fixture logs the same error. CI's net48 leg runs the
fixture.

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while surveying the CI "at-exit stall"
tolerance; #4719 fixes the same class of leak in `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests`.
A follow-up makes CI fail on such teardown failures.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 19:32:18 +02:00
Marc Schier 7f14fb864f Secure the UADP DataSetMetaData announcement on secured connections (#4712)
# Description

`MetaDataPublisher` encoded the DataSetMetaData announcement itself and
called `IPubSubTransport.SendAsync` directly. That bypassed the
connection's security wrapper and its fail-closed check. A WriterGroup
configured for `SignAndEncrypt` therefore announced its DataSet layout
(field names, types, version) unsigned and unencrypted. A secured
subscriber dropped the announcement (`Dropping unsecured inbound frame
... requiring SignAndEncrypt`, documented as an expected warning in
docs/PubSub.md), and any listener could read it. OPC 10000-14 §6.2.5.2
applies the WriterGroup's SecurityMode to the NetworkMessages it
publishes, and §7.2.4.6.3 carries the security of a discovery
announcement in its SecurityHeader.

Confirmed on the wire: the documented `udp-uadp` exchange sent secured
DataSetMessages plus one DiscoveryResponse (announcement type 2,
DataSetMetaData) with ExtendedFlags1 `0x81`, meaning the SecurityHeader
bit was clear.

Review feedback widened the scope to every UADP discovery message of a
secured connection, and to the diagnostics of secured messages.

Fix:

- `MetaDataPublisher` builds the announcement and hands it to the
connection (`PubSubConnection.SendMetaDataAnnouncementAsync`).
- One encode-and-secure step (`PubSubConnection.EncodeOutboundAsync`)
now serves data messages, discovery requests and responses, and the
announcements that UDP and Ethernet send to their transport-specific
discovery destination (ApplicationInformation, PublisherEndpoints,
PubSubConnection). On a connection configured for message security, it
applies the SecurityMode (`Sign`, or `SignAndEncrypt`) to UADP messages
and refuses to send any message it cannot secure.
- Before, a secured connection dropped its own discovery requests, so a
secured subscriber could not ask for metadata, writer configuration, or
endpoints. It also refused metadata and writer-configuration probe
responses, and sent the transport-specific announcements in plaintext.
- A discovery response or announcement that cannot be secured or sent is
logged (`DiscoveryMessageNotSent`, Warning) and dropped. Securing
announcements makes them depend on a current key; without this, a key
provider with no key yet, for example before a Security Key Service
delivers the first key, made `StartAsync` fail, and a probe response
that could not be secured ended the receive loop. Requests sent through
`RequestDiscoveryAsync` still throw to the caller.
- Secured messages are counted in `SentNetworkMessages` and
`SentDataSetMessages` like unsecured ones. Before, they bypassed the
encoder that counts them, so secured data messages were never counted.
- `UadpDiscoveryCoder` can encode a discovery message with the
SecurityHeader bit set, and reports the security boundary after the
PublisherId (and DataSetClassId), which is where
`UadpDecoder.TryReadOuterPrefix` ends the prefix.
`UadpEncoder.EncodeWithSecurityBoundary` accepts discovery messages.
- The receive path is unchanged: it already unwraps secured discovery
frames and registers authenticated metadata.
- Not changed: the MQTT last-will status message is registered with the
broker when the connection opens and published later, so it cannot carry
a current SecurityHeader; it stays unsecured.
- docs/PubSub.md no longer lists the unsecured-frame warning. It
describes how the SecurityMode applies to announcements and discovery
(`Sign` authenticates; `SignAndEncrypt` also encrypts) and the last-will
exception.

Tests:

-
`MetaDataPublisherTests.UadpPathSecuresTheAnnouncementOfASecuredWriterGroupAsync`:
the announcement of a SignAndEncrypt WriterGroup carries a
SecurityHeader, does not contain the DataSet name in cleartext, and
unwraps and decodes with the subscriber's keys. Before the fix, the
announcement had no SecurityHeader.
- `MetaDataPublisherTests.SecuredNetworkMessagesAreCountedAsSentAsync`:
before the fix, `SentNetworkMessages` read 0 on a secured connection.
-
`PubSubDiscoveryTests.SecuredSubscriberDiscoversSecuredPublisherWithoutPlaintextFramesAsync`:
a secured subscriber and a secured publisher, connected through an
in-memory transport that also sends announcements to a separate
destination, discover metadata, writer configuration, and endpoints, and
no frame lacks a SecurityHeader. Before the fix, the metadata request
was dropped. With only the announcement change reverted, the
PublisherEndpoints response was dropped.
-
`PubSubDiscoveryTests.StartupAnnouncementsWithoutACurrentKeyDoNotFailTheStartAsync`
and `ReceiveLoopSurvivesADiscoveryResponseThatCannotBeSecuredAsync`:
both failed before the fail-soft change.
-
`UadpDiscoveryTests.SecuredDiscoveryMessagesSplitWhereTheReceiverExpects`:
for requests and responses, with and without a DataSetClassId, the
secured encoding differs from the unsecured one only by the
SecurityHeader flag, and its boundary equals the receiver's prefix
length.
-
`UadpDiscoveryTests.EncodeWithSecurityBoundaryRejectsAMessageItCannotSecure`.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0` | 1498 passed, 1 skipped (the UDP multicast
loopback discovery test, which this host skips) |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net48
-p:CustomTestTarget=net48` | 1498 passed, 1 skipped |
| `dotnet test` on net10.0 for `Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests`, `.Eth.Tests`,
`.Mqtt.Tests`, `.Server.Tests`, `fuzzing/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Fuzz.Tests` |
234, 55, 157, 177, 149 passed |
| `dotnet test` on net10.0 for `Opc.Ua.PubSub.Kafka.Tests`,
`.Adapter.Tests`, `.Diagnostics.Tests`, `Opc.Ua.Redundancy.PubSub.Tests`
(on 9417ccbbb) | 92 (1 skipped), 152, 53 (1 skipped), 45 passed |
| `tests\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests\bin\Debug\net10.0\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests.exe
--treenode-filter "/*/*/PubSubAotTests/*"` (JIT; the AOT job failed on
94d43919a) | 7 of 7 passed, including `StartsAndStopsPublisher_UdpUadp`
|
| `dotnet build src/Opc.Ua.PubSub -c Release` (all target frameworks) |
0 warnings |
| The docs/PubSub.md first exchange, run verbatim, with #4710 applied
(before the review changes) | The announcement is secured on the wire
(ExtendedFlags1 `0x91`, 268 bytes); 14 DataSets; no unsecured-frame
warning; the subscriber logs `Registered inbound metadata for writer 1`
|
| After merging master (#4710, #4711, #4716), on 83567cecf: `dotnet
build src/Opc.Ua.PubSub -c Release` | 0 warnings |
| Same merge: `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net10.0`; the
changed fixtures on net48; `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests -f
net10.0` | 1498 passed, 1 skipped; 132 passed, 1 skipped; 237 passed |
| Same merge: `Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests.exe --treenode-filter
"/*/*/PubSubAotTests/*"` (JIT) | 8 of 8 passed, including #4710's
`SamplePublisherDeliversSecuredDataSetToSampleSubscriberAsync` |
| Same merge: the docs/PubSub.md first exchange, run verbatim on
`opc.udp://127.0.0.1:4840`, then the publisher alone against a UDP
listener | 9 DataSets in 10 seconds and no warning on either side; the
listener saw 9 DataSetMessages and 1 DiscoveryResponse (the startup
announcement), all with the SecurityHeader bit set |

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while verifying the PubSub first-exchange
documentation (follow-up to #4555).

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 16:52:45 +02:00
Marc Schier 60dc5ab404 Reset the push coordinator after each PushComplianceRegressionTests test (#4719)
# Description

`dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` exits 1 even when every test
passes. The assembly-level `LeakDetectionSetup` teardown reports
`Certificate leak detected: 3 instance(s) created but not disposed`.

Cause: `CloseAndUpdateRejectsRetainedCrlOfRemovedCaAsync` and
`CloseAndUpdateAcceptsVersion3CertificateWithoutExtensionsAsync` stage
TrustList updates through `CloseAndUpdate` and finish without
`ApplyChanges` or `CancelChanges`. `TearDown` disposed the TrustLists
but not the staged operations, so the
`PushConfigurationTransactionCoordinator` kept the staged and original
`CertificateCollection`s undisposed.

CI did not catch it: `.github/scripts/get-test-verdict.ps1` accepts a
nonzero exit when the TRX counters show no failures, and reports it only
as an "at-exit stall" warning.

Fix: `TearDown` calls `m_coordinator.Reset()`, which discards the staged
operations and disposes their collections. This is a test-only change;
in production, a session's staged operations are applied, cancelled, or
discarded when the session closes.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 --filter
"FullyQualifiedName~PushComplianceRegressionTests"`, before the fix | 15
passed, but exit 1: `TearDown failed for test fixture
Opc.Ua.Server.Tests.LeakDetectionSetup`, `Certificate leak detected: 3
instance(s) created but not disposed (created=49, disposed=46)` |
| Same, after the fix, 3 runs | 15 passed, exit 0, no leak report |
| Same with `-f net48 -p:CustomTestTarget=net48` | 15 passed, exit 0 |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0` | 8386 passed, 0 failed, 5 skipped; exit 0
|

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while explaining the exit code 1 of a full
`Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` run for #4716.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 15:50:41 +02:00
Marc Schier aeeef5b420 Send UDP multicast on the network interface the transport joins (#4711)
# Description

`UdpDatagramTransport` joined multicast groups on the resolved network
interface: the connection address's `NetworkInterface`, the
`PreferredNetworkInterface` option, or the first operational interface.
It never set `IP_MULTICAST_IF` / `IPV6_MULTICAST_IF`, though, so
multicast data and discovery announcements left through the operating
system's default multicast route. On a computer with several network
interfaces, a publisher configured for one network sent on another, and
subscribers on the configured network missed the messages (OPC 10000-14
§7.3.2.2, `NetworkAddressDataType.NetworkInterface`).

`ConfigureSocket` now sets the multicast send interface to the resolved
interface for IPv4 and IPv6 sockets. That includes the separate socket
that sends discovery announcements for loopback-bound connections. A
failure is logged at Debug level, like the other socket options.

**Behavior change:** without a configured interface, multicast now
leaves through the first operational non-loopback interface, which is
the interface subscribers join on, instead of the default multicast
route. `docs/PubSub.md` and the XML docs of `PreferredNetworkInterface`
and `UdpNetworkInterfaceResolver` describe this and recommend naming the
interface on multi-homed computers.

Tests (`UdpDatagramTransportMulticastInterfaceTests`):

- The IPv4 and IPv6 egress options equal the resolved interface. Before
the fix they were `0.0.0.0` and `0`.
- A publisher and subscriber pinned to the loopback interface exchange a
payload. A raw control sender tells a host without loopback multicast
apart from a publisher that sends elsewhere. The test fails with the bug
on Linux; Windows also delivers local copies sent on other interfaces,
so there it only confirms the exchange.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 --filter
"FullyQualifiedName~UdpDatagramTransportMulticastInterfaceTests"`, with
the fix temporarily disabled | IPv4 and IPv6 option tests failed
(`Expected: <192.168.178.101> But was: <0.0.0.0>`, `Expected: 4 But was:
0`) |
| The same tests from the Windows-built binaries in a Linux container
(`mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:10.0`, `dotnet test
Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests.dll`), fix disabled, 5 runs | 3 of 3 failed in
every run, including the loopback exchange (the control sender arrived,
the publisher's multicast did not) |
| Same, with the fix, 5 runs | 3 of 3 passed in every run |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0` | 237 passed (Windows, and the same
binaries in the Linux container) |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests -f net48
-p:CustomTestTarget=net48` | 232 passed |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0` | 1490 passed, 1 skipped |
| `dotnet build src/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp -c Release` (net10.0, net9.0,
net8.0, net48) | 0 warnings |
| The docs/PubSub.md first exchange (unicast loopback), run verbatim,
with #4710 applied | 11 DataSets; the unsecured-frame warning appears
once, as documented |

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while verifying the PubSub first-exchange
documentation (follow-up to #4555).

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 15:17:51 +02:00
Marc Schier 9600f0de9c Let servers start in globalization-invariant mode (#4716)
# Description

A server did not start in globalization-invariant mode
(`InvariantGlobalization`, or
`DOTNET_SYSTEM_GLOBALIZATION_INVARIANT=1`), which Native AOT and
container images often enable. When the server loaded its default status
texts, `ResourceManager` created `CultureInfo("en-US")`. In this mode
the runtime throws `CultureNotFoundException` for every culture except
the invariant one, so the server crashed in
`ResourceManager.LoadDefaultText`.

`ResourceManager` now:

- keeps the locale id of each translation table as a string, and falls
back to its language subtag to find another region of the same language;
- when the runtime cannot create the culture, parses a locale id that
matches the grammar of RFC 5646 §2.1 into the recommended casing of its
subtags. It still rejects a language without a region, and rejects a tag
that does not match the grammar, as before;
- caches the resolved locale ids, so loading the default texts creates
each culture once.

`docs/NativeAoT.md` no longer warns against invariant mode for servers.

The new tests (`ResourceManagerInvariantGlobalizationTests`) reproduce
both invariant-mode behaviors of the runtime: no cultures at all, and
cultures that carry invariant data. They also cover malformed tags, and
well-formed tags with extended language, variant, extension, and private
use subtags.

The branch includes a merge of master: #4707 moved translation lookups
to a lock-free snapshot of the tables, and the snapshot now copies the
locale-id-based tables.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 --filter
"FullyQualifiedName~ResourceManager"` | 100 passed, including the 39
tests of the new fixture. Before the fix, 10 of its first 22 tests
failed; 7 of the 17 grammar cases failed against the first version of
the parser |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests -f net48
-p:CustomTestTarget=net48 --filter "FullyQualifiedName~ResourceManager"`
| 100 passed |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0`, on 80e516309 (before the master merge) |
8408 passed, 0 failed, 5 skipped. The run exits 1 because of a
pre-existing certificate leak in `PushComplianceRegressionTests`, which
is unrelated to this change and fixed in #4719 |
| `dotnet build src/Opc.Ua.Server -c Release` (net10.0, net9.0, net8.0,
net48) | 0 warnings |
| MinimalBoilerServer started with
`DOTNET_SYSTEM_GLOBALIZATION_INVARIANT=1`, then MinimalClient (on
27c8478a9) | Before the fix: the server crashed with
`CultureNotFoundException`. After: it starts, and the client browses,
reads, and receives a subscription notification |

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while verifying the Native AOT documentation
(follow-up to #4555).

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 15:17:12 +02:00
Marc Schier e80d0ca9ac Use a 4-byte KeyNonce in the reference PubSub sample (#4710)
# Description

The first PubSub exchange in
[docs/PubSub.md](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/docs/PubSub.md#run-a-first-publisher-and-subscriber)
delivers no DataSets on master or in the 2.0.0 source. The subscriber
only logs `DataSetReader Reader 1 faulted on MessageReceiveTimeout`,
while the publisher logs `UADP security wrap failed; dropping message`
with `ArgumentException: AES-CTR nonce must be exactly 12 bytes` for
every NetworkMessage.

Cause: the reference PubSub sample's demo keys use a 12-byte KeyNonce.
Since #4573, the AES-CTR counter block follows OPC 10000-14 Table 157
(`KeyNonce[4] || MessageNonce[8] || BlockCounter[4]`). With the sample's
keys, the publisher builds a 20-byte nonce, and `AesCtrTransform`
rejects it. The 2.0.0 release (release/2.0 at bc5da1006) contains #4573
and the 12-byte sample, so it is affected too.

Fix: the sample sizes its KeyNonce with
`AesCtrNonceLayout.KeyNonceLength`. No SDK change.

Regression test:
`PubSubAotTests.SamplePublisherDeliversSecuredDataSetToSampleSubscriberAsync`
starts the sample publisher and subscriber with the sample keys over
unicast loopback and waits for a DataSet. The existing sample-based AOT
tests only built or started the applications, so nothing caught the
regression.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `tests\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests\bin\Debug\net10.0\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests.exe
--treenode-filter
"/*/*/PubSubAotTests/SamplePublisherDeliversSecuredDataSetToSampleSubscriberAsync"`
(JIT), before the fix | Failed: `TimeoutException`, no DataSet within 10
s |
| same, after the fix | Passed, 3 of 3 runs |
| `tests\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests\bin\Debug\net10.0\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests.exe
--treenode-filter "/*/*/PubSubAotTests/*"` | 8 of 8 passed |
| The two `dotnet run` commands of the docs/PubSub.md first exchange,
run verbatim | 15 DataSets in 15 s; the publisher logs no failures |

The release/2.0 branch has the same sample and would need a backport,
which is not part of this PR.

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while re-verifying the documented first
PubSub exchange after the 2.0.0 release.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 15:17:01 +02:00
romanett 36194f6a02 Avoid boxing and per-value copies on encoder, enum and server hot paths (#4715)
## Summary
Allocation audit of the per-message / per-value paths (binary codec,
built-in types, server request path, monitored items, client
notification dispatch) looking for boxing and avoidable per-value
copies. Measured with `GC.GetAllocatedBytesForCurrentThread` probe loops
on net10.0 **and net48**, and with `dotnet-trace` allocation traces of
the server load harness (#4707) for read/write/browse/subscription,
server and client side — a value type in the "allocated types" list is a
box.

Wire output and error behaviour are unchanged.

### Fixed
| Where | Cause | Frequency | Before → after |
|---|---|---|---|
| `Polyfills/System.IO.cs` (net48/netstandard2.0) |
`BinaryWriter.Write(ReadOnlySpan<byte>)` polyfill copied with
`ToArray()` — every string, array, ByteString, Guid write | per value |
32–64 B → 0; BrowseResponse×50 encode 15.3 → 10.9 KB |
| `EnumHelper` (net48/netstandard2.0) |
`EnumToInt32`/`Int32ToEnum`/`EnumToInt64` boxed outside
`NET8_0_OR_GREATER` (every enum field, `Variant.From<TEnum>`,
`EnumValue.From`) | per value | 24 B → 0 |
| `BinaryDecoder.ReadString` + stream raw reads (net48) | temp `byte[]`
per string, `BinaryReader.ReadBytes` | per value | BrowseResponse×50
decode 15.7 → 11.3 KB |
| `WriteGuid` / `ReadGuid` (all) | `ToByteArray()` / `byte[16]` | per
value (also Guid NodeIds) | 40 B → 0 each |
| `VariantHelper.TryCastTo<TEnum>` (`DataValue.GetValue<TEnum>`),
`EventRecordFieldReaders.GetEnum` | `Enum.ToObject` box | per call / per
event field | 24 B → 0 |
| `NodeManagerServiceDispatcher.GetManagerHandleAsync` | interface
enumerator per validated node | per node | Write-100: 151.8 → 148.5
KB/request |

### Cold paths (third commit)
- `Server.Auditing` write handler: `Convert.ToBoolean(object)` got a
boxed `Variant` (not `IConvertible`) and threw `InvalidCastException` on
any in-process write; now takes the boolean, `BadTypeMismatch` otherwise
(new test).
- `UpdateServerServiceLevel`: `Convert.ToByte(byte, IFormatProvider)`
bound to the object overload.
- Client publish-state / recovery-policy `HasFlag` (boxes on net48) →
`(x & F) == F`.
- `SequenceReader` big-endian float on net48/netstandard2.0 used
`Convert.ToSingle(int)` (numeric conversion) instead of reinterpreting
the bits.
- JSON enum strings: one `Enum.GetName` + `string.Concat` instead of
`IsDefined` + boxing `CoreUtils.Format`; same output (new test for the
`EnumValue` overload).

Left as is: `SamplingGroup` start-up `Convert.ToInt32(double, provider)`
(rewritten by #4707), `SecureChannelRenewed` formatting (transport files
in flight on the client perf branch), `Utils.IsEqual<T>` object path for
structs (cold callers; changing it would mix `CompareTo` and `Equals`
semantics), Machinery `HasFlag` (startup config).

### Not changed here
- `BinaryEncoder.GetNodeIdEncoding` `Convert.ToUInt32(object)` /
`Convert.ToByte(enum)` (72 B per NodeId encode, largest single item) and
`ChannelAsyncOperation.Complete` boxing the `int` result are handled on
the client performance branch.
- By design: `Variant` / `NodeId` store `ArrayOf<T>`, Guid, ByteString
identifiers boxed (`Variant.Copy` re-boxes RolePermissions during
permission checks).

## Tests
- New `BinaryCodecAllocationTests`: round trips in buffer and stream
decoder mode, truncation errors, allocation per call (< 1 B/call over
20k calls; the counter can be off by an allocation quantum when other
tests GC).
- `Enum.ToObject` equivalence for `TryCastTo` and
`EventRecordFieldReaders.GetEnum` across all underlying types.
- net10.0 (third commit): Types 11465, affected Server 87, Client
subscription 642 passed; net48 Types 11458 passed, `UA.slnx` 0 warnings.
- net10.0: Types 11464, Core.Encoders 2947, Server 8386 passed; Core
6197 passed, 1 unrelated
(`ActivityTraceFlags_Metrics_ShouldRecordMetricsOnly`, passes alone).
- net48: Types 11457, Core.Encoders 2947, EventRecordFieldReaders 25
passed; `UA.slnx` builds with 0 warnings.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-09 14:35:57 +02:00
romanett 28f1401324 Server: cut request-path lock contention and allocation; add load harness (#4707)
Profiling the reference server under load showed most request-path CPU
spent spinning on contended locks, plus several avoidable allocations
per request or per node. This PR removes them, switches the reference
server to Server GC, and adds the load harness used to measure it.

## Results

Paired A/B against `master` (3 alternating rounds, medians, 20 sessions,
workstation GC on both sides, 24-core machine):

| Scenario | Throughput | p50 | p90 | Server CPU / op | Server alloc /
op | Lock contention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Read, 1 value | **+45%** (94k → 137k req/s) | −20% | −46% | −37% |
−39% | −94% |
| Read, 100 values | **+40%** | −26% | −17% | −24% | −25% | +130% ¹ |
| Read, 100 values, SignAndEncrypt | **+48%** | −36% | −20% | −30% |
−26% | +106% ¹ |
| Browse (Server object) | **+33%** | −31% | −12% | −13% | −14% | −40% |
| Write, 100 values | +13% | −12% | −4% | −10% | −19% | −23% |
| Data-change subscriptions | ±0 ² | ≈ | ≈ | −14% | −17% | −29% |

¹ The faster server spends more time in the remaining per-node locks.
² Throughput is bounded by the writer rate in this scenario.

Separately, Server GC instead of workstation GC doubles Read-100
throughput (21k → 44k req/s) and cuts p90 from 2.1 ms to 0.6 ms, because
workstation GC paused the server for about half the wall time under
load. The working set grows from ~210 MB to ~430 MB.

## Changes

- **`ObjectPool<T>`**: lock-free slot array. `ConcurrentBag.Count` took
every per-thread lock on each `Return` of the pooled response value-task
source, once per request.
- **`FairRequestQueue`**:
- drops redundant gate entries: the fail-fast pre-checks and the stopped
check read volatile fields and are re-checked under the gate; the owner
count is folded into selection;
- coalesces wake pulses with a pending flag, so the bounded signal
channel's lock is only taken when no token is outstanding. Wake-count
semantics in the tests are unchanged.
- **`DefaultServerResourceIsolationProvider`**:
  - compares peer addresses without `GetAddressBytes()` allocations;
- builds the unsecured verification context only when a classifier is
configured.
- **TCP listener / channel**: caches the certificate DER copies per
channel, keyed on the certificate instance. `X509Certificate2.RawData`
returns a fresh copy on every access, and the listener read it for every
request.
- **`EndpointBase`**: resolves the request `ActivitySource` once instead
of `Assembly.GetCallingAssembly()` per request.
- **Node managers**:
- one `ServerSystemContext` copy per request (cached on the
`OperationContext`) for per-node callbacks: permission metadata, node
metadata, view membership, method lookup;
  - removes a discarded copy in `GetReferenceDescriptionAsync`;
- per-request operation caches are plain `Dictionary` instead of a
`ConcurrentDictionary` with 24 lock objects;
  - the validation cache is built in one pass;
  - fixes zero-capacity error lists.
- **`ResourceManager`**: translation lookups read an immutable snapshot
that is rebuilt after writes. Browse serialised on the global lock for
every display name.
- **`MonitoredItem`**: shares the default `DataChangeFilter` instead of
allocating one per sampled value.
- **Reference server**: `ServerGarbageCollection=true`; new "Garbage
collector mode" section in `docs/ServerScalability.md`.
- **`perf/`**: `ServerLoadHarness` (out-of-process server plus load
driver, server-side CPU/GC/alloc/contention deltas, optional
`dotnet-trace` capture), `TraceAnalyzer` (TraceEvent-based
CPU/allocation/contention aggregation), and paired A/B scripts. Not part
of `UA.slnx`.

### Behaviour notes for custom node managers
- The `IDictionary<NodeId, NodeState>` operation cache handed to
overrides is now a `Dictionary`. It was a `ConcurrentDictionary`, but
only one request flow uses it.
- Within one request, per-node callbacks of a node manager share one
`ServerSystemContext` copy.

### Later commits on this PR
- **Permission checks without `NodeMetadata`** (`9068684c3`): the
role-permission and access-restriction validators run on an internal
`PermissionMetadata` struct; `AsyncCustomNodeManager` fills it on the
stack from the same attributes and namespace defaults. Browse's
reference filter reads 3 attributes per target instead of 13. Read 100
values: 120.6 → 95.7 KB/request, ~21k → 26k req/s; Browse 67.6 → 51.8
KB, 26.7k → 29.8k req/s.
- **Read-only channel evidence** (`936b28d76`, `dc638ab9f`):
`SecureChannelContext.ClientChannelCertificate`,
`ServerChannelCertificate` and `ChannelThumbprint` are `ByteString`, so
the cached per-channel certificate buffer is shared without a copy and
cannot be altered by handlers or classifiers. **Public API change**, see
the new section in `docs/MigrationGuide.md`. The isolation provider's
revalidation snapshot still copies.
- **Session lookup** (`936b28d76`):
`SessionManager.TryGetSessionContext` takes the candidate snapshot
without the bindings lock; the validating check under the lock is
unchanged (2 instead of 4 global lock acquisitions per request).
- Unit tests for `ObjectPool`, the per-request system context cache, the
translation snapshot, `SecureChannelContext` null semantics and a
stopped `FairRequestQueue`; `perf/` follows the repository conventions.

## Testing
- `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` (net10.0): 8386 passed before the `ByteString`
change. After it, 13 secure-session and isolation tests failed; both
causes are fixed in `dc638ab9f` and those tests (25 with their variants)
pass. A full rerun of the Server, Sessions, Core, Redundancy, LDS and
GDS suites on the final commit is in progress.
- Full solution builds for net10.0 and net48; `dotnet format whitespace`
clean.

### o6-automation opcua-benchmarks (sampling, deep pipelines)
Replicated both tests of the [o6-automation
benchmark](https://github.com/o6-automation/opcua-benchmarks) in the
harness (`--scenario counters`, and `read` with 10 clients × N
outstanding), paired against `origin/master`:

| Test | master | this PR |
|---|---|---|
| Subscription sampling, 100 Hz, every item ≥ 99 % of samples, 1 item |
FAIL (75–94 %) | PASS (100 %) |
| same, 1024 items | FAIL (64–73 %) | PASS (99.9 %) |
| same, capacity | — | between 4096 and 6144 items (~410–520k samples/s)
|
| Read, 10 clients × 100 outstanding, None | stalls (0–1.7k req/s) |
121–131k req/s |
| Read, 10 clients × 100 outstanding, SignAndEncrypt | stalls (0 req/s)
| 89–91k req/s |
| Read, 10 clients × 1000 outstanding | channels faulted
(`BadTcpNotEnoughResources`) | 0 errors, ~45–54k req/s |

- **Fixed-rate sampling** (`30b769d13`): the sampling loop waited one
interval after each sample, adding timer overshoot and sampling time to
every cycle; samples now have absolute deadlines.
- **Async response send** (`cdac5c5ca`): `SendResponse` blocked
thread-pool workers on the channel gate; with many requests in flight
the receive loop that was handed the gate waited for a pool thread and
the channel stalled. The TCP, Kestrel TCP and WebSocket listeners now
use `SendResponseAsync`.
- **Backpressure instead of channel fault** (`191cd2ba7`): server
channels stop reading while more than 100 responses are queued and
resume at 50, instead of faulting the channel. Client channels keep
reading. At 10,000 outstanding requests throughput is ~50k req/s with or
without the limit engaged, so the remaining gap to the 100-per-client
case is not the backpressure.

## Not changed
- `SentMessageQueue` deep-clones every `NotificationMessage`. Retained
messages return their pooled payloads on acknowledgement while the
response copy may still be queued for send, and a client can acknowledge
a sequence number before receiving it; the clone keeps a recycled
payload from reaching another session's response. Removing it needs a
send-completion hook from the transport.
- Generated responses allocate a default `ResponseHeader` that is
replaced (~2-3 % of per-request allocation). Fixing it means making
structure fields of every generated type lazily initialized, a
generator-wide change to default values, equality and encoding.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-09 13:00:49 +02:00
romanett 1fb1134974 Tests: scope MeterListeners to the meter under test (fix flaky ClientBaseTests metrics test) (#4708)
## Problem

`ClientBaseTests.ActivityTraceFlags_Metrics_ShouldRecordMetricsOnly`
failed intermittently in full-suite runs:

```
Expected: "opc.ua.client.request.duration"
But was:  "opc.ua.channel.reconnect.duration"
```

`TelemetryContextBase.CreateMeter()` returns a new `Meter` per call,
named after the calling assembly, so `ClientBase`'s meter and
`ClientChannelManagerMetrics`' meter are both named `Opc.Ua.Core`.
`TestMeterListener` enabled every instrument whose `Meter.Name` matched,
so reconnect-duration measurements from `[Parallelizable]` channel
manager fixtures were recorded and could precede the request duration.

## Fix (test-only)

- `ClientBaseTests.TestMeterListener`: enable instruments only when
`ReferenceEquals(instrument.Meter, meter)`, i.e. the meter instance the
client under test created. Assertions unchanged.
- `CryptoProviderModelTests.AuditorPublishesAProviderMetric`: same flaw
— it enabled every `opc.ua.crypto*` instrument process-wide (fixture is
`ParallelScope.All`), so another auditor's uncertified gauge could
overwrite the observed count. Now scoped to the auditor's own meter
(read via reflection, as `ClientBaseTests` already does for
`ClientBase`).

Other `MeterListener` users reviewed and left as-is: `NodeCacheTests` /
`AdapterMetricsTests` are non-parallel fixtures; channel manager
listeners only assert existence and filter by endpoint tag.

## Verification

- `ClientBaseTests` + `CryptoProviderModelTests`: 4× consecutive, 25/25.
- `FullyQualifiedName~Opc.Ua.Core.Tests.Stack` (net10.0): 2 clean
passes, 3548 passed / 80 skipped. One attempt hung in unrelated
`ClientChannelManagerManagedTests` async tests
(`ReconnectAsyncNotifiesAttachedParticipantsAsync` /
`ReleasingOneLeaseKeepsChannelAliveForOtherAsync`) and was rerun — a
separate intermittent hang.
- net48 build of `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests`: 0 warnings, 0 errors; `dotnet
format whitespace` clean.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-09 11:07:46 +02:00
romanett 7fe7794a19 Enable AES-GCM and ChaCha20-Poly1305 policies on net48 via BouncyCastle (stacked on #4703) (#4705)
> Follow-up to #4703 (now merged to master; this PR has been retargeted
to `master`).

Part of #4510. #4703 enabled the CBC ECC policies on net48 through a
BouncyCastle raw-ECDH polyfill. The AEAD policies were still unavailable
there because .NET Framework has no `AesGcm` or `ChaCha20Poly1305`. This
PR adds those ciphers the same way, so on net48 all of these are now
offered:
`ECC_{nistP256,nistP384,brainpoolP256r1,brainpoolP384r1}_AesGcm` /
`_ChaChaPoly`, `RSA_DH_AesGcm`, `RSA_DH_ChaChaPoly`.

## Changes
- **Polyfill**
`src/Opc.Ua.Security.Certificates/Org.BouncyCastle/AeadCiphers.cs`
(internal, `#if NETFRAMEWORK`, next to `EcdhRawAgreement`): `AesGcm` and
`ChaCha20Poly1305` types with the .NET 8 BCL surface. They wrap
BouncyCastle's `GcmBlockCipher(AesEngine)` and
`Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes.ChaCha20Poly1305`.
- A tag mismatch throws `CryptographicException`, never BC's
`InvalidCipherTextException`, so
`PlatformSymmetricCryptoProvider.DecryptAuthenticated` still returns
`false` and the channel still raises a protocol error.
- GCM releases plaintext blocks before it checks the tag, so plaintext
stays in a scratch buffer and is copied out only after the tag verifies.
On failure the destination is cleared, as the BCL does. Scratch buffers
and the key copy are zeroed.
- **Opc.Ua.Core**: aliases the polyfill types on `NETFRAMEWORK` and
removes the `NET8_0_OR_GREATER` gates in `SecurityPolicies`
(`SupportsAesGcmPolicy` / `SupportsChaCha20Poly1305Policy`),
`CryptoUtils` (`SymmetricEncryptAndSign` / `SymmetricDecryptAndVerify`,
AEAD helpers) and `PlatformSymmetricCryptoProvider`. The channel, the
provider facet and the encrypted ECC user tokens (`EncryptedSecret`,
through `CryptoUtils`) now run the same code on every target. .NET 8+
keeps the BCL ciphers.
- **FIPS** (requested by the #4703 session, after a2ecf13b1): under
`CryptoCompliancePolicy.FipsOnly`, `CryptoCompliance.IsPolicyPermitted`
now also withholds every AEAD policy on .NET Framework. That adds
`RSA_DH_AesGcm`, which is FIPS-approved and not ECC. The BouncyCastle
cipher runs outside any validated module and the user-token path
bypasses the provider registry, so the auditor cannot see it. Tests and
`docs/CryptoProvider.md` are updated to match.
- **Docs**: EccProfiles (Known Limitations), migration `certificates.md`
(and the bundled skill copy), ProductionChecklist, Profiles,
WhatsNewIn2.0, CryptoProvider. They state that on net48 these primitives
run in managed BouncyCastle, which is not a validated (FIPS) module and
not hardware-accelerated or hardened against cache-timing attacks like
CNG AES.

## Tests
- New `AeadPolyfillTests` (Core.Tests):
- Known answers: NIST GCM test cases 2/4 (AES-128) and 14/16 (AES-256),
plus RFC 8439 §2.8.2 for ChaCha20-Poly1305. They run through
`PlatformSymmetricCryptoProvider` on every TFM and through the polyfill
directly.
- Tampering with the tag, the ciphertext or the AAD gives `false` from
the provider, and `CryptographicException` with a cleared plaintext from
the polyfill.
  - Argument validation.
- **BCL cross-check:** on .NET 8+, Core.Tests also compiles
`AeadCiphers.cs` (`AEAD_POLYFILL_CROSSCHECK`, test-only
`BouncyCastle.Cryptography` reference). Polyfill and BCL must produce
identical ciphertext and tag, and each must decrypt the other's output:
3 algorithms × 8 message lengths (0 to 8192) × 3 AAD lengths.
- `CryptoProviderRegistryTests`: `RSA_DH_AesGcm` is permitted under
FipsOnly only off .NET Framework and withheld on it.
- Tests that `Assert.Ignore` when AEAD is unavailable now run on net48,
e.g. `EccSecretRejectsDifferentNegotiatedPolicyAsync` and the
`RSA_DH_AesGcm` server session tests.

### Local results
| Run | Result |
|---|---|
| Core.Tests net48, full (before the FIPS commit) | 6049 passed, 0
failed, 88 skipped |
| Core.Tests crypto/AEAD/ECC/EncryptedSecret/Nonce subset, net48 /
net10.0 | 278 / 343 passed, 0 skipped |
| Server.Tests session-security/ECC subset, net48 | 128 passed, 0
skipped |
| `EccInteropTests` net48 vs **open62541 1.5.8 (OpenSSL)** peer | all 16
AEAD cases pass, 4 of them two-renewal token-renewal runs
(`ECC_nistP256_AesGcm`/`_ChaChaPoly` × Sign/SignAndEncrypt ×
Anonymous/UserName, both directions). Remaining 8 failures are the
documented open62541 CBC Sign-only HKDF differences in
`expected-differences.json` |
| `EccInteropTests` net48 vs 1.5.378 LegacyPeer | unchanged 26 passed /
28 skipped |

Note on the acceptance criterion: the 1.5.378 LegacyPeer does not
implement the AEAD policies, so its
`_AesGcm`/`_ChaChaPoly`/`*AeadTokenRenewalAsync` cases skip on every TFM
("The peer (UA-.NETStandard) does not declare …"). Before this PR they
skipped on the 2.0 side; now they get past it and stop at the peer
check. The open62541 peer is the real cross-stack check of the net48
AEAD path against a non-BouncyCastle implementation.

## PubSub DTLS on net48
The DTLS 1.3 transport (`src/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp/Dtls`) was compiled out
on .NET Framework, so net48 registered no DTLS profiles. It now reuses
the same polyfills (`Opc.Ua.Security.Certificates` gains
`InternalsVisibleTo Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp`):
- The `NET8_0_OR_GREATER` gates in the handshake, ECDHE, record
protection and profile probe are removed.
- Two .NET 8 APIs get net48 fallbacks: the AES-ECB record-number mask
uses `CreateEncryptor`, and the handshake random uses
`RandomNumberGenerator.Create`.
- The HKDF probe now checks the managed `DtlsHkdf` that the key schedule
actually uses.
- The public `IsAeadSupported` / `IsRawSharedSecretSupported` probes are
kept and now return `true` everywhere.
- The DTLS tests now also run on net48. The net48 "registers no
profiles" test now asserts that the NIST AEAD profiles are registered.
The socket transport-peer tests and the benchmarks stay .NET 8-only
because they use .NET 8 socket APIs.
- `docs/PubSub.md` DTLS profile table: the net48 column is updated.

Results: PubSub.Udp.Tests net48, full suite: **229 passed, 0 skipped**.
It includes complete NIST AEAD, brainpool and integrity-only handshakes
and ChaCha20 records. The DTLS subset is 76 on net48 vs 81 on net10.0;
the 5 still-gated socket-peer tests are the difference.

Note: DTLS profile selection does not consult `CryptoCompliancePolicy`
on any target. That is pre-existing and unchanged here.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-09 06:30:14 +02:00
romanett 2ba58a8cbf WoT: move GeneratesEvent off Object instances (OPC 10000-3 §7.15) (#4706)
Fixes #4669.

OPC 10000-3 §7.15 says the SourceNode of `GeneratesEvent` "shall be an
ObjectType, a VariableType or a Method". CTT `Base Info Core Structure 2
001.js` flags every Object that is the source of one. #4667 fixed this
in the source generator. This PR fixes the three remaining WoT places.

### 1. WotCon asset registry
- `AssetRegistry.BuildEventNode` / `RemoveEventTypes` no longer add or
remove `GeneratesEvent` from the asset Object. Event delivery already
relies on `EventNotifier = SubscribeToEvents` and root-notifier
registration.
- Tests now assert the reference is **absent** and the notifier bit is
set. The re-apply test asserts that the old EventType node is gone.

### 2. WoT NodeSet converter (`src/Opc.Ua.Types/Wot`)
- **TD → NodeSet:** a last pass (`RelocateInstanceGeneratesEvent`) moves
forward `GeneratesEvent` references off an Object/Variable root:
- An event the bound type already declares needs nothing more. Matching
is by qualified BrowseName against the local context's declarations, the
same rule as the declaration merge.
- Any other event is declared by a synthesized non-abstract
`<rootLocal>Type`. It derives from the bound type (or from
`BaseObjectType` / `BaseDataVariableType` when the TD binds none) and
becomes the instance's `HasTypeDefinition`. A Variable root gets a
`UAVariableType` with the instance's DataType and ValueRank.
- Thing Models are unchanged: the projected type keeps its
`GeneratesEvent`.
- **NodeSet → TD:**
- An instance's event affordances are now collected from its type
definition and that type's supertypes. Instance-level `GeneratesEvent`
is still read for third-party NodeSets.
- In a single readable document, a type that only carries one instance's
events (only `HasSubtype` + `GeneratesEvent`, typing exactly one
instance) is not chosen as root. It is folded back: its supertype
becomes the type binding, and no link is written when that supertype is
the default base type. The TD → NodeSet → TD round trip stays readable,
with no `uav:nodes` fallback.
- A document set gives the carrier its own Thing Model, and the instance
TD binds to it.
- **Archive check:** an event affordance is accepted when the root's
type definition, or one of its supertypes, generates it.
- `docs/WoTNodeSetConversion.md` documents the behaviour in a new "Event
source" row.

### 3. Aggregation sample
- `SamplePump.NodeSet2.xml`: each pump is typed by its own `PumpType`
subtype, `ns=1;s=Pump1.Type` (`Pump_1Type`) and `Pump2.Type`, which
declares its alarm EventTypes.
- It is per pump because each pump owns its alarm EventTypes.
`Pump2.Type` is cloned with the rest of Pump2.
- The pumps keep `EventNotifier="1"` and no longer carry
`GeneratesEvent`.
- The checked-in documents are regenerated, adding
`sample-pump-pump-1type.json` / `-2type.json`. The pump TDs still list
the alarm event affordances.
- The sample binding lookup ignores Thing Models, because the type's TM
declares the same EventType as the pump TD. A declaration missing from
the instance still fails as before.
- Docs: `WoTConnectivity.md` (asset event affordances, §12.4.2) and
`WotBindings.md`. The `GeneratesEvent` clause in the sample-limitation
note was already stale, so I removed it.

### Runtime check
`WotNativeOwnershipIndex` only uses `GeneratesEvent` in its alias table.
Projected event routing takes the owner from `uav:componentOf` /
`uav:id` and the notifier from Parent/`HasNotifier`. Nothing in
`Opc.Ua.WotCon.Server` reads an instance-level `GeneratesEvent`.

### Tests (net10.0)
- `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests`: 11446 passed, 1 skipped. New
`WotInstanceEventSourceTests` covers object and variable roots, TMs, the
TD with no events, the folded round trip, the legacy instance reference
and the document set. Two bound-type cases were added to
`WotDeclarationMergeBoundaryTests`.
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Bindings.Tests`: 714 passed.
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Tests`: 1496 passed, including the byte-exact sample
regeneration tests.
- net48 build of both test projects is clean, and `dotnet format
whitespace` is clean.

Not run: CTT `Base Info Core Structure 2 001.js` (p02-base-info) against
a WotCon server.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-08 20:57:20 +00:00
romanett 1da9fc0543 Redundancy.Server session mirroring: fix fast reconnect lifecycle (#4627) (#4704)
Fixes #4627 — the eight Redundancy.Server session mirroring defects
(HotAndMirrored fast reconnect).

## Changes

| ID | Fix |
|----|-----|
| RS-1 | The owning replica mirrors a liveness heartbeat
(`LastContactAt`), written at most once per quarter of the session
timeout while the client uses the session
(`DistributedSessionOptions.LivenessInterval`, default 1 s). A restore
expires the timeout after the later of the last activation and the last
mirrored contact, plus the heartbeat's maximum lag. |
| RS-2 | Entries record their owning replica (`OwnerId`). Only the owner
mirrors and deletes the entry. A restore takes ownership with a
conditional write. A stale copy on the previous replica is dropped
without deleting the entry, both when its heartbeat sees the change and
when the client fails back to it. `ISharedSessionStore` gains
`TryReplaceAsync`, `TryRemoveAsync` and `EnumerateAsync`. Over a store
without CAS (the CRDT gossip store) they fall back to
compare-then-write. |
| RS-3 | A restored session keeps the SessionId from `CreateSession`:
`Session.RequestedId`, and `DiagnosticsNodeManager` honours a requested
id when it is free. `DistributedSessionManager` mints GUID SessionIds
that are unique across the replica set. Continuation points therefore
stay under one owner id across repeated failovers. |
| RS-4 | Sessions whose user token is encrypted with an ECC/RSA-DH
EphemeralKey are flagged. Their restore is rejected up front
(`EphemeralKeyUnavailable`), before anything is consumed or counted as a
failed authentication. The documented option from the issue was chosen
over mirroring ephemeral private keys. |
| RS-5 | New `SessionManager.AdmitRestoredSessionAsync` hook: the
mirrored nonce is consumed only after the restored activation has passed
the signature, identity and continuity checks. If a restored session's
first activation fails, the session is discarded without the virtual
close, so the shared entry is untouched. Restored copies that are not
admitted now also release their diagnostics node, and
`CurrentSessionCount` is balanced for restored sessions. |
| RS-6 | Expired entries are deleted on restore and by a periodic sweep
(`SweepInterval`, default 5 min). The sweep also purges consumed-nonce
markers that no live entry references and that are older than
`NonceMarkerRetention` (default 1 h), via
`ISingleUseNonceRegistry.PurgeAsync`. |
| RS-7 | `SharedKeyValueSessionStore` and
`DistributedSessionManagerFactory` now throw for an external store
without an `IRecordProtector`, as the DI registration already does. Pass
`NullRecordProtector.Instance` to opt out explicitly. |
| RS-8 | Entries carry the original server certificate. A restored
session accepts a client signature over either that certificate or its
own one (`Session.OriginalServerCertificate`). |

Entries are now written at `SecurityStateVersion` 5. Entries at versions
3 and 4 can still be restored, without an owner.

### API changes (Redundancy.Server)
- New members on `ISharedSessionStore` and `ISingleUseNonceRegistry`.
- An optional `TimeProvider` parameter on
`SharedSingleUseNonceRegistry`.
- New `DistributedSessionOptions` properties.
- `SharedSessionEntry` v5 fields.
- `SharedKeyValueSessionStore` and `DistributedSessionManagerFactory`
throw for external stores without a protector.

## Tests
- New unit tests for every finding: the
restore/heartbeat/ownership/sweep/SessionId paths of
`DistributedSessionManager`; store conditional writes, the CAS fallback
and v5 round-trips; the registry purge; the factory/store guard; base
`SessionRestoreTests` (admitted once, discarded on validation failure or
rejected admission); and `SessionOriginalServerCertificateTests`.
- New end-to-end test
`SessionUsedPastItsTimeoutFailsOverWithItsSessionIdAsync`. The client
uses the session for 2× its timeout, then fails over. The test checks
that the SessionId is preserved and that the standby serves that
SessionId and owns the entry. It also closes the stale copy and checks
the entry survives. With the heartbeat disabled, the test fails as
expected.
- Local net10.0 runs: Redundancy.Server.Tests 883/883, Server.Tests 8347
passed / 5 skipped, Sessions.Tests 849 passed / 379 skipped (the usual
baseline). The net48 build is clean. The Redundancy session tests pass
on net48; the ECC-only cases are skipped there.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 21:54:14 +02:00
romanett d552634258 Enable ECC security policies on net48 via a BouncyCastle raw-ECDH polyfill (#4703)
Closes #4510.

## Summary

OPC UA Part 6 feeds the **raw** ECDH shared secret into HKDF. .NET
Framework only exposes `ECDiffieHellman.DeriveKeyMaterial`, which always
hashes it, so the ECC SecureChannel and user-token policies were
unavailable on `net48` (`SecurityPolicies.GetInfo` returned `null`).

This adds a BouncyCastle polyfill for just that primitive:

-
**`Opc.Ua.Security.Certificates/Org.BouncyCastle/EcdhRawAgreement.cs`**
(`net48` only): an internal `DeriveRawSecretAgreement(this
ECDiffieHellman, ECDiffieHellmanPublicKey)` extension using
`ECDHBasicAgreement`. It returns the X coordinate padded to the field
size, exactly like the .NET 8 BCL method. Keys stay CNG keys; ECDSA
signatures and HKDF stay on the platform — only the agreement step is
managed code. The point is validated (on curve, not infinity) and
mismatched curves are rejected.
- Because the extension mirrors the .NET 8 signature,
`Nonce.GenerateSecret` now has one code path on every target.
- `SupportsRawEccSecretAgreement()` is removed; the CBC-based ECC
policies (`ECC_nistP256`, `ECC_nistP384`, `ECC_brainpoolP256r1`,
`ECC_brainpoolP384r1`) are offered on every target (still subject to OS
curve support).
- BouncyCastle was already a `net48` dependency of
`Opc.Ua.Security.Certificates`; no new package. (Only `net48` is
downlevel now — `netstandard2.1`/`net472` from the issue text are no
longer targets.)

**Not in scope:** the `_AesGcm` / `_ChaChaPoly` ECC variants (and PubSub
DTLS) still need .NET 8 because .NET Framework has no AEAD ciphers —
follow-up stacked on this branch.

## Docs

`EccProfiles.md` (Known limitations), `migrate/2.0.x/certificates.md`,
`ProductionChecklist.md`, `Profiles.md`, `WhatsNewIn2.0.md`. Calls out
that on `net48` the agreement step does not run in a FIPS/validated
module.

## Tests (local)

| Suite | Result |
|---|---|
| `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` full, net48 | 5956 passed, 0 failed |
| `EccInteropTests` net48 vs 1.5.378 peer (net8.0, native raw ECDH) | 26
passed; 28 skipped (AEAD + curve25519/448) — all four CBC curves, both
directions, UserName tokens, token renewal |
| `Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` ECC filter, net48 | 52 passed, 0 failed |
| Server `SessionCoverageTests`/`EphemeralNonce*`, Configuration builder
tests, net48 | all pass |
| Nonce/ECC/EncryptedSecret + session tests, net10.0 | all pass |

New tests: symmetric agreement on all four curves; on net48 an oracle
against CNG (`SHA256(raw) == DeriveKeyFromHash`); curve mismatch and
off-curve rejection. Tests that asserted the old net48 limitation were
updated.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 21:52:44 +02:00
romanett 78e66f3473 Aggregates: TreatUncertainAsBad never applies to bounding values; DurationGood/Bad count Good/Bad regions only (#4702)
# Description

Server-side aggregate fixes that follow three answers from the OPC
Foundation on Mantis:
- [11462](https://mantis.opcfoundation.org/view.php?id=11462)
(~0025840): TreatUncertainAsBad does not apply to bounding values.
- [11425](https://mantis.opcfoundation.org/view.php?id=11425)
(~0025847): DurationGood counts only Good regions and DurationBad only
Bad regions, and TreatUncertainAsBad does not apply.
- [11426](https://mantis.opcfoundation.org/view.php?id=11426)
(~0025852): Minimum, Maximum, the ActualTime variants and Range look at
Uncertain values as if they are Good.

The principle in 11425 and 11426 is that the aggregate definition wins
over TreatUncertainAsBad. The CTT-side defects are filed as
[11487](https://mantis.opcfoundation.org/view.php?id=11487).

### Bounding values (`AggregateCalculator`,
`StartEndAggregateCalculator`)
- Simple (§3.1.9) and Interpolated (§3.1.8) Bounding Values are formed
from **non-Bad** raw values (`IsBoundCandidate`), whatever
TreatUncertainAsBad is.
- An Uncertain raw value before or after the timestamp makes the bound
`UncertainDataSubNormal`.
- A raw value exactly at the timestamp is the bound and keeps its own
status.
- Only a **Bad** value after a Simple bound reverts to stepped
interpolation.
- StartBound/EndBound keep an Uncertain bound instead of `Bad_NoData`
(Tables 76/77).
- WorstQuality2 now includes an Uncertain start bound, as §5.4.3.36
requires ("the server shall ignore the TreatUncertainAsBad for this
aggregate").

### How aggregates use the values (unchanged rule, two gaps closed)
TreatUncertainAsBad still governs how an aggregate uses the values
inside the interval, including an Uncertain bound.
- `GetRegionsInValueSet` now also converts an Uncertain **first** region
to Bad for Simple-bound aggregates. TimeAverage2/Total2 therefore omit
it like any other Uncertain region (§5.4.3.7, Table 55 "Bound
Uncertain").
- TimeAverage/Total (Interpolated bounds) still use an Uncertain bound
and report Uncertain (Table 54).
- TimeAverage2/Total2 return the PercentTime status `Bad` instead of
`Bad_NoData` for an interval that has data but only omitted data
(§5.4.3.2.1).
- Minimum2/Maximum2 are unchanged: an Uncertain bound is a candidate
only when TreatUncertainAsBad is false (§5.4.3.15).

### NumberOfTransitions (`CountAggregateCalculator`)
§5.4.3.24 speaks only of "non-Bad" values, and Table 72 says "Bound
Uncertain: Use as value". So:
- Uncertain values are counted and can be the previous value, whatever
TreatUncertainAsBad is.
- The previous value is the nearest non-Bad value before the interval
(the early bound).

This reverses an earlier change that made NumberOfTransitions honour
TreatUncertainAsBad.

### Minimum, Maximum, MinimumActualTime, MaximumActualTime, Range
(`MinMaxAggregateCalculator`)
Per the 11426 answer:
- Every non-Bad value is a candidate, whatever TreatUncertainAsBad is.
- An Uncertain extremum is returned with `UncertainDataSubNormal` plus
Calculated. ActualTime keeps the timestamp of the first such value.
- Otherwise the status is Good unless the interval contains Bad values
(then `UncertainDataSubNormal`); it is `BadNoData` if all values are
Bad.
- Range is max − min over the non-Bad values. It is Uncertain if either
extremum is Uncertain or Bad values exist.

Before this change the server ignored an Uncertain value beyond the Good
extremum and returned the Good one with an Uncertain status.
Minimum2/Maximum2/Range2 are unchanged, because §5.4.3.15 ties them to
TreatUncertainAsBad explicitly.

### DurationGood/DurationBad/PercentGood/PercentBad
(`StatusAggregateCalculator`)
- A region is Good only if its data point is Good, and Bad only if it is
Bad.
- Uncertain counts for neither (§5.4.3.31–34).
- The first region still takes the status of the raw value at or before
the start.

### Tests
- New `Aggregates/BoundingValueTreatUncertainAsBadTests`: DeltaBounds,
StartBound/EndBound, TimeAverage2/Total2, Interpolative,
NumberOfTransitions (forward and reverse),
DurationGood/Bad/PercentGood/Bad.
- New Min/Max test for Bad-only and Bad-next-to-Good intervals.
- Updated tests that encoded the old interpretation:
  - Interpolative with an Uncertain raw value at the start: 2 tests.
  - Duration/Percent Good/Bad: 2 tests.
  - NumberOfTransitions with TreatUncertainAsBad: 2 tests.
- Minimum/Maximum/Range with an Uncertain extremum or only Uncertain
values: 2 tests in Server.Tests, 1 in History.Tests.
- `ProcessedReadUsesAdvertisedNodeAggregateDefaultsAsync`: it now probes
the TreatUncertainAsBad default with Count, because PercentGood no
longer depends on it.

### CTT verification
CTT 1.05.513 with the patched scripts (c3674ff, which encode the
11462/11425/11426 answers), Aggregates part (p06):

| Server | Errors | Warnings | Pass | NotImpl |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| master fa06c66db | 185 | 1 | 1078 | 3 |
| this branch (854769a0c) | **0** | 2 | 1262 | 3 |

The 185 errors on master break down as:
- Bounds: DeltaBounds 9, StartBound 12, EndBound 12, WorstQuality2 11,
TimeAverage2 5, Total2 5, Interpolative 1.
- Duration*/Percent*: DurationBad 18, PercentBad 18, DurationGood 4,
PercentGood 4.
- Minimum/Maximum/MinimumActualTime/MaximumActualTime/Range: 70.
- NumberOfTransitions: 16.

The 2 warnings on this branch are ActivateSession response-delay
warnings in `initialize.js`, caused by machine load.

Alarms & Conditions (p18) failed intermittently on PR builds: in the
Refresh2, Shelving and Exclusive/Non-Exclusive Level CUs, subscriptions
were lost or filtered events were missing. The same clean build of
854769a0c failed once (3 errors) and passed once (0 errors). The PR with
`src/Opc.Ua.Server/Aggregates` reverted passed, and master passes too.
These failures are A&C flakiness on a heavily loaded shared machine and
are not caused by this PR, whose code runs only in HistoryRead and
aggregate-filter MonitoredItems.

Full 23-part CTT run against this branch (854769a0c, patched scripts
c3674ff/c341918): **1 error in total**, GDS Application Directory
`019.js`, a known CTT native-stack defect (Mantis 11409) that also fails
on master. Aggregates (p06) and Alarms & Conditions (p18) have 0 errors,
and no test case went from Pass to Error compared with master.

### Reviewer notes
- §3.1.7 says *"In all cases the TreatUncertainAsBad (see 4.2.1.2) flag
is used to determine whether Uncertain values are Bad or non-Bad."* This
branch follows the answer to 11462, which states that the flag does not
apply to bounding values. This is documented in `plans/ctt-issues.md`
(U4).
- TimeAverage2/Total2 still apply TreatUncertainAsBad to an Uncertain
start bound when they use it: Table 55 says "Bound Uncertain: Treated as
any other Uncertain value", and the definition omits non-Good data. This
includes a start bound that is Uncertain only because the raw value
after it is Bad.
- Not in scope: `CastToOriginalType` uses `Convert.ToInt32(double)`
(banker's rounding), whereas Part 4 §7.7.3 says to add 0.5 and truncate.
The two differ only at .5 and for negative values.

## Related Issues

- Mantis 11462, 11425 (answers implemented), 11487 (CTT side)

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
(Aggregate/Historian tests of Opc.Ua.Server.Tests and
Opc.Ua.History.Tests on net10.0; net48 build only)
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 21:49:13 +02:00
romanett 9b034f8291 Enable nullable reference types centrally; migrate all unset and annotations-only projects (#4700)
# Description

Nullable reference types are now enabled once, in `common.props`, and
every project in the repository builds warning-clean with them.

**Configuration**
- `<Nullable>enable</Nullable>` lives in `common.props`. All per-project
`<Nullable>` settings are removed: 178 project files (enable,
annotations, and the `disable` in the three Aot test projects).
- 419 per-file `#nullable enable`/`restore` directives and the 4
`#nullable disable` directives are removed.
- Kept on purpose:
- The 5 `<auto-generated>` schema files (`UANodeSet.cs`, `UA Type
Dictionary.cs`, `OPCBinarySchema.cs`, `SecuredApplication.cs`,
`PInvokeHelper.cs`) keep `#nullable enable`. The compiler ignores the
project setting in generated code, so the directive is required there.
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Interop.LegacyPeer` keeps `disable`. It builds against
the 1.5.378 packages and does not import the repository props.
- `docs/DeveloperGuide.md` and `.github/copilot-instructions.md` now
describe the central setting.

**Migration** (the 43 unset and 13 annotations-only projects, roughly
10k diagnostics)
- **Production code: annotated at the declarations.** Covers
`tools/Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core`, `src/Opc.Ua.Lds.Server` and the
LDS sample.
- Members, parameters and returns are nullable where null actually
flows.
- Null-check helpers carry `[NotNullWhen]` (`IsNull`, `IsValidXmlName`,
`IsMethodTypeDesign`).
- `CoreUtils.Format`, `Utils.Format`, `ITemplateWriter.WriteLine` take
`params object?[]`. `Template.AddReplacement` takes `string?` (rendering
already skips null replacements).
- `IRegisteredServerStore.RegisterAsync` returns
`Task<RegistrationEntry?>`: it returns null when a registration is
removed.
- Dereferences backed by an invariant (for example, the validated model)
use `!`, so runtime behaviour is unchanged.
- **Behavioural changes in production code** (small, deliberate):
- `NodeSetToModelDesign` throws `InvalidOperationException` when the
file is not a NodeSet. Before, it threw a NullReferenceException on the
next line.
- `ModelDesignValidator` starts its lookup tables empty instead of null.
A redundant `if (m_nodes == null) return;` guard is gone.
- **Test code: minimal annotations.**
  - `?` on values that can be null, `!` where the test asserts non-null.
  - `= null!` for fixture members assigned in SetUp.
- `TryGetStructure<T>(out T? x)` where the inferred `T?` broke the
`IEncodeable` constraint.
- A few redundant `== null` checks on structs (`NodeId`, `ArrayOf<T>`)
folded into the adjacent `IsNull`/`Count` checks.

**Notes for reviewers**
- The diff is large (~1,500 files) but almost entirely mechanical: `?`,
`!` and directive removal. The non-annotation changes are listed above.
- Known follow-up, not done here:
`IModelDesign.Namespaces/TargetNamespace/NamespaceUris` stay
non-nullable even though the validator returns null before it loads a
dictionary. Making them nullable would ripple through every generator
call site.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4439

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

The "no new warnings" box covers net10.0 and net48: full non-incremental
builds of `UA.slnx`, `tools/SourceGeneration.slnx`,
`tools/MigrationAnalyzer.slnx` and the Aot test projects finished with 0
warnings and 0 errors under the repository's warnings-as-errors
settings. net9.0 and net8.0 also had no nullable diagnostics, but they
were not rebuilt after the final fixes. Tests have not been run locally
yet.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 08:48:13 +02:00
romanett cd4dbbe66e WebApi: apply the REST auth opt-ins to the opcua+openapi WebSocket upgrade (#4699)
# Description

Follow-up to #4674 for the WebSocket side of the OpenAPI binding.

- **Plain `opcua+openapi` upgrade uses the REST auth.** When
`AddWebApiBasicAuth` / `AddWebApiBearerAuth` / `AddWebApiMutualTlsAuth`
is configured, the upgrade runs the same default authorization policy as
the REST route group (`RequireAuthorization()`), because the upgrade is
dispatched by the listener after routing. Requests that don't satisfy it
get the schemes' challenge (401 + `WWW-Authenticate`) or 403. Without an
auth opt-in the behaviour is unchanged.
- **Upstream identity on the channel.** For both `opcua+openapi` and
`opcua+openapi+<accesstoken>`, the authenticated principal is mapped
through `ISessionlessIdentityProvider` into
`SecureChannelContext.UpstreamIdentity`, as the REST routes already do
per request.
- **Token lifetime.** A credential whose `exp` claim has already passed
is refused at upgrade, also within the JwtBearer clock skew, and the
socket is closed when the token expires.
- **Refused upgrades complete their response.** Before, the admission
lease aborted the connection when an upgrade was refused, so clients
could see a connection reset instead of the 401/503. Refused upgrades on
HTTP/1.x now carry `Connection: close` and Kestrel closes the connection
after sending the response.

The other WebSocket sub-protocols (`opcua+uacp`, `opcua+uajson`) and the
HTTPS binary/JSON endpoint are unchanged: per Part 6 §7.4 they
authenticate through the OPC UA session layer, not HTTP credentials.

## Tests

New cases in `RealHttpsListenerIntegrationTests.Authentication.cs`
against a real `HttpsTransportListener`:
- the plain upgrade for Basic, Bearer and mTLS with no, wrong,
wrong-scheme and valid credentials (status, challenge, and that nothing
reaches the server callback);
- `UpstreamIdentity` set for both `opcua+openapi` variants;
- an expired token, in the `Authorization` header and in the
sub-protocol;
- the socket closing when the token expires.

Locally on net10.0: `Opc.Ua.Bindings.Https.WebApi.Tests` 499/499,
`Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` (Wss/OpenApi/Https) 243/243, `Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests`
(Wss/Https/WebApi) 53/53. `Opc.Ua.Bindings.Https` builds on all TFMs
with 0 warnings.

## Related Issues

- Follow-up to #4674

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 06:20:17 +02:00
romanett b8f07843b2 Secure channel: never answer with an expired token; accept a just-expired one (+ labelled soak/stress CI) (#4698)
## Summary

**Secure channel: a client could drop the channel when the server
answered with a just-expired token.** Running the long-dormant
ConnectionStability soak locally, the subscription channel shut down
with `BadSecureChannelClosed`. The session then timed out and the
subscription was abandoned. Root cause, against OPC 10000-4 §5.6.2.1:

1. **Server (rule 2: use the old token only "until the SecurityToken
expires").** After a renew, the server keeps securing messages with the
old token until the client sends something secured with the new one.
That activation only happened on *receive*. A client that sends nothing,
for example one whose Publish requests are all outstanding, kept getting
responses secured with the old token after it expired.
2. **Client (rule 3: "accept Messages secured by an expired
SecurityToken for up to 25 % of the token lifetime").** The client
rejected any such response the moment the token expired, throwing
`BadTcpSecureChannelUnknown`, and shut the channel down.

From the failing run (token lifetime 10 s): the client renewed to token
#11 at 09:59:01.686 and sent nothing on that channel afterwards. The
server, still on #10, sent a Publish response at 09:59:04.389, 380 ms
after #10 expired. The client rejected it and closed the channel.
Nothing reconnected, the 10 s session timeout expired, and the server
abandoned the subscription.

Both halves date back to the 2016 initial commit; this is not a recent
regression. It hits whenever the client sends nothing on the channel
between renewing and the old token's expiry, so it is timing-dependent.

### Fix
- `UaSCBinaryChannel.ActivateRenewedTokenIfDue()` activates a pending
renewed token once the current one passes `TokenActivationPeriod` (95
%). This is the rule the receive path already applied. It is now shared,
and `TcpServerChannel.SendResponse` calls it before securing a response.
- `ReadSymmetricMessage` accepts responses (not requests) secured with
an expired token for `TcpMessageLimits.TokenExpiryGracePeriod` (25 %) of
its lifetime.

### Tests
`TcpReconnectKeyAgreementTests` now runs the server channel and the peer
on one shared `FakeTimeProvider`:
- `ResponseSentAfterTheCurrentTokenExpiresUsesTheRenewedTokenAsync`: a
response sent at 96 % of the old token's lifetime is secured with the
renewed token.
-
`ResponseSecuredWithTheExpiredTokenIsAcceptedWithinTheGracePeriodAsync`:
accepted at 120 % of the lifetime, rejected at 130 %.

Both fail without the fix. All 40 tests in the fixture pass with it.

## CI: soak and stress runs on labelled PRs (and the soak that tested
nothing)

The bug stayed hidden because `stability-test.yml` still filtered
`Opc.Ua.Client.Tests` after #3810 moved the test to
`Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` (2026-05-28). Since then the nightly has run
**zero tests** while reporting green: runs dropped from ~100 min to ~15
min.

- `stability-test.yml` now targets `Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` and writes a
TRX file.
- New `.github/scripts/assert-tests-ran.ps1`, used by all three opt-in
workflows, fails a run in which no test executed, or none passed.
Contract-tested in `CiAssertTestsRanTests`.
- Like `interop`, the opt-in workflows can now run on a labelled PR.
They are not required checks. A later push cancels the run in progress,
and adding an unrelated label neither starts nor cancels a run.

| Label | Workflows | Run on a PR |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `stress` | Stress Tests (ChaosTCP) | Random seed, saved as
`chaos-seed.txt` in the results artifact |
| `soak` | Connection Stability Test, Sample HA Long-Haul Test | 30 min
stability; 15 min per HA scenario |

## Test plan

- [x] `TcpReconnectKeyAgreementTests`: 40/40 pass; the 2 new tests fail
without the fix
- [x] All `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests.Stack` tests (net10.0): 3548 passed, 0
failed
- [x] `CiAssertTestsRanTests`: 4/4
- [x] `soak` + `stress` labelled run on this PR (before the fix): both
stability tests, both HA long-haul scenarios and ChaosTCP passed on
Linux (the label triggers and push-cancellation work)
- [x] Local short-haul soak with the fix (Windows, 10 s tokens), 2 runs:
both pass with full notification counts; run 2 hit the window once
(`Token activated forced` on send) and kept the channel
- [x] `soak` + `stress` labelled run with the fix: Connection Stability
(2 tests), Sample HA Long-Haul and ChaosTCP all pass

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 19:14:25 +02:00
romanett e5b6d1352d Fix CI test flakes: WotCon end-to-end timeout and HTTPS listener port race (#4697)
Fixes two CI test failures. Both changes are test-only.

## WotCon: `UnavailableUpstreamEndpointFailsMappedReadAsync` timed out
on Windows Debug
This test failed the same way in two nightlies in a row (runs
[37171493229](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37171493229)
and
[36287479915](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/36287479915),
`test-windows-net10.0-debug`, 4m06s). It threw `TaskCanceledException`
instead of the expected `ServiceResultException`.

The read did not hang. The cancellation came from the test's own
4-minute token, which is passed into `ReadAsync`. That budget covers the
whole workflow:
- Uploading and refreshing the 533 sample documents takes about 3m45s on
a Windows Debug runner.
- On Windows, each refused loopback connect to the unavailable upstream
costs about 2s, because of SYN retries. The mapped read touches 9
SourceA nodes, and each one tries twice, which adds about 36s.

Same commit on other legs: Windows Release passed at 2m35s, Linux Debug
at 3m53s.

This test and `BadTargetMappingFailsRefreshAsync` (3m52s on the same
leg) now use the 8-minute budget the other full-workflow tests already
have. The assertions are unchanged.

## HTTPS: `RealHttpsListenerIntegrationTests` failed with AddressInUse
on macOS
Run
[37581622082](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37581622082)
failed in `test-macos-net10.0` with `Failed to bind to address
https://[::]:49402: address already in use`. The failing tests were
`AllBindingsForwardObservedPeerAddressAsync` (3 cases) and
`AuthOptInIsEnforcedByRealHttpsListenerAsync`.

`FindAvailableTcpPort()` probed `127.0.0.1:0`, closed the socket and
handed the port to Kestrel, which then binds `[::]:port`. The port is in
the ephemeral range, so another process could take it between the probe
and the bind. Nothing retried.

Changes:
- The setup and the auth listener open the listener through a new
`OpenListenerOnFreePortAsync` helper. On AddressInUse it disposes the
listener and retries with a fresh listener and a new port, up to 5
attempts. The AddressInUse check uses the same matching as
`ServerFixtureUtils.IsPortUnavailable`.
- The port probe now uses `TcpListener.Create(0)`, a dual-mode IPv6 any
socket, so it checks the same address Kestrel binds.

## Testing
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Samples.Tests`, both affected tests: pass on net10.0 in
Debug and Release.
- `Opc.Ua.Bindings.Https.WebApi.Tests`: 483/483 pass on net10.0. The
retry path was checked by forcing a taken port on the first probe.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 18:21:05 +02:00
romanett 731600801a Release: stop retrying 404s in the feed gates; keep GitHub Release notes under the size limit (#4696)
# Description

`Release to nuget.org` [run
37591540644](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37591540644)
was the stable 2.0.0 promotion. It spent more than an hour in **Verify
already-published package identity**. It pushed every package to both
feeds and created the `2.0.0` tag, then
[failed](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37591540644/job/112693955843)
in **Tag published package candidate** before the GitHub Release
existed. This PR fixes both problems.

## 1. Feed gates retried every 404

PowerShell 7's `Invoke-WebRequest -MaximumRetryCount` retries every
status from 400 to 599, and that includes 404. `-SkipHttpErrorCheck`
stops the error from being thrown but doesn't stop the retries. Both
feed gates ask once per package whether an id/version is published, and
404 is the normal "not yet" answer. Each absent package therefore cost 3
retries × 5 s, about 15 s. A stable set is never pushed automatically,
so for 2.0.0 every package, `.Debug` included, was absent on **both**
feeds.

- `package-version-policy.ps1`: adds `Invoke-FeedRequest`. It retries
only network failures, 408, 429 and 5xx, and returns every other
response straight away. After the last retry it returns the final
response, or rethrows the network error.
- `assert-published-packages-match.ps1` and
`validate-preview-package-ordering.ps1` call it instead of
`Invoke-WebRequest -MaximumRetryCount 3 -RetryIntervalSec 5`. The status
handling in each caller is unchanged, so the gates still fail closed:
anything other than 200 or 404 still blocks.
-
`PackageVersionPolicyTests.GetGitHubPackagesPublishedVersionPagesResultsAndFailsClosedAsync`
now dot-sources the policy script so the extracted function can find
`Invoke-FeedRequest`. The `Invoke-WebRequest` stub still intercepts the
call.
- New stub-based tests check that `Invoke-FeedRequest` makes one request
for 200/400/403/404 and retries 408/429/5xx exactly `MaximumRetryCount`
times. They also check that it stops once a retry is not transient,
rethrows an exhausted network failure and passes `-OutFile` with
`-PassThru`.

| Response | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| 404 | 4 requests, 15 s | 1 request, immediate (live nuget.org: 0.58 s)
|
| 403 | 4 requests | 1 request |
| 503 / 429 | retried 3× | retried 3× (unchanged) |
| connection refused | — | retried, then rethrown |

## 2. GitHub Release body too long

```
HTTP 422: Validation Failed (https://api.github.com/repos/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/releases)
body is too long (maximum is 125000 characters)
```

`gh release create --generate-notes` diffs against the latest release
when no previous tag is given. Here that was `1.5.378.182`, which is on
another branch, so the generated notes for 2.0.0 came to 191,048
characters.

The step now calls `POST /releases/generate-notes` with
`previous_tag_name` from the new `Get-PreviousReleaseTag` helper in
`package-version-policy.ps1`. It picks the greatest same-major semantic
version strictly lower than the tag, ignoring non-semver tags like
1.5.378.x, so a servicing 2.0.1 published after 2.1.0 still diffs
against 2.0.0. For 2.0.0 that is `2.0.0-preview.2`, and the notes come
to 31,408 characters (measured against the real repo; that call has no
side effects). If a body still exceeds 120,000 characters, it is cut at
a line boundary and a compare link is appended. The tag and release
checks are idempotent, and the pushes use `--skip-duplicate` and verify
identity, so re-running the promotion finishes the release.

**For run 37591540644 to pass:** the dispatch runs `release.yml` from
`release/2.0`, so these changes have to reach `release/2.0` before the
promotion is re-run.

## Verification

- All 3 scripts parse with 0 errors. The modified workflow step also
parses, and the YAML loads.
- Live nuget.org: absent version → 404 in 0.58 s; package index → 200.
httpbin 503 with `-RetryIntervalSec 1`: retried, 503 after 4.7 s.
- `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Tools.Tests`: 939 passed (1 skipped) on
net10.0, plus net8/9/48.

## Related Issues

- No issue; found investigating run 37591540644.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 18:19:19 +02:00
Klaus Landsdorf fa55157ce4 Server: hold anonymous session-less requests to the channel security of CreateSession (#4689)
# Description

`AddSessionlessInvocation(o => o.AllowAnonymous = true)` (#4659) lets a
request without an Access Token run as an anonymous user. OPC 10000-4
§6.3.1 allows that only "if application authentication through the
SecureChannel is sufficient". On HTTPS the channel gave no such
authentication: on an endpoint with mutual TLS and a SignAndEncrypt
policy, a session-less request without a TLS client certificate and
without an Access Token was answered `Good`, over the REST binding and
over the binary POST with `OPCUA-SecurityPolicy: Basic256Sha256`.
`CreateSession` on the same endpoint answers `Bad_SecurityChecksFailed`
without the certificate, and ActivateSession on a new channel does too
(OPC 10000-6 §7.4.1: applications that use HTTPS and require application
authentication check the application certificates during the
CreateSession/ActivateSession handshake).

This PR makes a session-less request without an Access Token meet what
the endpoint demands of a Session. #4659 is merged, in no release tag
and opt-in, so this is a change to a new feature; the default
`AllowAnonymous = false` is not affected.

## Changes

### `SessionManager.ValidateSessionlessRequestAsync`
(`src/Opc.Ua.Server/Session/SessionManager.cs`)

With `AllowAnonymous`, a request without an Access Token now needs:

| Check | Where it applies | Status otherwise | Same as |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| The client certificate of the channel
(`SecureChannelContext.ClientChannelCertificate`) | endpoints with a
security mode or policy other than None, and HTTPS endpoints when
`HttpsMutualTls` is set | `Bad_SecurityChecksFailed` | CreateSession on
the HTTPS listener; ActivateSession on a new channel |
| An Anonymous user token policy on the endpoint (an endpoint without
policies does not restrict) | every endpoint |
`Bad_IdentityTokenRejected` | ActivateSession with an anonymous identity
token |
| An endpoint on the channel | every request |
`Bad_SecurityModeInsufficient` | the same request with an Access Token |

- The certificate is the one the transport has validated: the
SecureChannel certificate of opc.tcp and opc.wss, the TLS client
certificate of the HTTPS listener (REST, binary, JSON). So opc.tcp
channels with security keep working as they did, and an HTTPS client
that wants an anonymous session-less call presents its application
certificate in the TLS handshake.
- An HTTPS listener without `HttpsMutualTls` advertises SecurityMode
None without an Anonymous user token policy (`HttpsServiceHost`); an
anonymous session-less request there is now rejected as an anonymous
Session is.
- A request **with an Access Token** is unchanged: the token
authenticates the caller and HTTPS keeps it confidential (HTTPS clients
are not required to present a certificate, OPC 10000-6 §7.4.1). A
`ValidateSessionLessRequest` handler still takes over completely.
- Not changed: the transport credential authentication of the REST
routes (#4674).

`SessionlessInvocationOptions.AllowAnonymous` documents the rule.
`docs/SessionlessInvocation.md` has a new section "Anonymous requests
and the channel" with the table.

### Tests

- `tests/Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests/SessionlessChannelSecurityTests.cs` (new,
net8.0+): a real reference server with an HTTPS listener, twice (mutual
TLS on with a SignAndEncrypt-only endpoint; mutual TLS off), over REST
and the binary POST, with and without a TLS client certificate:
anonymous without a certificate, with a certificate, `AllowAnonymous =
false`, a valid and a bogus Access Token, and CreateSession on the
binary POST without the certificate for comparison. 44 cases.
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests/SessionlessInvocationTests.cs`: opc.tcp
with and without a channel certificate (Sign, SignAndEncrypt, None),
HTTPS with and without mutual TLS and with a secured endpoint, user
token policies with and without Anonymous, no endpoint, an Access Token
and a handler without a certificate. The existing tests that use
`AllowAnonymous` set `HttpsMutualTls = false` or give the channel an
endpoint.
- Fail without the change: 7 of the 9 new `SessionlessInvocationTests`
cases fail with the `SessionManager.cs` change removed (the opc.tcp with
security, HTTPS with and without mutual TLS, user token policy and
unknown endpoint tests); the 6 failing `SessionlessChannelSecurityTests`
cases are below.

## Testing

- **Reproduction on master (`c03c12838`)**:
`SessionlessChannelSecurityTests` without the change: 6 of 44 cases
fail, 38 pass. With mutual TLS on and no TLS client certificate the
anonymous request is answered `Good` instead of
`Bad_SecurityChecksFailed` (REST and binary). With mutual TLS off it is
answered `Good` instead of `Bad_IdentityTokenRejected` (REST and binary,
with and without a certificate). All 44 pass with the change; the Access
Token cases pass both ways.
- Results on macOS: `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` full run on net10.0 8197
passed / 9 skipped / 0 failed; the session-less and SessionManager
filters 139 passed / 0 failed on net10.0 and on net8.0.
`Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` with the HTTPS/WebApi/Sessionless filters 125
passed / 0 failed on net10.0 and on net8.0, and with the
Wss/OpenApi/ClientTest filters 320 passed / 241 skipped / 0 failed on
net10.0.
- Builds: `Opc.Ua.Server`, `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` and
`Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` for net48, net8.0, net9.0 and net10.0: 0
warnings, 0 errors.
- `dotnet format` (whitespace, style, analyzers `--severity info`, one
`--include` per changed file): no finding on a changed line (CA1849 at
`SessionManager.cs` 235 is on master).
- Coverage (`.azurepipelines/check-coverage.ps1` against master,
session-less and SessionManager tests of `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` on
net10.0): patch 36/36 changed lines (100 %). The project floor is not
meaningful for this subset.
- CI and CodeQL on the PR branch: [CI run
37529750287](https://github.com/biancode/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37529750287)
green (158/158 jobs, incl. macOS and Windows net48), [CodeQL run
37529754883](https://github.com/biancode/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37529754883)
green, on `03a8e3d91`.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4688
- Relates to #4659 (session-less invocation), #4657 (the REST binding's
session-less service set) and #4674 (REST authentication)

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed. (Affected
suites on net10.0 and net8.0 locally on macOS; .NET Framework is covered
by the branch CI's Windows net48 legs.)
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-07 08:55:53 +00:00
romanett fbaabf5b28 Cut CI runner minutes: duration-packed test batches, CodeQL on Linux/daily, cancellable branch packing (#4694)
Reduces GitHub Actions runner minutes without removing any OS, target
framework, test project or check. All figures come from master CI run
37520359929 (158 jobs, ~1,880 runner-minutes) and the last two weeks of
run history.

## 1. Test batches packed by duration (`get-ci-matrix.ps1`)

Previously the expander picked the **smallest** batch size that fit the
256-job limit, which meant 2 projects per job and 33 jobs per profile.
Job logs show ~45% of the test matrix (674 of ~1,516 min) went to
compiling. Each batch rebuilds the shared dependency graph: the first
project's build took 3.8–4.9 min, the second only 0.4–0.9 min.

- Projects are now packed in path order (which keeps `PubSub.*`,
`Redundancy.*`, `WotCon.*` together) up to a 30-minute weight target,
using `.github/ci-test-durations.json`. Each weight is the slowest PR
profile's test minutes, rounded up, plus 1.
- A batch never holds more projects than the job timeout can budget for:
at most 7, given 20 + n×45 ≤ 350.
- If the matrix would exceed the job limit, the target is raised
instead.
- **PR test matrix: 132 → 60 jobs** (15 per profile; macOS 33 → 15).
Each batch is estimated at ≤36 min on the slowest runner, comparable to
today's slowest jobs (37–43 min), so wall-clock should be about the
same. Expected saving is roughly 300+ runner-min per run, plus less
queueing for the scarce macOS runners.
- The weekly full scope shrinks the same way (still 13 profiles).
- The table only steers balance: a project missing from it gets
`defaultMinutes`, so it is still scheduled.
- `run-dotnet-tests.ps1` now records per-project
`buildSeconds`/`testSeconds` (batch summary and job summary). The new
`update-test-durations.ps1` refreshes the table from any run's
`dotnet-results-*` artifacts.
- `discover` output `batch_size` is renamed to `batch_target_minutes`.
Nothing consumed it.

New `CiMatrixScriptTests` cases:
- each profile runs each of its projects exactly once;
- only a lone project may exceed the target;
- PR profiles average ≥3 projects per job;
- the duration table names only existing projects.

## 2 + 3. CodeQL (`codeql-analysis.yml`)

- **No longer runs on every push to master.** Instead, a daily schedule
on master (was weekly) gives an analysis that always completes. Each
analysis takes ~3 h, and with `cancel-in-progress: true` per branch, 49
of 76 push runs in two weeks were cancelled by the next merge before
uploading anything. `master378`/`release/*`/`develop/*` keep their push
trigger. PRs are still analyzed as before.
- Only PR runs are cancelled when superseded. Push and scheduled runs
always finish.
- **Runs on `ubuntu-latest` instead of `windows-2025`.** Only net10.0 is
built, so the extracted sources are identical. The traced Windows build
alone took 70 min, against 12 min for the untraced Linux `UA.slnx`
net10.0 leg. This PR touches a `.cs` file, so its own CodeQL run is the
first measurement.

## 4. NuGet packing on feature branches (`nuget-publish.yml`)

298 of ~400 runs in two weeks were feature-branch pushes, each about 59
Windows-min across two signed builds.

- A superseded feature-branch run is now cancelled. Protected lines and
tags are never cancelled: they publish previews, and `release.yml`
promotes a run by ID. Each manual (`workflow_dispatch`) run gets its own
concurrency group, so a later push cannot cancel it.
- A new `changes` job skips packing when a feature branch, as a whole,
changes only documentation. It diffs against the merge base with master,
not the previous push, so a docs-only push that cancels a code push
cannot mask that code change. It uses the same `get-path-relevance.ps1`
rule as CI.
- Protected refs, tags, manual runs, and any branch whose merge base
cannot be resolved always pack. Checked locally for docs-only branch
(skip), code branch, protected ref, manual run and unknown commit (all
pack).

## Verification

- `CiMatrixScriptTests`, `CiPathRelevanceTests` and the new
`CiTestDurationsScriptTests` (covering `update-test-durations.ps1`): all
`*.Ci*` tests in `Opc.Ua.Tools.Tests` pass locally, 63/63.
- This PR's own CI run shows the new matrix. Compare its total
runner-minutes and longest test job against run 37520359929.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 10:00:19 +02:00
romanett f32259a1a7 GDS: pin SecurityAdmin-only delivery of ApplicationRegistrationChangedAuditEvents; document CTT defect C57 (#4693)
## Description

CTT 1.05.513 (patched scripts) GDS Application Directory `011.js`,
`018.js` and `028.js` fail on master (fa06c66db) with "Step 3: Did not
receive any Events after calling Publish." and passed on efad0ddef.

### Root cause
7212607f1 (#4675, Part 3 compliance), not #4668. Since #4675 the server
enforces `ReceiveEvents` on the EventType node (OPC 10000-3 §8.55: a
Client only receives an Event if it has ReceiveEvents on its EventType
and SourceNode). The GDS NodeSet grants it on
`ApplicationRegistrationChangedAuditEventType`
(`AuditEventDefaultPermissions`) only to **SecurityAdmin**. The CTT test
cases subscribe on the Session of the GDS `AdministrativeUser`, a
**DiscoveryAdmin**, so the server correctly withholds the events. The
audit events are still raised and delivered: the RegisterApplication
change to `OnCallAsync` in #4668 does not affect them.

This is a CTT defect, so the server is unchanged. It is documented as
**C57** in `plans/ctt-issues.md` and filed as [Mantis
11482](https://mantis.opcfoundation.org/view.php?id=11482). The fix is
for the scripts to subscribe on a second Session of the CU's
`SecurityAdminUser`.

### Changes
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests/GdsApplicationRegistrationAuditEventTests.cs`
(new): a DiscoveryAdmin calls RegisterApplication, UpdateApplication and
UnregisterApplication. A SecurityAdmin subscriber on
`Server.EventNotifier` must receive all three
`ApplicationRegistrationChangedAuditEvent`s with `SourceNode` =
Directory and the matching `MethodId`. A DiscoveryAdmin subscriber must
receive none of them.
- `plans/ctt-issues.md`: C57 (Mantis 11482).

## Verification
- New test passes on net10.0 (~1 s); the test project builds on net48.
- CTT p14-gds against an unchanged master server (fa06c66db) with the
C57 script patch (second Session as `sysadmin` for the event
subscription), compared with efad0ddef using the unpatched scripts:
  - Application Directory 011/018/028: Error → **Pass**.
  - AliasName Discovery 001 Pass, 002 Warning, 004 Pass.
- Only other differences: two response-timestamp timing Warnings (App
Directory 023 ActivateSession and Query Applications 002 CreateSession,
> 100 ms).
- CTT p12-auditing against fa06c66db: identical to the baseline (21
Pass, 5 Skipped, 81 NotImpl, 0 errors).

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 09:42:56 +02:00
romanett 7c2c6e7f8e Number commit-id-only prerelease previews 0 so they never outrank a release (#4692)
## Problem

When a stable `version.json` (for example `2.0.0`) is built from a ref
that isn't a public release branch, Nerdbank.GitVersioning makes the
root version `2.0.0-g<commit>`. The "other prerelease label" case in
`version.targets` turned that into `2.0.0-preview.g<commit>` for the
preview-only package families. SemVer 2 ranks the alphanumeric `g…`
identifier above every numeric one, so that version outranks every
`2.0.0-preview.N` ever released, and NuGet versions are immutable.

This happened on 2026-10-06 while master briefly carried `2.0.0`. Two
such versions on GitHub Packages now block the stable 2.0.0 release on
`release/2.0` (handled there in #4691).

## Change

- `version.targets`: a new Case 2a maps a prerelease that is only a
commit id to `<base>-preview.0.g<commit>`, keeping any build metadata
last. Preview number 0 sorts below any committed
`PreviewPackageBuildNumber`.
- `package-version-policy.ps1`: `ConvertTo-PreviewPackageVersion`
applies the same rule, so the package-set validator agrees with the
build.
- Tests: commit id only, commit id plus metadata, and `-gamma.1`, which
is not a commit id.

Checked with MSBuild against the real `version.targets`:
`2.0.0-ge78c648295` maps to `2.0.0-preview.0.ge78c648295`. `2.0.0`,
`2.0.0+g…`, `-rc.1` and `2.0.1-preview.N.g…` are unchanged. All 90
`PackageVersionPolicyTests` pass on net10.0.

Same commit as the prevention part of #4691 (release/2.0). This PR
doesn't include the release-only `PreviewPackageOrderingExemptions`
change.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 09:37:54 +02:00