Commit Graph

60 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Marc fbd204bcb9 Make the encoder stack-depth tests hold on a reused thread stack
DecodeWithUnboundedNestingLimitFailsBeforeTheStackOverflows(Json, VariantArray)
and (Json, DataValue) failed intermittently on Linux CI: the 450-level JSON
input decoded without tripping the stack check.

A thread that asks for a 256 KB stack can run on more. glibc reuses the cached
stack of an exited thread when it is at most four times the requested size,
and this fixture's own 1 MB threads leave such stacks behind. The stack check
measures the stack the thread got, and 450 JSON levels fit a 1 MB stack.
Running a 1 MB thread right before the decode reproduces the failure on
Linux 20 times out of 20; Windows does not reuse stacks this way.

The unbounded-limit tests now run on the 1 MB and the 256 KB stack and nest
5000 levels, twice the deepest nesting of any codec and shape that fits a
1 MB stack (2477 levels: JSON EncodeableTree, Linux, Release). The 2000
levels of the other codecs were too few as well: on Linux, encoding a Binary
EncodeableTree of 2000 levels fits a 1 MB stack. The JSON input is written
by hand because the JsonEncoder cannot nest deeper than 1000 levels, and
NestedJsonMatchesTheJsonEncoder keeps it equal to the encoder's output.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 16:18:14 +02:00
romanett 36194f6a02 Avoid boxing and per-value copies on encoder, enum and server hot paths (#4715)
## Summary
Allocation audit of the per-message / per-value paths (binary codec,
built-in types, server request path, monitored items, client
notification dispatch) looking for boxing and avoidable per-value
copies. Measured with `GC.GetAllocatedBytesForCurrentThread` probe loops
on net10.0 **and net48**, and with `dotnet-trace` allocation traces of
the server load harness (#4707) for read/write/browse/subscription,
server and client side — a value type in the "allocated types" list is a
box.

Wire output and error behaviour are unchanged.

### Fixed
| Where | Cause | Frequency | Before → after |
|---|---|---|---|
| `Polyfills/System.IO.cs` (net48/netstandard2.0) |
`BinaryWriter.Write(ReadOnlySpan<byte>)` polyfill copied with
`ToArray()` — every string, array, ByteString, Guid write | per value |
32–64 B → 0; BrowseResponse×50 encode 15.3 → 10.9 KB |
| `EnumHelper` (net48/netstandard2.0) |
`EnumToInt32`/`Int32ToEnum`/`EnumToInt64` boxed outside
`NET8_0_OR_GREATER` (every enum field, `Variant.From<TEnum>`,
`EnumValue.From`) | per value | 24 B → 0 |
| `BinaryDecoder.ReadString` + stream raw reads (net48) | temp `byte[]`
per string, `BinaryReader.ReadBytes` | per value | BrowseResponse×50
decode 15.7 → 11.3 KB |
| `WriteGuid` / `ReadGuid` (all) | `ToByteArray()` / `byte[16]` | per
value (also Guid NodeIds) | 40 B → 0 each |
| `VariantHelper.TryCastTo<TEnum>` (`DataValue.GetValue<TEnum>`),
`EventRecordFieldReaders.GetEnum` | `Enum.ToObject` box | per call / per
event field | 24 B → 0 |
| `NodeManagerServiceDispatcher.GetManagerHandleAsync` | interface
enumerator per validated node | per node | Write-100: 151.8 → 148.5
KB/request |

### Cold paths (third commit)
- `Server.Auditing` write handler: `Convert.ToBoolean(object)` got a
boxed `Variant` (not `IConvertible`) and threw `InvalidCastException` on
any in-process write; now takes the boolean, `BadTypeMismatch` otherwise
(new test).
- `UpdateServerServiceLevel`: `Convert.ToByte(byte, IFormatProvider)`
bound to the object overload.
- Client publish-state / recovery-policy `HasFlag` (boxes on net48) →
`(x & F) == F`.
- `SequenceReader` big-endian float on net48/netstandard2.0 used
`Convert.ToSingle(int)` (numeric conversion) instead of reinterpreting
the bits.
- JSON enum strings: one `Enum.GetName` + `string.Concat` instead of
`IsDefined` + boxing `CoreUtils.Format`; same output (new test for the
`EnumValue` overload).

Left as is: `SamplingGroup` start-up `Convert.ToInt32(double, provider)`
(rewritten by #4707), `SecureChannelRenewed` formatting (transport files
in flight on the client perf branch), `Utils.IsEqual<T>` object path for
structs (cold callers; changing it would mix `CompareTo` and `Equals`
semantics), Machinery `HasFlag` (startup config).

### Not changed here
- `BinaryEncoder.GetNodeIdEncoding` `Convert.ToUInt32(object)` /
`Convert.ToByte(enum)` (72 B per NodeId encode, largest single item) and
`ChannelAsyncOperation.Complete` boxing the `int` result are handled on
the client performance branch.
- By design: `Variant` / `NodeId` store `ArrayOf<T>`, Guid, ByteString
identifiers boxed (`Variant.Copy` re-boxes RolePermissions during
permission checks).

## Tests
- New `BinaryCodecAllocationTests`: round trips in buffer and stream
decoder mode, truncation errors, allocation per call (< 1 B/call over
20k calls; the counter can be off by an allocation quantum when other
tests GC).
- `Enum.ToObject` equivalence for `TryCastTo` and
`EventRecordFieldReaders.GetEnum` across all underlying types.
- net10.0 (third commit): Types 11465, affected Server 87, Client
subscription 642 passed; net48 Types 11458 passed, `UA.slnx` 0 warnings.
- net10.0: Types 11464, Core.Encoders 2947, Server 8386 passed; Core
6197 passed, 1 unrelated
(`ActivityTraceFlags_Metrics_ShouldRecordMetricsOnly`, passes alone).
- net48: Types 11457, Core.Encoders 2947, EventRecordFieldReaders 25
passed; `UA.slnx` builds with 0 warnings.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-09 14:35:57 +02:00
romanett 2ba58a8cbf WoT: move GeneratesEvent off Object instances (OPC 10000-3 §7.15) (#4706)
Fixes #4669.

OPC 10000-3 §7.15 says the SourceNode of `GeneratesEvent` "shall be an
ObjectType, a VariableType or a Method". CTT `Base Info Core Structure 2
001.js` flags every Object that is the source of one. #4667 fixed this
in the source generator. This PR fixes the three remaining WoT places.

### 1. WotCon asset registry
- `AssetRegistry.BuildEventNode` / `RemoveEventTypes` no longer add or
remove `GeneratesEvent` from the asset Object. Event delivery already
relies on `EventNotifier = SubscribeToEvents` and root-notifier
registration.
- Tests now assert the reference is **absent** and the notifier bit is
set. The re-apply test asserts that the old EventType node is gone.

### 2. WoT NodeSet converter (`src/Opc.Ua.Types/Wot`)
- **TD → NodeSet:** a last pass (`RelocateInstanceGeneratesEvent`) moves
forward `GeneratesEvent` references off an Object/Variable root:
- An event the bound type already declares needs nothing more. Matching
is by qualified BrowseName against the local context's declarations, the
same rule as the declaration merge.
- Any other event is declared by a synthesized non-abstract
`<rootLocal>Type`. It derives from the bound type (or from
`BaseObjectType` / `BaseDataVariableType` when the TD binds none) and
becomes the instance's `HasTypeDefinition`. A Variable root gets a
`UAVariableType` with the instance's DataType and ValueRank.
- Thing Models are unchanged: the projected type keeps its
`GeneratesEvent`.
- **NodeSet → TD:**
- An instance's event affordances are now collected from its type
definition and that type's supertypes. Instance-level `GeneratesEvent`
is still read for third-party NodeSets.
- In a single readable document, a type that only carries one instance's
events (only `HasSubtype` + `GeneratesEvent`, typing exactly one
instance) is not chosen as root. It is folded back: its supertype
becomes the type binding, and no link is written when that supertype is
the default base type. The TD → NodeSet → TD round trip stays readable,
with no `uav:nodes` fallback.
- A document set gives the carrier its own Thing Model, and the instance
TD binds to it.
- **Archive check:** an event affordance is accepted when the root's
type definition, or one of its supertypes, generates it.
- `docs/WoTNodeSetConversion.md` documents the behaviour in a new "Event
source" row.

### 3. Aggregation sample
- `SamplePump.NodeSet2.xml`: each pump is typed by its own `PumpType`
subtype, `ns=1;s=Pump1.Type` (`Pump_1Type`) and `Pump2.Type`, which
declares its alarm EventTypes.
- It is per pump because each pump owns its alarm EventTypes.
`Pump2.Type` is cloned with the rest of Pump2.
- The pumps keep `EventNotifier="1"` and no longer carry
`GeneratesEvent`.
- The checked-in documents are regenerated, adding
`sample-pump-pump-1type.json` / `-2type.json`. The pump TDs still list
the alarm event affordances.
- The sample binding lookup ignores Thing Models, because the type's TM
declares the same EventType as the pump TD. A declaration missing from
the instance still fails as before.
- Docs: `WoTConnectivity.md` (asset event affordances, §12.4.2) and
`WotBindings.md`. The `GeneratesEvent` clause in the sample-limitation
note was already stale, so I removed it.

### Runtime check
`WotNativeOwnershipIndex` only uses `GeneratesEvent` in its alias table.
Projected event routing takes the owner from `uav:componentOf` /
`uav:id` and the notifier from Parent/`HasNotifier`. Nothing in
`Opc.Ua.WotCon.Server` reads an instance-level `GeneratesEvent`.

### Tests (net10.0)
- `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests`: 11446 passed, 1 skipped. New
`WotInstanceEventSourceTests` covers object and variable roots, TMs, the
TD with no events, the folded round trip, the legacy instance reference
and the document set. Two bound-type cases were added to
`WotDeclarationMergeBoundaryTests`.
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Bindings.Tests`: 714 passed.
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Tests`: 1496 passed, including the byte-exact sample
regeneration tests.
- net48 build of both test projects is clean, and `dotnet format
whitespace` is clean.

Not run: CTT `Base Info Core Structure 2 001.js` (p02-base-info) against
a WotCon server.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-08 20:57:20 +00:00
romanett 9b034f8291 Enable nullable reference types centrally; migrate all unset and annotations-only projects (#4700)
# Description

Nullable reference types are now enabled once, in `common.props`, and
every project in the repository builds warning-clean with them.

**Configuration**
- `<Nullable>enable</Nullable>` lives in `common.props`. All per-project
`<Nullable>` settings are removed: 178 project files (enable,
annotations, and the `disable` in the three Aot test projects).
- 419 per-file `#nullable enable`/`restore` directives and the 4
`#nullable disable` directives are removed.
- Kept on purpose:
- The 5 `<auto-generated>` schema files (`UANodeSet.cs`, `UA Type
Dictionary.cs`, `OPCBinarySchema.cs`, `SecuredApplication.cs`,
`PInvokeHelper.cs`) keep `#nullable enable`. The compiler ignores the
project setting in generated code, so the directive is required there.
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Interop.LegacyPeer` keeps `disable`. It builds against
the 1.5.378 packages and does not import the repository props.
- `docs/DeveloperGuide.md` and `.github/copilot-instructions.md` now
describe the central setting.

**Migration** (the 43 unset and 13 annotations-only projects, roughly
10k diagnostics)
- **Production code: annotated at the declarations.** Covers
`tools/Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core`, `src/Opc.Ua.Lds.Server` and the
LDS sample.
- Members, parameters and returns are nullable where null actually
flows.
- Null-check helpers carry `[NotNullWhen]` (`IsNull`, `IsValidXmlName`,
`IsMethodTypeDesign`).
- `CoreUtils.Format`, `Utils.Format`, `ITemplateWriter.WriteLine` take
`params object?[]`. `Template.AddReplacement` takes `string?` (rendering
already skips null replacements).
- `IRegisteredServerStore.RegisterAsync` returns
`Task<RegistrationEntry?>`: it returns null when a registration is
removed.
- Dereferences backed by an invariant (for example, the validated model)
use `!`, so runtime behaviour is unchanged.
- **Behavioural changes in production code** (small, deliberate):
- `NodeSetToModelDesign` throws `InvalidOperationException` when the
file is not a NodeSet. Before, it threw a NullReferenceException on the
next line.
- `ModelDesignValidator` starts its lookup tables empty instead of null.
A redundant `if (m_nodes == null) return;` guard is gone.
- **Test code: minimal annotations.**
  - `?` on values that can be null, `!` where the test asserts non-null.
  - `= null!` for fixture members assigned in SetUp.
- `TryGetStructure<T>(out T? x)` where the inferred `T?` broke the
`IEncodeable` constraint.
- A few redundant `== null` checks on structs (`NodeId`, `ArrayOf<T>`)
folded into the adjacent `IsNull`/`Count` checks.

**Notes for reviewers**
- The diff is large (~1,500 files) but almost entirely mechanical: `?`,
`!` and directive removal. The non-annotation changes are listed above.
- Known follow-up, not done here:
`IModelDesign.Namespaces/TargetNamespace/NamespaceUris` stay
non-nullable even though the validator returns null before it loads a
dictionary. Making them nullable would ripple through every generator
call site.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4439

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

The "no new warnings" box covers net10.0 and net48: full non-incremental
builds of `UA.slnx`, `tools/SourceGeneration.slnx`,
`tools/MigrationAnalyzer.slnx` and the Aot test projects finished with 0
warnings and 0 errors under the repository's warnings-as-errors
settings. net9.0 and net8.0 also had no nullable diagnostics, but they
were not rebuilt after the final fixes. Tests have not been run locally
yet.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 08:48:13 +02:00
Copilot c03c128384 Treat code analysis (CA) warnings as errors and fix all surfaced analyzer warnings (#4680)
# Description

`TreatWarningsAsErrors` was already enabled, but
`CodeAnalysisTreatWarningsAsErrors` was `false`, so Microsoft Code
Analysis (`CAxxxx`) warnings were non-fatal. This PR sets it to `true`
in `common.props` and fixes all 55 analyzer warnings the net10.0 build
reported.

**Production code**
- `SamplingGroup.cs`: CA2213 is a false positive here because the
detached `CancellationTokenSource` is disposed by `CancelSamplingLoop`
once the loop completes. It is suppressed with a pragma, a justification
and a TODO, following the existing pattern in
`ServerBase.RequestQueue.cs`.

**Tests**
- CA1861: constant array arguments are moved to `static readonly` fields
or replaced with `ArrayOf<T>` collection expressions. In the legacy
interop server I used locals instead, because those arrays become node
values that writes can change in place.
- CA2025: tasks that finish before disposal (`Assert.ThrowsAsync`, or
awaited before `using` scope exit) are suppressed with justification
comments, following existing test patterns.
- CA1812: classes created by the DI container are suppressed with a
comment and a TODO.
- CA2208: benchmark switch defaults now throw
`InvalidOperationException`.
- CA1845: `Substring(0, 8)` is replaced with `[..8]`.
- CA1307: `string.Replace` is replaced with `Split`/`Join`, which also
works on net48.
- CA5394: `Random` is replaced with `RandomNumberGenerator`.

**Docs**
- `docs/DeveloperGuide.md` now says CA warnings also fail the build, and
that any suppression needs a comment explaining why plus a TODO.

**Validation**
- I fixed the 55 warnings from a net10.0 build of `UA.slnx`
(`CustomTestTarget=net10.0`). That build ran before the setting was
turned on, and I have not rebuilt net10.0 since the fixes.
- `CustomTestTarget=net48` build of `UA.slnx`: 0 warnings, 0 errors.
- I also started a full build across all target frameworks with the
setting on. Its log showed no errors or warnings while it ran, but I
couldn't read its final result.
- No tests have been run yet; CI should confirm the multi-TFM build and
the tests.

## Related Issues

- N/A

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: romanett <7413710+romanett@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-06 18:54:28 +02:00
romanett 7212607f16 OPC UA Part 3 compliance: permissions, Write semantics, NodeManagement, NodeSet DataTypes, locales (#4675)
# Description

Fixes the High and Medium findings of an OPC UA Part 3 (OPC 10000-3,
Address Space Model) compliance audit. Each finding was checked against
the full spec text (Parts 3, 4, 5, 6, 14 and 18) before it was fixed.
Every fix comes with regression tests that fail without it.

### Role permissions (Part 3 §8.55, Part 4 §5.12.2.2)
- The type-hierarchy exemption in
`MasterNodeManager.ValidateRolePermissions` /
`ValidateAccessRestrictions` now covers only Browse, Read and
ReadRolePermissions. Type nodes stay visible to generic clients, which
was the intent of #3705; every other permission bit is now enforced on
them.
- `ReceiveEvents` is enforced on the EventType node. The standard
NodeSet grants it on `AuditEventType` and its subtypes only to
SecurityAdmin, so only SecurityAdmin sessions now receive audit events.
- Call checks the `Call` permission and AccessRestrictions on the Object
as well as on the Method.
- When a Call's `methodId` is the Method declaration of the ObjectType,
the Object's Method with the same BrowseName is permission-checked and
invoked. The declaration is used only if the Object has no such Method.
This applies to `AsyncCustomNodeManager`, `CustomNodeManager2` and the
sample node manager.

### Write service (Part 3 §5.6.2, §8.40, §8.57; Part 4 §5.11.4)
- The synchronous `OnWriteValue` path (fluent `OnWrite`) checks DataType
and ValueRank first (`Bad_TypeMismatch`). After an IndexRange write it
merges the slice into the cached value instead of replacing it.
- StatusWrite / TimestampWrite are enforced (`Bad_WriteNotSupported`).
- Undefined enumeration values and invalid OptionSet writes return
`Bad_OutOfRange`. OptionSet writes merge only the valid bits into the
stored value.
- New `ReportPropertyValueChanged` / `ReportSemanticChange` let server
code raise SemanticChangeEvents for changes it makes itself.
- Required follow-up (Part 14 §6.2.11.1): if an external target rejects
a timestamp, the PubSub subscriber's TargetVariables writer retries
without it.

### NodeManagement and Call arguments (Part 3 §5.5.2, §5.7.3, §6.4.2;
Part 4 §5.8, §5.12.2)
- AddNodes creates the Mandatory InstanceDeclarations of the
TypeDefinition and rejects abstract or Interface types
(`Bad_TypeDefinitionInvalid`).
- AddReferences, DeleteReferences and DeleteNodes bump NodeVersion and
raise GeneralModelChangeEvents.
- Clients may omit trailing optional input arguments
(`HasOptionalInputArgumentDescription`).

### NodeSet DataTypes (Part 3 §5.8.3, §8.48; Part 6 Annex F.12)
- `UANodeSet.Import` completes structure definitions with the base
type's fields (base fields first). It creates definitions for structures
without fields and sets `DefaultEncodingId`.
`StructureDefinition.FirstExplicitFieldIndex` marks the subtype's own
fields.
- `DataTypeState` no longer mutates the stored definition on read.

### Locales (Part 3 §5.2.5, §8.5; Part 4 §5.4)
- Read, Browse and data change notifications return the translation that
best matches the session's LocaleIds, or all translations for `mul`. The
selection lives in the server dispatcher and is built on
`ResourceManager`: the new `TranslateValue` calls the overridable
`Translate`.
- Locale ids are matched case-insensitively, and fallback translations
carry their real locale.

### Client complex types (Part 6 §5.1.7)
- The Reflection.Emit builder encodes only `IsOptional` subtyped fields
as ExtensionObject. It also supports OptionSet subtypes: an unsupported
type is skipped instead of aborting the whole load.
- `TypeInfo.GetXmlName` uses the data type's XML name for dynamic
structures and OptionSets (the XML body element was `<Structure>`). Both
builders now produce identical XML.

## Behaviour changes
All are documented in `docs/MigrationGuide.md`.
- **Audit events:** only SecurityAdmin receives them. The CTT "Auditing
Connections" unit needs a SecurityAdmin user (e.g. sysadmin);
`AuditingOperationTests` was updated.
- **Write timestamps and status:** clients writing a SourceTimestamp or
a non-Good StatusCode get `Bad_WriteNotSupported` unless the Variable
has StatusWrite/TimestampWrite. No variable in `src/` sets these bits.
- **AddNodes:** it rejects abstract types (including `BaseVariableType`
and `BaseEventType`), and new instances now come with child nodes.
- **Call:** the Object needs the Call permission. The Object's own
Method runs even when the call names the type declaration.

## Not included
- Low-severity findings: missing validation on optional services and
author-side NodeSet rules.
- LocalizedText nested inside structures or Variant arrays, and in
HistoryRead or Call outputs.

## Testing
net10.0, Debug, one suite at a time on the merged branch. All suites
below pass:

| Suite | Passed |
|---|---|
| Types | 11430 |
| Core.Encoders | 2947 |
| Core.Schema | 179 |
| Core.Security | 558 |
| Client | 2761 |
| Server | 8210 |
| InformationModel | 1080 |
| Features | 145 |
| History | 536 |
| Di | 455 |
| Machinery | 167 |
| Robotics | 661 |
| Robotics.Intent | 22 |
| Pumps | 75 |
| Scales | 122 |
| Positioning | 69 |
| ISA95 | 144 |
| Vision | 484 |
| PubSub | 1490 |
| PubSub.Adapter | 151 |
| PubSub.Server | 177 |
| Redundancy.Server | 856 |
| Lds | 173 |
| Configuration | 241 |
| WotCon | 1496 |

- **Client.ComplexTypes:** one test wrote a SourceTimestamp to a
variable without TimestampWrite. It is fixed in this PR, and the suite
has not been re-run since.
- **Core:** 6068 passed, 1 failure in
`ActivityTraceFlags_Metrics_ShouldRecordMetricsOnly`. That telemetry
test passed when re-run alone, so it looks flaky.
- **Still running:** Sessions, Subscriptions (Classic, Durable,
standard) and Interop. Results will follow on this PR.
- `UA.slnx` builds with 0 errors for net10.0 and net48, with no new
analyzer warnings in changed files.

## Related Issues

- Part 3 compliance audit (no tracking issue)

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-05 12:43:59 +00:00
romanett 52f8520baa Detect resource and limit abuse in the encoder/decoder fuzz harness (#4666)
## Why

The encoder/decoder fuzz targets only flagged crashes, unhandled
exceptions and
encoding-fidelity mismatches. They could not observe a decode that stays
within the
exception contract but consumes far more memory, CPU or stack than its
input justifies,
or that materialises values larger than the context's encoding limits.
None of the
resource-related findings of the codec audit would have been caught.

## What

Adds four shared oracles to the fuzz harness
(`fuzzing/Common/Fuzz/FuzzOracles*.cs`),
applied by every host (libFuzzer, AFL, `--replay`, Tools playback and
the NUnit replay):

- **Allocation** — wraps the Binary/JSON/XML decode cores, the
built-in-type targets, the
PubSub UADP/JSON decoders and the UADP reassembler; fails when a decode
allocates more
than `64x` its input plus `8 MB`, whether it returns or throws. Uses the
per-thread
  allocation counter (the AppDomain counter on .NET Framework).
- **Time** — a per-input budget of `1 s + 100 ms/KB`, re-run twice and
reported only if the
  fastest run is still over, so JIT/GC/CI noise does not trip it
  (`OPCUA_FUZZ_TIME_BUDGET_SCALE`, `0` disables).
- **Stack** — every input runs on a worker thread with a `256 KB` stack,
so recursion that
comes close to the limit of a normal thread is caught in-process as a
crash rather than
near 200 levels. `StackTestcases` inputs replay through every target in
a child process
  (`--fuzz-replay-all`), since such a crash cannot be caught.
- **Decoded limits** — walks a decoded value for strings, identifiers,
ByteStrings and
arrays beyond the context's
`MaxStringLength`/`MaxByteStringLength`/`MaxArrayLength`;
matrices are additionally boxed the legacy way so a value no consumer
can materialise is
reported. The fuzz context uses `4096/8192/4096` so small inputs reach
the limits.

Supporting changes:
- `ArrayOf<T>`/`MatrixOf<T>` are not `IEnumerable`, so the limit walker
unpacks them via
  `ToArray`/`ToArrayOf` (otherwise it silently traversed nothing).
- `Decimal` is registered in the fuzz context so the targets exercise
`Decimal.Decode`.
- **B1-2 bug fix**: `BinaryDecoder.ReadExtensionObject` dereferenced a
null element for an
XML body that is not an element; now rejected with `BadDecodingError`.
Found by replaying
the nightly crash corpus under the new exception contract; 5 corpus
inputs are added as
  gating reproducers.
- Reproducers for B1-1, T1-3, X1-1 and U1-3, built in process by
documented builders
(`ResourceReproducerTests`, `PubSubReproducerTests`) and checked in to
the corpus, where
every target replays them under the oracles. Each was verified by
reverting the matching
fix locally and confirming the guard fires (e.g. B1-1 then allocates ~21
MB from 481
  input bytes).
- `Fuzzing.md` / `CrashCorpus.md` document the oracles and the
private-input log policy.

## Testing

Green on net10.0 and net48:

| Suite | net10.0 | net48 |
|---|---|---|
| `Opc.Ua.Encoders.Fuzz.Tests` | 8130 | 8130 |
| `Opc.Ua.PubSub.Fuzz.Tests` | 149 | n/a (modern-only) |
| `Opc.Ua.Fuzzing.Tests` | 154 | 154 |
| `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests` (encoders) | 3698 | builds |

Also verified: `Network`/`Certificates` fuzz test suites, all fuzz hosts
and Tools
projects build, the fuzz manifest validator passes, `dotnet format
whitespace` is clean,
and the full ~22k-input nightly crash corpus replays with no oracle
false positives.

Stacked on `romanett/encoder-decoder-spec-security-83c9f5`.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-04 19:16:23 +00:00
romanett fbdd0af13b Add 1.5.378 <-> 2.0 interop tests; return BadAttributeIdInvalid for unset optional security attributes (#4630)
# Description

Adds an interop test suite between this stack (2.0) and the released
**1.5.378** NuGet stack, in both directions, and fixes a 2.0 bug the
suite found.

## Interop suite

- **`tests/Opc.Ua.Interop.LegacyPeer`** is a console peer built from the
`OPCFoundation.NetStandard.Opc.Ua.*` 1.5.378 NuGet packages.
- It runs as a child process, because the two stacks share assembly
names.
- It deliberately does not import the repository build settings (its own
`Directory.Build.props/targets/Packages.props`).
- Server mode hosts a small interop server with tight limits, or the 1.5
Quickstarts reference server.
- Client mode runs named checks and prints one JSON result line per
check.
- **`tests/Opc.Ua.Interop.Tests`** builds the peer into `legacy-peer/`
and runs in every CI test leg as a normal `*.Tests.csproj`. It covers:
- sessions over None, the RSA policies and the ECC policies (Sign and
SignAndEncrypt), with anonymous and user name logon, plus
read/write/browse/call/subscribe;
- the existing 2.0 `ClientTest` workers run against the 1.5 reference
server, through the new `ClientTestFramework.ExternalServerUrl`;
- custom data types (structures, unions, optional fields, enums) loaded,
decoded and written back by each side's complex type system;
- certificate trust with auto-accept off: untrusted peers, CA-issued
certificates, revoked certificates;
- multi-chunk messages, encoding limits, response size limits, operation
limits, continuation points and security token renewal (RSA and ECC).
- Every peer check is reported as its own test result.
- `-p:LegacyStackVersion=<version>` tests another 1.5 release.
- Docs: `docs/DeveloperGuide.md`.

## 2.0 fix

**Unset optional security attributes now return
`Bad_AttributeIdInvalid`** (`NodeState.ReadNonValueAttribute`).
- Since 3e5f129c6, unset
RolePermissions/UserRolePermissions/AccessRestrictions returned Good
with a null value.
- This made the 1.5 ComplexTypes loader crash against any 2.0 server.
- 1.5 and Part 4 (Read) return `Bad_AttributeIdInvalid` here.

The suite also found two ECC secure-channel bugs: the Sign-only HKDF
salt length, and renewal chaining the previous secret for policies
without SecureChannelEnhancements. #4626 fixed both on master in the
meantime, so this branch now uses master's version. The ECC Sign and ECC
token-renewal interop tests here cover them.
## Reviewer notes

- **Behaviour change:** `NodeStateOptionalStorageTests` previously
asserted Good with a null value for unset optional attributes. It now
asserts `BadAttributeIdInvalid`.
- Monitored items on such unset attributes now fail with
`BadAttributeIdInvalid`, as in 1.5.
- **Known gaps, not changed here:**
- An unset Description still reads Good with a null value (same root
cause).
- A Null write to AccessRestrictions is accepted, as `NodeStateTests`
asserts.
- **Test runtime:** the suite adds roughly 7 minutes per CI test leg. On
net48 the ECC cases skip, because 2.0 has no ECC on .NET Framework.

## Related Issues

- None filed.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- Ran: interop suite on net10 (188 passed) and on net48 (passed before
the final review fixes), plus Types, Core, InformationModel,
Core.Security and Sessions on net10.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-02 19:35:44 +02:00
romanett 2f5aeb3da4 Fix Medium encoder/decoder defects found by the second codec review (#4625)
## Summary

This is the follow-up to #4599. A second read-only review of
`src/Opc.Ua.Types/Encoders` was run on master after #4599 merged. It
found about 40 defects: none Critical or High, 10 Medium. This PR fixes
the 10 Medium ones. Each fix follows the OPC 10000-6 clause named in the
table, and each has regression tests.

| Finding | Fix | Part 6 |
|---|---|---|
| **Regression from #4599:** a nested JSON array (`[[1,2]]`) decoded as
an *empty* Byte/SByte array or ByteString, even with ParseStrict. Debug
builds hit a `Debug.Assert` fail-fast instead. | Return false when
`TryGetArrayElements` rejects the input | 5.4.5 |
| A malformed `UaTypeId` was accepted as a raw JSON body with no type |
Decoding error when ParseStrict is on; the raw-body fallback is kept
when it is off | 5.4.2.16 |
| With namespace mappings active, the Binary/XML decoders and
`XmlParser` turned `nsu=…` ExpandedNodeIds into `ns=0` | Skip the index
mapping when a NamespaceUri was decoded | 5.2.2.10 |
| An ExtensionObject with no `Body` failed to decode when its field is
in a companion namespace | `PopNamespace` before `EndField` (XmlDecoder
and XmlParser) | 5.3.1.16 |
| Null DiagnosticInfo/DataValue array elements were left out of the XML
output, so array positions shifted | Pass `isArrayElement` so they are
written as nil elements | 5.3.4 |
| CR characters were lost in XML strings, and a string NodeId containing
one changed | Write CR as `&#xD;`; this also works with caller-supplied
writers | 5.3.1.5, XML 1.0 §2.11 |
| A null element in a structure array/matrix caused a
NullReferenceException in `JsonEncoder` | Write JSON `null` | 5.4.5 |
| An ExtensionObject with a null ByteString/XmlElement body was written
as encoding 0x01 with Length -1 | Write encoding 0x00 (no body) |
5.2.2.15 |
| Default Number/Integer/UInteger structure fields threw
BadEncodingError in Binary/XML. Integer arrays with values did not
round-trip through XML. | `Variant.CreateDefault` returns a Variant
default for these types; the XML decoders read such array fields as
Variant arrays | 5.1.6 |

### Behaviour changes
- Encoding a null-body ExtensionObject in binary now produces encoding
`0x00`.
`WriteExtensionObject_NullByteString_WritesTypeIdAndNoneEncoding` had
pinned `Binary`, which contradicted its own name; it now expects `None`.
- With ParseStrict, the JSON decoder rejects a present but unparsable
`UaTypeId`.

### Review follow-up (3f87a144a)
- `Structure.EncodeProperty` now converts a concrete-typed array or
matrix (e.g. `Int32[]`, `Double[,]`) in a
BaseDataType/Number/Integer/UInteger field into Variants (5.1.6).
Before, it was written as a raw typed array that the decoders read as
Variants, which misparsed binary.
- The XML decoders and `Variant.CreateDefault` also map abstract-number
matrix fields to Variant, and keep the declared value rank.
- Not included: `BaseComplexType` in Opc.Ua.Client.ComplexTypes has the
same concrete-array asymmetry. Fixing it needs a public helper, because
`Variant.Expand` is internal.
- Re-run after the follow-up, all on net10 with no failures: Types
11,400 passed, Core.Encoders 2,947, ComplexTypes 2,872, Encoders.Fuzz
8,112. The net48 build has no errors.

### Variant equality for typed null arrays (b30e1cdd0)
- A typed null array or matrix, such as an unset `Int32[]` or
`Variant[]` field, already equalled `Variant.Null` and hashed like it,
but did not equal an identical typed null or even itself. Two such
variants of the same or a convertible type now compare equal, so
`Equals` agrees with `GetHashCode` and `Structure.IsEqual` holds for
identical default structures (5.1.11). Typed nulls of unrelated types
are still unequal.
- Suites run on net10 for this change, no failures except where noted:
Types 11,402 passed, Core.Encoders 2,947, ComplexTypes 2,872, Server
7,802, Encoders.Fuzz 8,112. Core had 1 failure,
`ActivityTraceFlags_Metrics_ShouldRecordMetricsOnly`, caused by a metric
from another test running in parallel; it passed 3 of 3 runs on its own.

## Test plan
- [x] New `CodecReviewRegressionTests` (33 tests). With the source fixes
reverted, 29 of them fail; the other 4 confirm that valid input still
decodes.
- [x] Opc.Ua.Types.Tests (net10): 11,395 passed with only the old
null-body test failing; after updating that test, it and the new tests
pass (801/801 in the BinaryEncoder + new-test run). The whole suite was
not rerun after the update.
- [x] Opc.Ua.Core.Encoders.Tests (2,947),
Opc.Ua.Client.ComplexTypes.Tests (2,872), Opc.Ua.Encoders.Fuzz.Tests
(8,112): all green on net10.
- [x] net48: Types.Tests builds with 0 errors; the new tests plus the
updated test pass (34/34).

The Low findings from the review (about 30, mostly `XmlParser` leniency,
culture-sensitive enum parsing and latent API-only issues) are not part
of this PR.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-02 17:10:23 +02:00
romanett 61edaa1ed0 Remove netstandard2.1 and net472 target frameworks (#4624)
# Description

Drops support for **netstandard2.1** and **.NET Framework 4.7.2**.
Libraries now target `net48`, `net8.0`, `net9.0` and `net10.0`.
`Opc.Ua.Types` and `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core` still also target
`netstandard2.0`, but only because the Roslyn source generators load
them. There is no general netstandard2.0 support.

**Preprocessor directives** (112 files)
- Every `#if`/`#elif` mentioning `NETSTANDARD2_1*`, `NET472*`,
`NET_STANDARD_TESTS`, `SKIP_ECC_CERTIFICATE_REQUEST_SIGNING` or
`NETSTANDARD*` was evaluated against the remaining TFM set (net48,
net8/9/10, plus netstandard2.0 inside `Opc.Ua.Types`/`tools`) and
simplified. Dead branches were removed.
- Example: `NETSTANDARD2_1 || NET8_0_OR_GREATER` → `NET8_0_OR_GREATER`.
- Example: `NET8_0_OR_GREATER || NET472_OR_GREATER` → removed (always
true).
- Netstandard-only code was removed: `UnixFileModeShim`, the CRDT
reflection path in `ReplicatedGossipOptions.CreateReaderOptions`, and
the netstandard2.1-only test variants.

**Custom test logic**
- `targets.props` drops the `net472`, `netstandard2.0` and
`netstandard2.1` `CustomTestTarget` profiles, `NetStandardTests` and
`SKIP_ECC_CERTIFICATE_REQUEST_SIGNING`. Supported values are now
`net48`, `net8.0`, `net9.0`, `net10.0`.
- The `NET_STANDARD_TESTS` define is removed from 29 test projects.
- The "build netstandard shells as net10.0" overrides are removed from
18 projects.
- `RestrictForLegacyTfm` now only applies to `net48`.
- `tests/customtest.bat` is updated to the new values.

**Build / packaging / CI**
- MSBuild TFM conditions are simplified: Kestrel package choice, MQTTnet
v4 (net48 only), BouncyCastle, Di/OpenUsd/Vision/Stress test excludes,
and `System.IO.FileSystem.AccessControl` (dropped from Core).
- The MigrationAnalyzer nuspec drops its net472/netstandard2.1 lib
groups. The Azure signing lists are updated.
- `get-ci-matrix.ps1` removes the net472/netstandard test profiles
(including the PR-gating `linux-netstandard2.1`) and the matching build
legs.

**Breaking API change (2.0 preview):** removed
`HttpsTransportListener.IsWssTransportSupported` and
`ReplicatedGossipOptions.IsGossipStateDecodingSupported`. They only
returned `false` on netstandard2.1 and are now always `true`. The test
guards that used them were removed as well.

**Docs**
- NuGet READMEs, `README.md`, `DeveloperGuide.md`, `PubSub.md`, the
certificate/ECC/identity docs and the 2.0 migration guide (plus its
`.agents` skill mirror) are updated.
- The migration guide notes that 4.7.2 consumers must move to 4.8 and
netstandard2.1 consumers to net8.0+.

### Reviewer notes
- The `System.IO.FileSystem.AccessControl` `PackageVersion` pin is left
in `Directory.Packages.props`. It has no direct reference any more, but
transitive pinning is on, so it was kept to avoid shifting resolved
versions.
- The `#if` rewrite was done mechanically by a truth-table evaluator.
The diff in the `.cs` files is limited to directive lines, removed dead
branches, and stale-comment updates.

### Verified locally
- `dotnet build UA.slnx -p:CustomTestTarget=net48`: 0 errors.
- `dotnet build UA.slnx -p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0`: 0 errors.
- Default multi-target builds (no `CustomTestTarget`) of Opc.Ua.Types,
Bindings.Https, PubSub.Mqtt and Redundancy.Server succeeded.
- net10.0 tests:
  - Opc.Ua.Redundancy.Server.Tests: 840/840 passed.
  - Opc.Ua.Types.Tests: 11363 passed, 1 skipped.
  - ModelDependencyScanner tests: 20/20 passed.
- The full test suite was **not** run locally.

## Related Issues

- None

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-02 17:09:49 +02:00
romanett ce88955f70 Harden encoders/decoders against untrusted input and align them with Part 6 / Part 14 (#4599)
# Description

Hardens the encoders and decoders against untrusted input and aligns
them with OPC 10000-6 (1.05) and OPC 10000-14. This comes from an audit
of every codec reachable from a peer:
- Binary, JSON and XML decoders and encoders;
- built-in and complex types;
- UA-TCP/UASC framing;
- PubSub UADP and PubSub JSON.

The audit found 97 issues: 1 critical, 7 high, 39 medium and 50 low.
They are all fixed here, one commit per finding (IDs B1-, J1-, X1-, T1-,
S1-, U1-, P1-, E1-, E2- in the commit subjects). Every fix was then
checked against the spec a second time, and the deviations that re-check
found were fixed as well (`*-spec` commits).

## Security (decoders reachable from unauthenticated peers)

- **Allocation from length prefixes (B1-1, B1-5, U1-1, U1-3).**
- Array, string and byte-string lengths are checked against the bytes
left in the message before anything is allocated.
- Arrays read element by element grow as elements are decoded, so nested
length prefixes can no longer multiply memory.
- UADP discovery counts and chunk reassembly buffers are bounded the
same way.
- **Stack exhaustion.** Nesting is checked for remaining stack
(`RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack` mapped to
`BadEncodingLimitsExceeded`), and the large Variant read/write methods
were split into scalar, array and matrix methods. Measured on 1 MB and
256 KB threads, no codec overflows at the default limits any more.
- **XML element depth (X1-1).** XmlElement values and raw
ExtensionObject bodies are copied node by node with a depth limit,
instead of with the recursive `InnerXml`, `ImportNode`, `InnerText` and
`DeepEquals` calls.
- **Limit bypasses:**
- JSON NodeId, QualifiedName and opaque strings now respect
MaxStringLength and MaxByteStringLength (J1-1).
  - Matrix rank is limited to 32.
  - Decimal size is bounded (T1-3).
  - XML base64 is checked before it is decoded.
  - XML arrays are checked before each element is read.
- **CPU and algorithmic cost:**
- UADP reassembly uses an O(1) overlap check with a per-message chunk
cap (U1-2).
  - PubSub JSON matches fields to metadata through a name index (P1-2).
  - LocalizedText "mul" text is parsed lazily (T1-5).
- Unknown SecurityTokenIds trigger a throttled background SKS refresh
instead of an inline call per datagram (U1-9).
- **PubSub metadata poisoning (P1-1).** Inbound metadata is registered
only for identities a configured reader expects, is capped, and an
unauthenticated message can no longer pin a version.
- **Exception contract.** Decoders fail with `ServiceResultException`
(BadDecodingError / BadEncodingLimitsExceeded) instead of letting
ArgumentException, InvalidOperationException, TypeLoadException and
similar escape.
- **UASC (S1-*):**
  - OPN and CLO must be single final chunks.
  - The certificate of an unsigned OPN is ignored.
  - The padding and ExtraPadding bytes are validated.
- A renewed token is activated only after a chunk has been verified with
it.
- A policy change on renewal is rejected before the channel certificate
is touched.
  - Secured chunk length arithmetic is bounded.

## Wire-visible behaviour changes

All follow the spec exactly; there is no reader for the old forms unless
noted.

- **UA Binary:**
  - Variant type ids 26-31 decode as ByteString.
- Picoseconds without their timestamp are ignored, and values of 10000
and above are clamped to 9999.
- A Null-type Variant with the array flag consumes its length and
dimensions.
- **UA JSON:**
- Messages are ExtensionObjects with the body inline; there is no
`UaBody` envelope any more (5.4.9 / 5.4.2.16).
- The Variant `Value` is omitted exactly for NULLs of nullable types
(Table 41).
  - RawData keeps nested UaType/UaTypeId and the StatusCode Symbol.
  - Duplicate member names are rejected.
  - `{}` decodes as a null ExtensionObject.
- Numbers and identifiers are parsed strictly and culture-independently.
  - QualifiedName follows 5.4.2.14.
  - Opaque bodies of known types carry the DataType id.
  - Enumerations without a literal are written as the number.
- **UA XML:**
  - The earliest DateTime is written as `0001-01-01T00:00:00Z`.
- Null typed scalars and null array elements are written with `xsi:nil`.
  - An ExtensionObject without a body has no `Body` element.
  - Strings XML cannot represent are rejected.
- Only the xs:dateTime and xs:date forms are accepted; a value without a
zone is still read as UTC, because published model files use it.
  - Only the Part 6 Guid form is accepted.
  - Booleans are case-sensitive in XmlDecoder.
- **UA-TCP:**
- OPNC/OPNA/CLOC/CLOA fault the channel. Older releases that split a
long-chain OPN into chunks are rejected, so this needs a release note.
  - The sender truncates the certificate chain to fit a single chunk.
  - The received certificate chain is sized from the chunk size.
- Hello buffer sizes down to 1024 bytes are honoured; below that, an ERR
with Bad_TcpInternalError is sent.
- A 4096-byte Error reason is accepted, and the SecurityPolicyUri limit
is 255 bytes.
- **PubSub UADP:**
- Chunk NetworkMessages use the Part 14 7.2.4.4.4 layout, and each chunk
is secured on its own with its own sequence number.
  - The Sizes array is part of the secured payload.
- Padded RawData keeps its length prefix, and null values are written as
-1.
  - DataSetMessages with the valid bit clear are skipped.
  - Null discovery arrays are accepted.
- **PubSub JSON:**
- Variants use `UaType`/`Value`, with the 7.2.5.4.2 top-level collapse.
The deprecated `Type`/`Body` form is still read.
- Status is written as a `{Code,Symbol}` object; a numeric Status is
still accepted.
  - Discovery messages follow Tables 188-192, with GUID MessageIds.
  - Enumeration fields are written as `Name_Value`.
  - Fields appended with a MinorVersion bump are accepted.

## Known deviations and limitations (documented, not changed)

- A known type whose ExtensionObject XML body fails to decode fails the
message, like a failing binary body. 5.2.2.15 only says the decoder
*should* continue, and continuing reopens the log-flooding path.
- Reserved Variant type ids 26-31 are passed to the application as
ByteString without the raw type id.
- JSON UaTypeId of an opaque body of an *unknown* type stays the
encoding id, because no type system is available to map it.
- PubSub JSON encoder:
- Structure fields without a subtype are still wrapped with a UaType,
and concrete multi-dimensional or abstract-rank fields still carry a
UaType (Table 186).
- Namespace-0 enumerations without EnumDataTypes are written as a
numeric string.
- Chunked transcoded frames have no writer group, so their sequence
numbers continue from the source number.
- Pre-existing and out of scope: the HTTPS JSON binding uses
Content-Type `application/opcua+uajson`, while 1.05 7.4.5 requires
`application/json`.

## Tests

- Every fix has a regression test.
- Tests that pinned non-conformant behaviour were updated, and their
commit messages say so.
- Fuzz seeds were regenerated where the wire changed.

Local results:
net10.0, 27 suites green (Types 11354, Core.Encoders 2933, Encoders.Fuzz
8112, Core 5955 + 1 known intermittent ActivityTraceFlags metrics test
that passes alone, Client 2732, Server 7802, Sessions 790, GDS 1234,
Subscriptions 641, SourceGeneration.Core 4266, PubSub 1490 and all
PubSub transport suites). Full UA.slnx build 0 warnings / 0 errors on
net10.0 and net48.

## Related Issues

- Follow-up: #4598 (possible throughput regression of per-element binary
array reads).

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed. (net10.0
suites run; net48 build only)
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-01 05:12:47 +00:00
romanett 3442950647 Return Bad_IndexRangeNoData for writes to a range beyond the target (CTT regression from #4573) (#4593)
## Description

Fixes a CTT regression introduced by #4573, found in a full CTT run of
master after the merge.

**Attribute Write Index `Err-001.js` went Pass → Error.** The test
writes a range that starts beyond the end of each array
(`1073741824:1073741824+len`), with data whose size differs from the
range by one element. It expects `Bad_IndexRangeNoData` or
`Bad_WriteNotSupported`. #4573 checked the size of the written data
before it checked whether the range lies within the target, so the
server returned `Bad_IndexRangeDataMismatch`.

Part 4 §7.27 says no data exists within such a range, so
`Bad_IndexRangeNoData` is the correct result. `NumericRange.UpdateRange`
now checks the lower bounds against the target first, for arrays,
Strings, ByteStrings and matrices. A size mismatch within the target
still returns `Bad_IndexRangeDataMismatch` (Part 4 §5.11.4.4), and the
existing mismatch tests are unchanged.

Also in this PR: `plans/ctt-issues.md` C1 now lists Aggregate –
NumberOfTransitions `003-02.js` and `004-02.js`. Since #4545,
NumberOfTransitions honours TreatUncertainAsBad, and the harness always
sends `UseServerCapabilitiesDefaults = TRUE` (Mantis 11420).

## CTT run (scripts 1.05.513, all 23 parts)

The run compared master with #4573 merged (`20c2d77d5`) against the last
recorded full run (2026-09-24, `22d07a31e`) at test-case level. It also
compared against master just before the merge (`87c35b84b`).

| Change vs recorded run | Cause |
| --- | --- |
| Attribute Write Index `Err-001.js` Pass → Error | This PR fixes it;
with the fix: Pass, 0 errors in the group |
| NumberOfTransitions: 11 cases Error → Pass; `003-02`/`004-02` Pass →
Error | #4545 (intentional), CTT defect C1 |
| Subscription Basic `Err-002.js` | Local project still claimed 100
subscriptions while #4545 raised the server to 200; passes with the
checked-in template value |
| A & C Refresh2/Shelving/Confirm: 9 cases improved | — |

Every other part is identical at test-case level, apart from the usual
"Timestamp shows a delay" warnings. All remaining errors are documented
CTT defects.

## Tests

- 3 new `NumericRangeTests` (array, String, matrix: range beyond the
target with a wrong-size slice → `Bad_IndexRangeNoData`)
- `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests` (net10.0): 11006 passed, 0 failed

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-29 17:55:36 +00:00
romanett 20c2d77d57 Fix Core/Types audit findings and conform them to the OPC UA spec (stacked on #4569) (#4573)
> **Stacked on #4569.** The base branch is
`romanett/practical-murdock-fd9c56`, so this diff shows only the commits
of this PR. Retarget to `master` after #4569 merges.

## Summary

Bug audit of `Opc.Ua.Core`, `Opc.Ua.Core.Types`, `Opc.Ua.Types` and
`Opc.Ua.Core.Schema`, with the findings fixed and the fixes grounded
against the OPC UA specification (reference.opcfoundation.org). 133
commits in four groups:

1. **Audit fixes** (`Fix <ID>: ...`): 116 findings from a read-only
audit, each with a regression test. IDs follow the audit scopes: T1-T6
`Opc.Ua.Types`, C1-C4 `Opc.Ua.Core`, S1 `Opc.Ua.Core.Types` +
`Opc.Ua.Core.Schema`.
2. **Review fixes** (`Fix review <ID>: ...`): issues a code review of
group 1 found, plus lower-severity leftovers.
3. **Spec fixes** (`Spec: #<n> ...`): the 18 places where an earlier fix
only partly matched the spec text.
4. Test and analyzer follow-ups.

Where `master` (#4516, #4522, #4540, #4564) or #4569 already fixed the
same issue, their version was kept and this PR only adds what they
didn't cover.

## Behaviour and user-facing changes

### Wire format and interoperability (breaking)
- **PubSub AES-CTR (Aes128-CTR / Aes256-CTR)** now follows Part 14
Tables 156/157:
- The counter block is `KeyNonce[4] | MessageNonce[8] |
BlockCounter[4]`, and the block counter starts at 1.
- The SecurityHeader nonce is 8 bytes: `Random[4] | UInt32
SequenceNumber`, with the sequence number starting at 1.
  - SKS key data is split with a 4-byte KeyNonce, giving 52 / 68 bytes.
- **Not interoperable with earlier releases of this stack**, but matches
the spec. There is a test against the independent RFC 3686 vector.
- **User token signature** (Part 4 6.1.8):
- The signed data is now built from the user token policy's
SecurityPolicy on both client and server.
- It also supports the SecurityMode None layout `ServerNonce |
HASH(ServerCertificate) | ClientNonce`.
- New overload `SecurityPolicyInfo.GetUserTokenSignatureData(...,
MessageSecurityMode)`.
- **Secure channel:**
- The ECC AEAD `LastSequenceNumber` is correct across the 32-bit
sequence wrap (Part 6 6.8.1).
  - The incoming chunk counts against MaxChunkCount/MaxMessageSize.
- The sender no longer lets a message through that is 24 bytes over
MaxMessageSize.
- The OPN response signature is verified without overrunning the buffer
(RSA_DH with differing key sizes).

### Sessions (server)
- **CreateSession nonce:**
- The client nonce is kept on None channels, because the None-mode user
token signature covers it.
- A nonce over 128 bytes returns `Bad_NonceInvalid` on every channel
(Part 4 5.7.2.3).
  - The duplicate-nonce check runs only on secured channels.
- A non-empty nonce under 32 bytes is still accepted on None, for
compatibility.
- **ActivateSession:** an embedded `EccEncryptedSecret` signing
certificate is validated with the server's peer certificate validator
(Part 6 6.8.3). Byte equality with the client certificate is only the
fallback when no validator is available. New opt-in interface
`ICertificateValidatorProvider`.
- **FindServers / GetEndpoints:** `GatewayServerUri` and
`DiscoveryProfileUri` are no longer swapped.

### Write, Read and Call (NodeState / node managers)
- **UserWriteMask:**
- Enforced for non-value attributes and for VariableType Value writes
(`ValueForVariableType`), returning `Bad_UserAccessDenied`.
- An unconfigured UserWriteMask (0, no handler) is not enforced, and
reads back as the WriteMask so Read and Write agree (Part 3 8.60).
- A throwing or Bad `OnReadUserWriteMask` handler fails only that item.
- **Index-range writes:**
- Slices are merged into the cached value under the attribute lock, also
for `OnWriteValueAsync` handlers.
- A data-change notification is still produced when the cache cannot
absorb the slice.
- The slice must match the unclipped range, otherwise
`Bad_IndexRangeDataMismatch` (new status code in `Opc.Ua.Types`).
  - A range past the target returns `Bad_IndexRangeNoData`.
- A handler without index-range support returns `Bad_WriteNotSupported`
(Part 4 7.27, 5.11.4.4).
- **Index-range reads on matrices** return partial results clipped to
the source, instead of allocating the requested size (a Read with
`"0:40000,0:40000"` no longer allocates about 1.6e9 elements).
- **DataTypeDefinition writes:**
- A value that isn't a decoded DataTypeDefinition, or whose kind doesn't
match the DataType category, returns `Bad_TypeMismatch`.
  - Null is rejected for concrete Structure/Enumeration/OptionSet types.
  - WriteMask is checked first (Part 3 5.8.3).
- **AnalogItem:** a null write skips the InstrumentRange check again.
- **Method call:** the async fallback passes the ObjectId to the method
handlers.
- **Redundancy:** `DistributedValueParticipation` merges index-range
writes and applies the index range on reads.
- **Change masks:** `ClearChangeMasks` takes the bits atomically, so
concurrent changes are no longer lost.
- **`AccessLevelEx`:** preserved by Clone/Export.

### Alarms & Conditions (Part 9)
- **Acknowledge / Confirm / AddComment:**
- Accept any EventId the condition or its branches reported while that
state is still pending (5.7.3).
  - An unknown id returns `Bad_EventIdUnknown`.
- An already handled state returns `Bad_ConditionBranchAlreadyAcked` /
`...AlreadyConfirmed`.
- AddComment on a branch no longer changes the trunk, and the branch
table is re-keyed when a branch's EventId changes.
- **Shelving:**
  - OneShotShelve without MaxTimeShelved no longer overflows the timer.
- A timed shelve is measured on the monotonic clock, so wall-clock steps
don't delay the unshelve.
  - The state is named `OneShotShelved`.
- **Audit events:**
  - They report failure for rejected method calls.
  - `SelectedResponse` is a UInt32.
  - A rejected negative Respond leaves SelectedResponse unset.
- **`ContentFilterElement.Validate`:** an unknown FilterOperator is
reported per element as `Bad_FilterOperatorInvalid`, instead of failing
the whole service call.

### ContentFilter evaluation (Part 4 7.7.3, on top of #4564)
- **Bitwise operators:**
  - The result takes the size of the larger operand.
- Boolean, numeric String and one-element array operands are converted
to integers implicitly.
  - Types without an implicit integer conversion give NULL.
- **Strings:** ordering is ordinal, no longer culture dependent.
- **Cast:** restricted to the Table 121 conversions, and QualifiedName
to LocalizedText is added. The general `Variant.ConvertTo` keeps its
wider set.
- **Null and empty operands:**
  - `Like` with a NULL operand is NULL.
  - Empty arrays of the same DataType compare equal.
  - Null-string operands are NULL everywhere.

### Encoders and built-in types
- **XML:**
- Strings keep leading, trailing and whitespace-only content (Part 6
5.3.1.5). NodeSet import opts back into treating whitespace-only strings
as empty with the new `XmlDecoder.TreatWhitespaceOnlyStringsAsEmpty`.
- Layout whitespace around `<Identifier>` values is ignored, and
trailing control characters are stripped from `s=` ids.
  - `XmlElement` ignores DTDs without expanding entities.
- **JSON:**
  - A DateTime without an offset is read as UTC.
- An unmappable `nsu=` NodeId and an unknown `svu=` ExpandedNodeId
decode to a namespace-0 String NodeId (5.4.2.10 / 5.4.2.11).
  - `svr=` is rejected in a NodeId field.
  - Bad matrix dimensions return `BadDecodingError`.
  - The non-strict body stack stays balanced after an error.
  - The nesting limits match between encoder and decoder.
- **Binary:**
  - `MaxByteStringLength` no longer applies to strings.
- ExtensionObject bodies count toward the nesting limit on seekable
streams (and in the XML encoder).
- **Parsing:**
  - The NodeId parser requires `i=`/`s=`/`g=`/`b=`.
  - `ExpandedNodeId.Parse` rejects an empty `nsu=`/`svu=`.
  - NumericRange rejects a trailing `,` with `Bad_IndexRangeInvalid`.
  - RelativePath escapes `#`.
- **Status codes:** `StatusCode.WithSubCode`/`WithCodeBits` keep the
severity bits and look up the symbolic id for the new code.
- **Variant / VariantHelper:**
- `TryCastTo` returns false on a type mismatch. So
`DataValue.GetValue<T>(default)` returns the default, and
`GetValueOrDefault` / `CastTo` throw `BadTypeMismatch` as documented.
  - `System.DateTime` casts are supported.
  - Concrete encodeable arrays (e.g. `Argument[]`) no longer throw.
- `ConvertTo` keeps one-element and empty arrays as arrays and checks
the conversion is legal for empty arrays.
- `CastFrom(object[])`, `CastFrom(Enum[])` and the obsolete
`Variant(object)` constructors keep the array shape (previously a
one-element array collapsed to a scalar and an empty one to Null).
- `TypeInfo.Unknown` / `Variant.Null.TypeInfo` report `ValueRanks.Any`.
- **Equality and hashing contracts fixed:**
- Types: Matrix/MatrixOf, typed-null Variants, NodeId (the namespace
index is now hashed), ExpandedNodeId, LocalizedText, DiagnosticInfo,
StructureDefinition/EnumDefinition, CertificateIdentifier, UserIdentity
and DateTimeUtc.
  - `MatrixOf.Dimensions` returns a copy.
  - Decimal equality and hashing now run in bounded time.
- **Localized text:** a LocalizedText with locale `"mul"` and no usable
translations, or null client locale ids, no longer throw.

### NodeSet, address space and utilities
- **NodeSet export/import:**
- Server index 0 is the local server on import and export, so local ids
are no longer written as `svr=65535`.
- `StructureDefinition.BaseDataType` is filled from the supertype on
import.
- **`NodeTable.Import`:** replaces duplicates, keeping the references
neighbouring nodes hold. `TypeTable.Add` detaches a re-parented type
from its old supertype, and `Node.Clone` gets its own ReferenceTable.
- **`StringTable` / `NamespaceTable`:** capped at UInt16 indexes
(`BadEncodingLimitsExceeded`) for Append and Update, instead of silently
wrapping.
- **Small fixes:**
  - `UnsecureRandom.Shared` is seeded randomly.
  - The peer's RetryAfterMs is clamped to one day.
- The `CancelAsync` and `string.GetHashCode(StringComparison)` polyfills
match BCL behaviour.
  - `CoreUtils.IsEqual` compares strings ordinally.

### Schema generation and ComplexTypeSystem
- **JSON schema:** describes the 1.05 layout with the compact/verbose
null rules, and now validates real `JsonEncoder` output.
- **XSD:**
- `EncodingMask` (`xs:unsignedLong`) only for
StructureWithOptionalFields.
  - Guid and StatusCode are complex types.
  - Standard types are in the `Types.xsd` namespace.
- **Structure-backed OptionSets** are described as `{Value, ValidBits}`.
New `UaTypeDescription.IsStructureOptionSet` property and constructor
overload.
- **ComplexTypeSystem:**
- A malformed type in a server dictionary is skipped per type instead of
discarding the whole dictionary.
  - Cyclic supertype walks are bounded.
  - Declared definitions are no longer changed.
  - A dictionary validator is kept only if the dictionary parsed.

### Certificates and trust lists (Part 4 6.1.3, Part 12)
- **Revocation:**
- Checked for issuers supplied in the peer's chain and for
inline-trusted issuers, against the CRLs in the trusted and issuer
stores.
  - A store without CRL support no longer hides "revocation unknown".
- `RejectUnknownRevocationStatus` is honoured for inline-trusted issuers
unless the entry sets `SuppressRevocationStatusUnknown`. This changes
the strict case of `ExplicitIssuerChainIsHonoredWithoutStorePathAsync`.
- **Basic constraints / path length** violations fail with
`Bad_CertificateInvalid`.
- **`TreatAsInvalid`:**
- Now yields `Bad_CertificateUntrusted`, which can't be suppressed or
auto-accepted.
- It is honoured on individual trust-list entries even when the
certificate is also in a store.
- **`EccEncryptedSecret`:** enforces the result of validating the sender
certificate.
- **`TrustListTransaction`:**
- Routes each CRL to the store holding its issuer
(TrustedCrls/IssuerCrls).
- Validates staged CRLs, including the store's CRL support, before
changing anything.
  - Applies certificates before CRLs.
- **Other:**
- One failing `CertificateChanges` observer no longer stops the others.
- `InMemory:` stores share their contents per path, and
`InMemoryStoreProvider` is `IDisposable`.

### WoT (`Opc.Ua.Types/Wot`)
- **Projection security:** projection security schemes whose qualified
names collide are refused. New diagnostic
`WotDiagnosticCode.ProjectionSecurityConflict = 6063`.
- **Input handling:**
- Invalid Unicode (lone surrogates, bad UTF-8) is rejected as
`JsonException`.
  - External-schema results are keyed per affordance.
  - A duplicate security-floor member is rejected.
  - `nsu=` ids are percent-encoded (Part 6 5.1.12).
  - The configured JSON depth is honoured on re-parse.
  - An oversized document is reported before it is parsed back.
- **Performance and limits:**
- Subtype-graph validation, `componentOf` linking and the namespace
table are now linear.
  - Namespaces are capped at UInt16.

### New or changed public API
- `ICertificateValidatorProvider` (server)
- `SecurityPolicyInfo.GetUserTokenSignatureData(...,
MessageSecurityMode)` overload
- `XmlDecoder.TreatWhitespaceOnlyStringsAsEmpty`
- `UaTypeDescription.IsStructureOptionSet` plus a constructor overload
- `WotDiagnosticCode.ProjectionSecurityConflict`
- `StatusCodes.BadIndexRangeDataMismatch` in the `Opc.Ua.Types` list
- `InMemoryStoreProvider : IDisposable`

## Not changed / open
- **Deferred:**
- S1-14 (BSD OptionSet size needs the base type in `UaTypeDescription`,
and BSD is deprecated).
- C2-7 (restoring the own-certificate trust exemption would accept
certificates the spec says to reject; removing the dead code is a
separate decision).
- A1-4 (config values keep surrounding whitespace, as the pre-April-2026
loader did).
  - H-2 (JsonDecoder has no real nesting counter).
- A2-3 (the StringTable cap also applies to diagnostics tables; default
`MaxArrayLength` already bounds them).
- **Needs a product decision:**
- The general `ConvertToString` writes a QualifiedName as `ns:Name`,
while Table 121 drops the namespace.
  - Short (< 32 byte) client nonces are accepted on None channels.

## Verification
- Every commit added a regression test that fails without its fix, where
practical.
- Before the rebases, with all audit and review fixes (before the `Spec:
#…` commits): 0 build warnings and 16 test suites green on net10.0. The
suites: Types, Core, Core.Encoders, Core.Security, Core.Schema, Client,
Client.ComplexTypes, Server, Sessions, Gds, History, Features,
Redundancy.Server, PubSub, WotCon and WotCon.Bindings. Core hit its
known intermittent end-of-run hang once, and reruns were clean.
- The `Spec: #…` fixes were verified per group on their own suites.
Those include PubSub.Udp, Redundancy.PubSub, PubSub.Server,
Configuration and SourceGeneration.Core.
- **Not yet built or tested on this base.** It was rebased onto master
(resolving overlaps with #4522, #4540 and #4564) and then onto #4569.
This PR stays a draft until the full run on this base is green.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-29 11:14:15 +00:00
romanett 442889cba5 Fix source generator audit findings; conform structure-field matrices and type metadata to OPC UA 1.05 (#4569)
# Description

This PR fixes a bug audit of the source generation projects
(`tools/Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration*`: model loading, NodeSet import, all
emitters, the Roslyn hosts and packaging). It also fixes a max-effort
code review of those fixes, and a check of every spec-relevant change
against the OPC UA 1.05 text.

- **Scope:** about 85 audit findings, 48 review findings and 32
spec-grounding items were addressed. Each fix has a regression test that
fails without it.
- **Wire change:** it includes one deliberate, stack-wide wire change:
**structure-field matrices now follow OPC 10000-6 5.2.5 Table 28**.

Most changes are internal correctness fixes. The sections below list
every change a user can observe: wire formats, generated code and API,
generated address-space content, diagnostics and runtime behaviour.

## Behaviour / user-facing changes

### Wire format (encoders)
- **Binary inline matrices** (OPC 10000-6 5.2.5 Table 28).
- **Layout:** a multi-dimensional *structure field* is encoded as
`Int32[] Dimensions`, then the values **without a length prefix**, with
at least 2 dimensions.
- **Empty and null:** any dimension <= 0 means no values follow, and a
null matrix is `-1`. An empty matrix is written as `[0,0]`.
- **Compatibility:** this is **not compatible with earlier builds of
this SDK** for matrix fields. It applies to generated types,
`[DataType]` types, `Structure`, client ComplexTypes and
`WriteEncodeableMatrix`.
  - **Unchanged:** Variant matrices (5.2.2.16) keep their old encoding.
- **Declared rank decides matrix vs array.** A 1-D `MatrixOf<T>` in an
array field or a Variable value is written as an array again.
Matrix-declared fields go through the new public
`EncoderExtensions.WriteInlineMatrixValue`, which generated code also
uses. A non-empty 1-D value in a matrix field throws `BadEncodingError`.
- **Decoder hardening:**
- Before allocating, the decoder bounds all matrix dimensions against
overflow, `MaxArrayLength` and the remaining message length.
  - The decoder rejects:
    - a matrix with fewer than 2 dimensions;
- a populated matrix whose rank differs from the field's declared rank;
    - a union SwitchField greater than the number of fields;
    - an EncodingMask with unassigned bits set.
- **Encoder `MaxArrayLength`:** the encoder enforces `MaxArrayLength`
for inline matrices, as it already did for arrays.
- **XML structure fields** (5.3.1, 5.3.4, 5.3.5).
- **Fields:** `Structure` and client ComplexTypes write fields like
typed fields (`<A>1</A>`, array elements directly) instead of a Variant
body.
- **Matrix fields:** `Dimensions` and `Elements` go directly inside the
field element, with no `<Matrix>` wrapper.
- **Empty matrices:** written as nil, because XML dimensions must be
greater than 0.
  - **Compatibility:** decoders still accept the old shapes.
- **Enum fixes:** enum array elements with value 0 are no longer
dropped, and enum array element names are fixed.
- **Other encoding fixes:**
- A null `DiagnosticInfo` structure field writes `0x00` instead of
nothing.
- A null scalar field in a runtime `Structure` is written as its default
instead of zero bytes, which used to shift every following field.
- A Variant holding an empty matrix encodes as an empty array instead of
throwing.
  - `Variant.Copy` keeps the matrix identity of null and empty matrices.
- **NodeSet export and the DataContract surrogate** write Variable
values with the Variant rules again. A null or empty `MatrixOf` variable
no longer produces invalid XML or unreadable NodeSets.
- **`JsonEncoder.CanOmitFields`** is `true` only for Compact encoding.
Verbose and RawData JSON include default-valued fields.

### `[DataType]` source-generated types
- **Default-value handling** (OPC 10000-6 5.4.1, Table 1).
- **Encode:** a field is omitted only when its value *and* its declared
default are the type's default (0, false, null). Fields with a
non-default initializer or constructor default, and empty strings, are
always written, so configuration files get slightly larger.
- **JSON decode:** a field missing from JSON decodes to the type
default.
- **XML decode:** a field missing from XML keeps its declared default,
which older configuration files rely on.
- **Why:** this fixes silent round-trip loss, for example
`SamplingInterval = 0` read back as `-1`.
- **Nested `[DataType]` types:** they are now generated inside their
containing types. Without an explicit id, their default TypeId and
XmlName are qualified (e.g. `s=Outer.Foo`); **wire identity change** for
nested types. Colliding activator names get a `_2` suffix.
- **Activators:** they are `internal` when the type, or any containing
type, is not public (was CS0060).
- **Matrix properties:**
  - `MatrixOf<T>` properties use the inline matrix encoding.
- Matrices of non-sealed structures, or with
`StructureHandling.ExtensionObject`, are written as ExtensionObjects.
- Their published ValueRank is 2, because the rank can't be known from
`MatrixOf<T>`.
- **Published StructureDefinitions:**
  - They include base-class fields.
  - Nullable properties are no longer marked optional.
  - Inline structure fields name their concrete type.
- **`[Flags]` enums:** they are published as plain enumerations with
their member values, which matches how they are encoded.
- **Other generated code:**
- `Clone` deep-copies arrays and matrices of structures, Variants,
ExtensionObjects and DataValues.
- `IsEqual` and `GetHashCode` are consistent: EncodingMask, active union
member and NaN handling agree.
- Pooled `Reuse()` restores the freshly constructed state through the
new `protected virtual ResetForReuse()`, and returns an instance to its
runtime type's pool.
- **Enum capture:** enum member values are captured culture-invariantly.
Negative values were lost on cultures that use U+2212 as the minus sign.

### Model-driven generator: generated code, API and file names
- **Removed API:** generated `*_Placeholder` proxy accessors (e.g.
`PowerTrainTypeClient.GetMotorIdentifier_PlaceholderAsync`) and fluent
`X_Placeholder()` accessors are removed; they could never resolve
anything.
- Proxy accessors now look children up by BrowseName with the right
namespace.
- `RoboticsClient` finds motors and gears by type and drives via
`IsDrivenBy`. Its topology snapshots used to be empty.
- **Renamed files:** generated files for a bound `[NodeManager]` are now
named `{Namespace}.{Class}.NodeManager.g.cs` (also `.Factory` and
`.FluentBuilders`).
- **Generated NodeState code:**
- Attributes are set through `baseState`/`nodeState` locals, so children
named like base attributes (e.g. `DataType`, `EventNotifier`) compile.
- Children that hide base members are declared `public new`, using names
reflected from the runtime.
  - `global::` qualification is used throughout.
- **Proxies and fluent builders:** a proxy whose supertype is excluded
(e.g. Draft) derives from the nearest emitted ancestor. Fluent wrappers
and NodeState factories fall back the same way; they used to fail with
CS0246.
- **Derived structures:**
  - The optional-field `EncodingMask` continues across inheritance.
- A derived structure over a base type from another model no longer
relies on `base.ResetForReuse`.
- **Default values:**
- NodeId, QualifiedName and ExpandedNodeId defaults resolve by namespace
URI (`context.NamespaceUris.GetIndexOrAppend`) and server URI.
- StatusCode, negative enum, `double`/`float` (shortest round-trip
literal) and escaped string defaults now compile.
- **Event records:**
- Vendor event records have `Decoder.GetStandardFields(NamespaceTable)`,
and their browse paths use the model's namespace.
- A field whose namespace is unknown to the session no longer matches a
namespace-0 field.
  - Companion `StandardFields` is `[Obsolete]`.
- Vendor simple subtypes such as `Percent : Double` map to their
built-in type.
- **Other fixes:**
- `MethodState.CallAsync` passes the real `objectId` to synchronous
`OnCallMethod2` handlers; it used to pass `NodeId.Null`.
- Enumeration fields with an explicit `Identifier` keep it, instead of
taking a trailing `_<digits>`.
  - Explicit NumericIds are no longer reused by automatic numbering.
  - Dependencies are loaded in topological order.

### Generated address-space content
- **Arguments:**
- Methods without arguments no longer get empty
`InputArguments`/`OutputArguments` properties (OPC 10000-3 5.7).
- About 2,660 automatically assigned namespace-0 NodeIds of 15000 and
above shift. Every NodeId in `StandardTypes.csv` is unchanged.
- **Permissions:** type nodes and method declarations on types now carry
the model's `RolePermissions`/`AccessRestrictions`.
- **Restored nodes:** NodeSet import keeps nodes that were silently
dropped before:
- `NamespaceMetadata` objects and the NodeSet's own TypeDictionary
variables;
  - ISA95 placeholders linked only non-hierarchically;
  - instances whose parent is in another namespace.
- **Import details:**
  - ValueRank > 1 without ArrayDimensions keeps its rank.
  - `svr=` indexes map correctly.
  - Invalid MinimumSamplingInterval values import as -1, not 0.
  - Localized texts prefer the invariant or English translation.
- **StructureDefinitions:**
- They include inherited fields, including for subtypes without their
own fields (e.g. `AnonymousIdentityToken` now publishes PolicyId).
  - The StructureType kind covers inherited AllowSubTypes fields.
  - Unions ignore IsOptional.
- StructureFields never publish ValueRank 0; a OneOrMoreDimensions field
without dimensions becomes rank 2.
- Fields with ValueRank -2/-3 are published as scalar BaseDataType,
which is what is on the wire.
- **OptionSets:**
  - Implicit fields get the next free bit.
- `OptionSetValues` uses null for undefined bits instead of "Reserved",
and structure OptionSets publish all their bits (no 32/96-bit cap).
- Numeric OptionSets are limited to their base type's width, and UInt64
bit 63 works.
- **Schemas:**
- Structures with inline-matrix fields are left out of the `.bsd`
(5.2.5).
- In the BSD, Variant-encoded and non-structure subtyped fields are
described as `ua:Variant`.
- In the `.xsd`, matrix fields are typed `ua:Matrix` with
`Dimensions`/`Elements`, and `EncodingMask` is required.

### NodeSet / model input handling
- **Model selection:**
- The newest NodeSet of a model is chosen by `ModelVersion` (SemVer 2.0
precedence), then PublicationDate. The `Version` attribute, which Annex
F says is not for comparison, is only a tie-break.
- The order is total and does not depend on input order; referenced
assemblies use the same rule.
- **Default names:**
- Invalid default Name/Prefix values are repaired (`201301ISA95` becomes
`_201301ISA95`, `class` becomes `class_`).
  - Valid names are unchanged.
  - Sanitising no longer depends on the OS.
- **`ModelUri` metadata** that doesn't match the NodeSet raises a
warning instead of silently losing the model.
- **Input detection:**
- Only XML files whose root is `ModelDesign` or `UANodeSet` are treated
as models.
- A malformed NodeSet stays a NodeSet input, so it no longer breaks the
ModelDesign pass.
- **`IdentifierFile` paths:** they are normalized (`./`, `../`), and the
suffix match requires a folder boundary.
- **Dependency payloads** (`ModelDependencyV1`) carry field IsOptional,
AllowSubTypes, ArrayDimensions and the producer's namespace tables in
skippable trailers, so old and new readers stay compatible.

### Roslyn host, diagnostics, packaging
- **New diagnostics:**
- MODELGEN036: `[NodeManager]` target not supported (nested, generic,
file-local or global namespace).
- MODELGEN037: `[DataType]` target not supported (struct, generic,
abstract, file-local or global namespace).
- MODELGEN038: the definition of an encodeable base type can't be found.
- **New validator errors:**
- a structure with both optional and subtyped fields (OPC 10000-6 F.13);
  - multi-bit or duplicate OptionSet masks.
- **Diagnostic locations:** `[DataType]`/`[NodeManager]` diagnostics
point at real source locations again, so `#pragma` and `.editorconfig`
apply. MODELGEN010 is the exception.
- **Incremental caching:** pipeline values compare by value, so
unrelated edits no longer regenerate the whole model or all
`[DataType]`s.
- **`ModelSourceGeneratorIgnore`** on a ModelDesign input is honoured;
the design still resolves as a dependency.
- **Cancellation:** a cancelled generation run propagates
`OperationCanceledException` instead of reporting a MODELGEN003 error.
- **Stack package:** the `Stack` NuGet package now ships
`build/OPCFoundation.NetStandard.Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Stack.props`,
so `StackSourceGeneratorMode` and `StackSourceGeneratorExclude` reach
the compiler.

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. The audit, review and spec-grounding reports are
available on request. Contains the matrix wire-format change discussed
for D-5 (OPC 10000-6 5.2.5 Table 28).

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
(`docs/SourceGeneratedDataTypes.md`, `docs/NodeManagers.md`, generator
readme)
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings. (`UA.slnx` 0 warnings / 0 errors on net48 and
net10.0)
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed. The
affected suites were run on net10.0: SourceGeneration Core/Roslyn/Stack,
Types, Core.Encoders, Encoders.Fuzz, Client, Client.ComplexTypes,
PubSub, Core, Server, GDS, Configuration, Di, Robotics, ISA95,
Positioning, OpenUsd, XRegistry. net48 was built; its test legs, and the
post-rebase verification, run in CI.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-29 00:47:40 +02:00
Klaus Landsdorf 797ca6fae4 Evaluate ContentFilter elements with null operands to NULL per OPC 10000-4 §7.7.3 (#4564)
# Description

`FilterEvaluator` returned FALSE for comparisons with a null operand, so
`Not(…)` over such an
element became TRUE and where-clauses selected events that do not have
the tested field.
OPC 10000-4 1.05.07 §7.7.3 requires that an element with a null operand
evaluates to NULL and
that a filter ending as NULL is FALSE.

Changes:

- `FilterEvaluator`: `Equals`, `GreaterThan`, `GreaterThanOrEqual`,
`LessThan`,
`LessThanOrEqual`, `Between`, `Like`, `BitwiseAnd` and `BitwiseOr`
evaluate to NULL when an
operand is a null value. `InList` returns TRUE on the first match
(unchanged), NULL if the value
  or an unmatched list operand is null, and FALSE otherwise.
- `IsNull` follows the nullable built-in types of OPC 10000-6 Table 1
and treats a null or empty
  array as null (OPC 10000-6 §5.1.11).
- `Between` with operands that have no common type is FALSE (§7.7.3), no
longer NULL.
- `Variant.IsEmptyArray` (new, public): true for a null or empty array
or matrix, implemented
through an internal `IElementContainer` on `ArrayOf<T>` and
`MatrixOf<T>`, so no boxing.
- Tests for every operator with null operands on either side, a missing
event field through a
`SimpleAttributeOperand`, `IsNull` per built-in type, `InList` with and
without a match next to
a null operand, and `Variant.IsEmptyArray`. A NULL result is asserted by
checking that both the
element and its negation are FALSE, which a TRUE or FALSE result cannot
satisfy. 14 of the
  test cases fail on master without the change.
- Changed existing tests: `EqualsWithNullOperands` expected
`Equals(Null, Null) == TRUE` and now
expects NULL; `ContentFilterTests.NonBoolWithBinaryTestCases` checks a
NULL result with `IsNull`
  instead of `Equals(x, Null)`.
- `docs/MigrationGuide.md`: new section on the changed NULL handling.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4556

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the CLA and read the CONTRIBUTING doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [x] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [x] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Test evidence:
- `dotnet build` on all seven target frameworks (net472, net48,
netstandard2.0/2.1, net8.0, net9.0,
  net10.0): 0 warnings, 0 errors.
- Locally on net10.0/net9.0/net8.0 (macOS): `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests`
ContentFilter/FilterEvaluator suite
(228 tests) and `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests` Variant/ArrayOf/MatrixOf suite (10
549 tests) green.
- `dotnet format whitespace|style|analyzers --verify-no-changes` on
every changed file: no new
  diagnostic beyond what is already present on unmodified `master`.
- Fork CI (this branch, full matrix incl. Windows net48/net472, macOS,
Linux, AOT, coverage gate):
green, 149/149 jobs —
https://github.com/biancode/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/36329950927
- CodeQL: success —
https://github.com/biancode/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/36329952444

Full disclosure, AI tooling (Claude Code) was used to investigate this
issue, implement the fix and tests, and validate the build/format/tests
locally and on the fork CI before opening this PR.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-28 16:30:00 +02:00
Copilot df927cbb85 Honor cancellation during TCP endpoint connection (#4553)
# Description

`SelectEndpointAsync` accepted a cancellation token, but legacy TCP
connection attempts could wait for socket timeout. Pending connection
cancellation now consistently surfaces as `OperationCanceledException`.

- **TCP cancellation**
  - Preserve native cancellation-token socket connect on modern targets.
- Normalize legacy disposal-triggered `SocketException` /
`ObjectDisposedException` to cancellation.

```csharp
catch (SocketException) when (ct.IsCancellationRequested)
{
    throw new OperationCanceledException("Connection attempt was cancelled.", ct);
}
```

- **Coverage**
- Add transport coverage for a pre-cancelled connection attempt and
verify no endpoint is established.

## Related Issues

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

<!-- START COPILOT CODING AGENT SUFFIX -->

- Fixes #4551

---------

Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-28 09:37:36 +00:00
Marc Schier f9892020a3 Add configurable server resource isolation (#4541)
# Description

Add configurable server resource isolation on top of the merged #4522
foundation.

- Coordinate connection, handshake, retained-message,
session-establishment, queue, execution, request-cost and parked-request
limits through one server-scoped provider.
- Keep configured startup, continuity/reconnect, control and
trusted-owner reservations inside existing totals. Shared capacity
remains usable up to explicit owner ceilings.
- Use authoritative Session membership for reassembly continuity
capacity without granting unrelated resource or rate privileges.
Preserve explicit owner mappings and bounded tracking.
- Cache immutable classification evidence while retaining current
Session and classifier checks.
- Support weighted request ordering or FIFO independently of resource
accounting. Installed providers enforce decoded-request limits in both
modes.
- Preserve fail-fast reassembly, valid Abort handling, fixed deadlines,
active-work protection, reverse-connect handoff and bounded OpenAPI
processing.
- Support custom-handler parking through `IRequestParkingPolicy`,
`WithRequestParking(...)`, and `RequestLifetime.ParkSink`. Parking
releases execution capacity only, keeping retained-data and parked
charges until completion. Built-in Publish and the global opt-out remain
unchanged.
- Provide direct, fluent and DI configuration, public incoming-request
parking support, effective startup limit logs and user-facing
documentation.

Balanced remains the default. SharedOnly without an explicit provider
retains shared behavior for intentionally incompatible/unlimited
configurations. Reservations are finite and are not one full-message
allowance per Session.

## Related Issues

Builds on merged #4522. Fixes #4554.

## Review and CI corrections

All three previously missed findings in [review
5326734718](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/pull/4541#pullrequestreview-5326734718)
are addressed in `9e25e4ecc`:

1. A custom FIFO provider receives RequestQueue, RequestQueueBytes,
RequestExecution and ParkedRequest accounting. A blocked head cannot be
overtaken.
2. `IResourceIsolationReassemblyProvider` replaces the sessionless
threshold independently of `UseFairScheduling`. The aggregate byte
ceiling remains enforced.
3. Runtime `ReservedReassemblyBytes` includes all configured protected
stage floors, including ControlReserved.

The review's two already-resolved changes remain intact.

The CI collection race was fixed at its source in `e1a994a4b`:
`ArrayOf.ToArrayOf` treats a separately read collection count as an
initial capacity hint and grows/trims for the actual enumeration.
Deterministic tests cover growth, shrinkage and stale-zero counts.

The subsequent recovery-test race was fixed in `05753ce77`: fake time
advances only after a gated keepalive response has been processed and
reset its timer, not merely after request arrival. Recovery-order and
timeout assertions remain intact, with additional response-state
assertions. Instrumentation reproduced the original failure twice; both
fixed variants passed 400 executions per framework.

CodeQL alert 388 was verified and dismissed as a false positive. Startup
logs contain aggregate numeric capacities, not credentials or caller
identities.

## Validation

| Scope | Result |
| --- | --- |
| Latest automated checks at `05753ce7775a58801b4ba9d8f6d7781b709d0b89`
| 167 successful, one package-publication check skipped, no failures |
| Remaining external prerequisite | `license/cla` pending: Contributor
License Agreement is not signed yet |
| FIFO/weighted queues, custom parking and server-channel selection |
175 passed on each net10.0/net48 |
| Isolation, configuration and parking-hosting selection | 259 passed
net10.0; 257 passed net48 |
| ArrayOf conversion tests | 73 passed on each net10.0/net48 |
| Recovery-audit and keepalive fixtures | 40 passed on each
net10.0/net48 |
| NativeAOT smoke from preceding updates | Published and executed
successfully |

No tests, assertions, coverage thresholds, or required checks were
weakened. The remaining CLA prerequisite must be completed through [CLA
Assistant](https://cla-assistant.io/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard?pullRequest=4541).

This is not CTT certification or an unconditional network-DDoS,
whole-process-memory or fleet-wide guarantee.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [x] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-27 21:11:52 +02:00
Cristi Pogacean 9b8a3b1188 Preserve node initialization and copied child ownership (#4544)
# Description

Preserve populated derived node children through optional initialization
and give copied children independent ownership by their copied parent.

- Track initialization from a source in `NodeState` and guard generated
optional-default recreation without removing the optional initialization
hook.
- Reuse `CloneChild` for dynamic children, generated typed children, and
method argument properties. Preserve the clone root's existing external
parent.
- Add cross-model initialization/copy regressions, method-argument and
nested-child ownership tests, and inherited alarm-subtree checks.

This PR contains only the six files for this fix group.
Certificate-store, runtime-type-loader, publish-queue and
transport-exception fixes are separate work.

## Related Issues

Fixes #4525.
Fixes #4526.

## Validation

Fresh focused Release/net10.0 checks on the final base:

| Fixture | Passed | Failed | Skipped |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| CrossModelInstanceTypeDefinitionGeneratorTests | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| Types NodeStateTests | 227 | 0 | 0 |
| Core StateTypesTests | 13 | 0 | 0 |

All three test commands exited 0. `git diff --check` and the
changed-file diagnostic check are clean.

Regression proof was also executed in the isolated worktree: with the
three production changes reversed, six generator cases failed with the
missing derived Temperature child while three controls passed; two copy
cases failed parent-identity assertions while the
external-parent/absent-arguments control passed. The production fix was
restored and the focused checks are green. The retained red runs
preceded the later upstream synchronization; the affected production
paths were unchanged by that synchronization.

Windows win-x64 NativeAOT publish and native execution also passed: main
178/178, Historian 2/2, MCP 3/3, no skips, every invocation exit 0.
These native runs preceded the final CTT-configuration/notes-only
fast-forward; this PR's six files were unchanged.

Local validation is intentionally change-scoped for this work, with the
full matrix and repository-wide checks left to PR CI. Repository
guidance and test assertions/timeouts were not modified. Local commands
used a NuGet v2 source override and disabled audit only on the command
line; CI feed/audit policy is unchanged.

Earlier broad attempts are not claimed as a completed local gate: an
unmodified-base durable restart timeout was reproduced before
synchronization (the later durable run passed), and the net48 runner
stalled after recording passing client tests. A direct client retry
subsequently exited 0, but the full net48 matrix was not completed.
Those results are not substituted for the focused evidence above.

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the CLA and read the CONTRIBUTING doc.
- [x] I have added regression tests and demonstrated failure without the
production fix.
- [x] The focused tests pass; no new compiler diagnostics were reported
by those builds.
- [ ] Coverage and the full net48/net10.0 matrix are verified by PR CI.
- [ ] All CI, CodeQL, and review feedback is addressed.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-25 12:23:49 +00:00
romanett 5d26f6f439 Fix JSON encoding fidelity issues found by fuzz crash replay and align with Part 6 (#4540)
# Description

The external crash corpus replayed by `Opc.Ua.Encoders.Fuzz.Tests` still
produced several hundred tolerated *encoding fidelity findings* per run.
They came from the 10 BinaryJson conversion targets (binary decode →
JSON encode → JSON decode). None of them was a crash or an unexpected
exception. Triage reduced them to three JSON encoder defects plus one
oracle rule that was stricter than the specification. While checking the
fixes against OPC 10000-6, two adjacent deviations turned up and are
fixed as well.

### Encoder fixes (`Opc.Ua.Types`)

| Defect | Before | After | Spec |
|---|---|---|---|
| LocalizedText with no Text and an empty/null Locale | `{"Text":null}`
(Verbose) / `{}` (Compact). Reads back as null and re-encodes
differently | JSON `null` (Verbose) / omitted (Compact) | 5.4.2.15 Table
39, 5.1.2 Table 1, 5.4.6 Table 45 |
| LocalizedText with empty Text | `"Text":""` written | Text not
encoded; `LocalizedText("")` is the null LocalizedText | 5.4.2.15 Table
39 ("not encoded if it is null or empty") |
| Variant/DataValue holding a **null array**, Compact | `Value` omitted
→ decoded as a *scalar* default (array rank lost) | `"Value":[]` |
5.4.2.17 Table 41, 5.1.11 |
| Variant/DataValue `Value` omission rule | Omitted for any default
value (including null *arrays*) when `IgnoreDefaultValues`;
`IgnoreNullValues` ignored | Same rules as every other field: a NULL of
a nullable built-in type is omitted when `IgnoreNullValues` or
`IgnoreDefaultValues` is set (like `WriteNull`); a default of a
non-nullable type only when `IgnoreDefaultValues` is set (like
`WriteValueProperty`). An array `Value` is never omitted | 5.4.2.17
Table 41, 5.1.2 Table 1, 5.4.6 Table 45 |
| `ExpandedNodeId.Format(context)` with a ServerIndex/NamespaceUri and a
null identifier | Returned `null`, so JSON wrote `null` and the server
index was lost | `svr=N;i=0` / `nsu=...;i=0`, consistent with the
`IFormatProvider` overload | 5.1.12 Table 6, 5.4.2.11, 5.1.2 Table 1
(NULL is exactly `i=0`) |

### Fuzz oracle and harness (`fuzzing/`)
- The round-trip oracle now treats null and empty arrays, and null/empty
LocalizedText Text/Locale, as equivalent in every mode (5.1.11:
"semantically the same for all DataEncodings… applications shall treat
null and empty arrays as equal"). Previously this only held when
`IgnoreNullValues` was set.
- `FuzzCrashAssets` no longer prints a stack trace or an inline base64
reproducer for *tolerated* fidelity findings. Only the one-line summary
entry is reported, and it now names the actual cause instead of
`TargetInvocationException`. Before, tolerated findings used up the
60-per-target reproducer budget, so a genuine failure later in the
enumeration printed no reproducer. The externally supplied corpus inputs
were also written into the pipeline log on passing runs.
- Three hand-crafted curated reproducers (9–23 bytes, one per encoder
defect) were added under `Assets/Repo/`, which is always enforced
strictly. Each one fails on the previous master and passes with this
change.

### Reviewer notes: observable JSON output changes
- `LocalizedText("")` / `("en","")` now round-trip with `Text == null`
instead of `""` (equivalent per 5.1.11).
- Verbose and Compact scalar Variant output is unchanged.
`IgnoreNullValues` alone now also omits a NULL `Value`, as it does for
every other null field.
- A null *array* in a Variant is written as `"Value":[]` in every mode
instead of being dropped in Compact, and a null *matrix* is written as
`"Value":[]` instead of failing with `BadEncodingError`.
- Variants holding a Variant or DiagnosticInfo still reach the writer
and are rejected as before (`WriteBadVariantThrows`).

### Testing (net10.0, locally)
- Opc.Ua.Types.Tests 10,542 passed, including new JsonEncoder tests for
each rule above
- Opc.Ua.Core.Encoders.Tests 2,929 passed (one expectation updated from
`"Text":""`)
- Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests 1,369 passed; Opc.Ua.Core.Tests JSON subset 83
passed; Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests 178 passed
- Opc.Ua.Encoders.Fuzz.Tests 8,112 passed; crash-asset tests in the
Certificates/Network/PubSub fuzz projects and Opc.Ua.Fuzzing.Tests
passed
- net48: `Opc.Ua.Encoders.Fuzz.Tests` builds with 0 warnings; net48
tests were not run locally

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue; found by triaging the fuzz crash-asset replay
output of the master pipeline.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-25 07:49:52 +02:00
Marc Schier 138086863b Fix audit findings and review regressions across the OPC UA stack (#4503)
## Scope

Audit fixes and review follow-ups across the OPC UA Core, Client,
Server, transport, and redundancy components. This includes implemented
Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 work; it does not claim that every item in
the 244-finding audit backlog is complete.

The review batch fixes mandatory full-key record protection and owned
plaintext buffers; transactional pending-certificate claims;
shared-channel nonce and certificate ownership; discovery and
token-policy validation; reconnect/callback ordering without changing
unbounded buffering defaults; server permissions, filters,
monitored-item lifetime, and alarm topology; historian paging,
retention, and annotations; atomic user/password metadata; and canonical
file identities with bounded alias and role refresh workers.

## Review-batch verification at `ab686ccae`

The following results come from fresh test builds using `dotnet test`,
`--no-restore`, `-m:1`, and an explicit `CustomTestTarget`. They replace
the earlier description's library-build/`--no-build` totals, which did
not establish the state of the merged test sources.

| Scope | Target | Passed | Skipped |
|---|---|---:|---:|
| Core review regressions | net10.0 | 827 | 0 |
| Client and lifecycle regressions | net10.0 | 630 | 0 |
| Server review regressions | net10.0 | 1970 | 0 |
| Redundancy Server / Client / PubSub | net10.0 | 276 / 10 / 11 | 0 |
| Sessions / file-and-alias / streaming / HTTPS-WSS integration |
net10.0 | 8 / 21 / 30 / 20 | 0 |
| Core review regressions | net48 | 786 | 39 |
| Client recovery and policy regressions | net48 | 54 | 0 |
| Server ownership, aliases, queues, and user-state regressions | net48
| 137 | 0 |

Every listed run exited successfully. The 39 net48 skips are existing
platform/capability cases. New key-agreement tests assert
unavailable-policy behavior on unsupported targets rather than adding
skips or pretending those targets performed an unsupported handshake.
Additional exact node/permission/filter/alarm checks passed 13 Core and
46 Server cases.

The PR-scoped formatter verification covers 26 projects and 389
non-generated C# files. A Roslyn syntax audit covers 53 changed
interfaces and 263 members, with no missing
parameter/type-parameter/return contracts and a 120-column limit for
their declarations and documentation. No full-solution,
all-target-framework, or NativeAOT matrix is claimed from these local
runs; the new CI run must establish its own result.

## CI follow-up at `e1bc3ac3b`

The follow-up fixes the failures reported by Azure build 18400. TLS
certificates retain configured DNS names, including mixed-case URI
schemes, without relaxing hostname validation. Reverse-WSS fixtures use
the DNS identity in the client certificate. Reconnect completion is
published only after cycle cleanup, so a subsequent reconnect cannot
join an old completed cycle and retain old certificates.

Certificate-alarm roots now support event subscriptions. The pump sample
has one continuous notifier path, with no duplicate shortcut. Historian
and aggregate fixtures share the provider's retention clock. Alarm
collection lets the server expire idle Publish requests rather than
canceling only the client wait. The corrected server, WoT, and
managed-session fixtures exercise valid requests and initialized
lifecycle contracts. Downlevel crypto tests preserve real credential and
key-ownership assertions without enabling unsupported raw-ECDH policies
or adding skips.

Fresh local evidence after integration includes:

| Scope | Target | Passed | Skipped |
|---|---|---:|---:|
| Client lifecycle / channel ownership / builder fixtures | net10.0 and
net48, each | 96 / 103 / 123 | 0 |
| Combined server lifecycle, events, aggregates, crypto, and contracts |
net48 | 358 | 0 |
| Full lifecycle plus certificate-alarm and aggregate fixtures | net10.0
| 116 | 0 |
| Final server-contract and history-routing delta | net10.0 and net48,
each | 84 | 0 |
| Subscription / XRegistry / WoT event regressions | net10.0 | 7 / 2 / 3
| 0 |
| Full Sessions project | net10.0 | 780 | 379 |
| Full ComplexTypes project / downlevel resolver fixtures | net10.0 /
net48 | 2854 / 15 | 0 |
| Full WoT project / downlevel structured-write fixtures | net10.0 /
net48 | 1496 / 27 | 0 |
| TLS domain-name regressions | net10.0 and net48, each | 21 | 0 |

All listed runs exited 0. The Sessions skips come from existing endpoint
and policy capability guards; they are not counted as passes. No skip
was added. Worker validation also covered full DI (426 passes), full
History (540 passes, 21 existing skips), 38 exact downlevel
event/history failures, and 60 repeated certificate-rotation race cases.
The final crypto fixtures passed 73 cases on each target with the
unchanged leak detector; a temporary premature-disposal mutation made
all three borrower tests fail and was then removed.

All 29 C# files in this follow-up pass included-file formatting at info
severity across 12 projects. The complete PR interface audit now covers
54 interfaces and 271 members with zero missing contracts or line-width
findings. No full-solution or NativeAOT matrix is claimed. New-head CI
has started and remains authoritative for the remote result.

## Test-result gate follow-up at `4b6e1203a`

Azure build 18401 reported the net48 Client job as successful despite a
test-host crash after only 264 passing tests. Its old evaluator counted
per-test failures but ignored the failed run verdict. This was a partial
run, not a benign exit after the suite had completed.

The shared result evaluator now rejects aborted, errored, incomplete,
malformed, or inconsistent TRX reports. Each file must describe a
completed run, so a passing file cannot mask another file's failure. It
retains support for completed runs followed by a benign nonzero host
exit, existing skipped-result conventions, and no-TRX MTP jobs.

All 78 regression cases pass after integration using Windows PowerShell
5.1. Real completed Sessions and Client reports also pass. The
process-test fixture follows the existing NET10_0-only tools-test
pattern; its net48 build is not counted as a test run. Formatting passes
for the added test file.

The Client host crash itself has not reproduced locally. The isolated
fixture passed 59 tests, and two fresh full fast-CI selections each
completed with 2,392 passes and three existing skips, including a run
with crash collection enabled. The CI merge tree is identical to the
tested source tree. No speculative runtime change was made, and the
original partial CI run is not claimed as a full-suite pass. Azure build
18402 has now completed the full net48 Client run: 2,392 passed, three
existing console skips, and a successful test-host exit. The corrected
evaluator independently validated outcome=Completed. Across the matrix,
119 test-project jobs succeeded; Sessions net10.0 was canceled when the
remote provider deprovisioned its runner, so the overall Azure pipeline
was canceled. That cancellation is not claimed as a code failure or a
successful run. CodeQL and three Docker image jobs were still running at
the latest check. The migration discovery failure remains separate.

## Documentation follow-up at `57ed02bea`

The environment blocker has been removed by the maintainer. The three
bundled migration references now exactly match the canonical documents
after deterministic link rewriting; all 15 bundled documents pass
`validate-migration-plugin.ps1`. The canonical migration prose was not
rewritten. `FileSystemClient.md` now documents that extended Windows
roots preserve literal trailing-dot names, completing the filesystem
review follow-up.

The filesystem thread has been replied to and resolved after
publication. The review pass now has 108 of 110 threads resolved. The
two explanation-only threads remain open as requested; no unfinished
change request is being represented as resolved.

## Cross-platform follow-up at `0d9d936a8`

With migration discovery restored, the Linux and macOS test matrix
exposed two stale durable-subscription expectations. The expected value
83,442 encoded the old 32-bit overflow when converting 3,600 hours to
milliseconds. The existing overflow-safe server correctly returns
14,400,000 lifetime intervals at a 900 ms publishing interval. Only
those two expected constants changed; production behavior,
negotiated-hour checks, and all other assertions remain unchanged.

The exact local lifetime selection reproduced both failures before the
correction. The full durable suite now passes 36 cases with 11 existing
skips on each of net10.0 and net48. All four lifetime cases executed and
passed on both targets, and included-file info-severity formatting
passes.

## Session shutdown follow-up at `8daf7f091`

A late net48 Sessions failure exposed a shutdown race. Canceling an
in-flight keepalive read can produce a transport
`ServiceResultException`. The retiring worker treated its own
cancellation as proof that the peer was unavailable, so `CloseAsync` or
`DisposeAsync` could skip the server-side `CloseSession` request. The
worker now ignores that service error only when its own token is
canceled; genuine peer errors still update liveness.

The full integration fixture reproduced the original error-code
mismatch. Four deterministic mock-transport cases then produced three
failures and one passing genuine-error control before the fix. They
verify successful close, returned server error, asynchronous disposal,
and unchanged behavior for a real keepalive failure. Fresh related runs
pass 75 client and 101 integration cases on each of net48 and net10.0,
with no skips. Ten repetitions of the formerly flaky full net48 fixture
pass all 1,010 cases. All three changed files pass info-severity
formatting, and temporary diagnostic instrumentation was removed.

## Atomic listener snapshot follow-up at `82dc22b5d`

Ubuntu Core CI exposed an unsafe formatter rewrite in TCP listener
disposal: `ConcurrentDictionary.ToArray()` had become a collection
spread. A concurrent channel removal between the spread's count and copy
operations could leave a default entry, causing a null dereference
during disposal. The listener now uses the dictionary's atomic `Values`
snapshot and disposes those channels outside the listener lock.

Deterministic regressions close zero, one, or all channels at the copy
boundary. Before the fix, the one/all-removal cases reproduced the exact
null dereference; the unchanged-count control passed. All 23
admission/listener cases now pass on net10.0 and net48, and the full
fast Core net10.0 suite passes 5,267 cases with 88 existing platform
skips. Both changed files pass info-severity formatting. A bounded audit
of the formatter's other snapshot rewrites found no further verified
unsafe concurrent-registry copies.

## Shutdown-test observation follow-up at `58403ee8b`

The net48 shutdown-order test raced its own observation: it read
`m_publishWorkerTask` after starting shutdown, which can legitimately
drain the worker and clear that field immediately. The test now captures
the worker before shutdown starts and confirms it is initially running.
It still requires the worker to finish while shutdown remains blocked by
the held manager semaphore. Production behavior is unchanged.

A temporary scheduling perturbation reproduced the exact null-field
failure. The corrected capture passed 100 perturbed iterations; both the
temporary repeat and yield were then removed. The final 126
subscription/lifecycle cases pass on each of net48 and net10.0, and
formatting passes. A complete local Sessions net10.0 run also passed 780
cases with 379 existing capability skips in 7m20s after the earlier
keepalive correction.

## Retirement and alias-startup follow-up at `1a048ff39`

The shadow-generation test now observes its documented asynchronous
cleanup through the existing bounded helper. Removing the replacement
does not join a background drain that already claimed the retired
generation. The test still checks live-registration removal immediately
and requires the old node to disappear; no timeout or production
lifecycle behavior changed. All 81 lifecycle cases pass on each of
net10.0 and net48.

Initial alias-node materialization now retries one timed-out, read-only
snapshot query before creating nodes for that root. The retry is logged
through source-generated logging. Each query retains the original shared
100 ms deadline; repeated timeouts, other errors, and cancellation still
abort startup. Client searches and live refresh do not gain this
immediate retry. Fault-injection tests cover success after one timeout,
a persistent timeout, a different store failure, and cancellation. All
187 related alias/hosting cases and the original certificate-rotation
integration case pass on each target; the positive test records exactly
one retry warning. The alias documentation now accurately describes the
shared request budget.

All changed C# files pass formatter checks, and the complete
54-interface/271-member documentation audit passes. Fresh CI is running
on `1a048ff39`; the previous completed matrix exposed only the two
failures corrected in this batch and their dependent summaries.

## Sample endpoint allocation follow-up at `d08a94925`

The strong-cluster test harness allocated OPC UA and Raft endpoints in
separate released-port batches. Uniqueness was enforced only inside each
batch, so the same OS-assigned port could appear in both protocol
groups. The harness now requests one distinct batch for both groups and
splits it before launching any replicas.

Deterministic one- and three-replica allocation cases reproduced
overlapping groups with the old plan and pass with the corrected plan.
The complete 17-case short-haul sample suite passes without skips; all
failover, historian-continuation, and service assertions remain
unchanged. Both changed files pass info-severity formatting. This
prevents intra-cluster self-collisions but does not claim to reserve
released ports against unrelated external processes.

## Code-review follow-up at `085fd9636`

A review of the complete branch diff found five defects this PR
introduced. All are now fixed, each in its own commit.

`RelatedTo`'s recursive-to-iterative rewrite defaulted the optional
`includeTypeDefinitionSubtypes` and `includeReferenceTypeSubtypes`
operands to `false`. Part 4 §7.7.4 specifies both default to `true`, so
a filter that omitted them silently stopped matching subtypes.
Dynamically created key-credential nodes derived their namespace from
the containing folder, which is the standard `i=18155` node in namespace
0 — the namespace reserved for the OPC UA standard address space; they
now resolve the server-owned namespace and fail with `BadInternalError`
rather than guessing index 1. The retained audience-less
`CreateTokenData` overload produced tokens that verification always
rejects, so it is now `[Obsolete]` and throws instead. A failed
reference to a remote parent left the new node registered with a
one-sided inverse reference, and is now rolled back. An existing `.pfx`
is restricted before it is rewritten, rather than after its new key
bytes are on disk.

One further reported finding was rejected after investigation.
`JwksIssuerKeyResolver` deliberately does not dispose retired key
snapshots: `RetiredKeysAreCollectibleWhileResolverRemainsAliveAsync`
proves the resolver retains no retired snapshot, and
`ReturnedKeysSurviveRepeatedRefreshAndResolverDisposalAsync` requires
already-returned keys to keep verifying across refreshes and resolver
disposal. Adding disposal would have broken that tested contract, so the
exploratory change was reverted.

Validated on net10.0 and net48: 256 Core and 633 Server cases pass, with
one pre-existing net48 skip. The build reports zero compiler and
analyzer diagnostics, all eight included-file info-format checks pass,
the contract audit covers 58 interfaces and 310 members with no
findings, and the 15 bundled migration documents validate. All 122
review threads are resolved; the key-credential namespace thread was
reopened to retract an earlier incorrect answer and then resolved
against the real fix.
## Review-body follow-up at `da0d59cfb`

The re-review at `8daf7f091 + 82dc22b5d` listed four items in its
summary that had no inline thread of their own, so they had not been
picked up. All four are now fixed.

Both event-dispatch permission gates had been tightened from not-Bad to
`IsGood`, which silently dropped events whose permission verdict is
Uncertain; the data-change path in the same file still treated Uncertain
as deliverable, so the two had diverged. `EventSourceRegistry` only
cleared `ConsecutiveFailures` when a source was deactivated, so a source
that had backed off to the 30-second cap kept that delay for the rest of
the process even after starting successfully.
`UserNameIdentityTokenHandler` built a temporary issuer chain whose
`Add` calls take independent certificate references, and never released
them.

The fourth was the receiver-side sequence rollover, which the reviewer
had correctly re-flagged as still open despite its thread being
resolved. `m_sequenceRollover` was set permanently, so the second legal
wrap on a long-lived channel was rejected and faulted the channel along
with the transport-reconnect OPN. OPC 10000-6 does not cap a
SecureChannel at one wrap. The flag is now cleared once an accepted
number has traversed the normal range, which keeps rejecting a replayed
low number that never left the rollover window.

Validated on net10.0 and net48: 636 / 593 Core cases and 135 / 134
Server cases pass, including the new
`UaSCBinaryChannelSequenceRolloverTests` and the Uncertain-permission
delivery cases. The build reports zero compiler and analyzer diagnostics
and the changed files pass included-file info-format checks on both
targets.

The previous head `085fd9636` was fully green: 279 checks passed and
Azure build 18414 succeeded with 137 of 137 jobs, after the platform
automatically retried a job whose NuGet tool download had hit a
transient TLS error.
## Reported issues #4508 and #4509 at `6ad1ecf16`

**#4508 (V2 subscription recreate deadlocks against a faulted transport)
was not yet fixed and is now closed by `bac260a06`.** Both drain sites
the report identifies were still unbounded. A publish worker that
started its request before the quiesce parks inside the service call on
the channel ready gate while holding an active publish request; the
recreate that would make the channel ready is the very operation
awaiting the drain, so the wait never ends.

The drain now cancels in-flight attempts through a per-attempt token
linked to the worker token. An aborted worker rolls its acknowledgements
back, releases the request and returns to the paused park instead of
terminating, so it resumes when the caller leaves the quiesce. Publish
ingress stays quiesced for the caller's operation, so
`DropPendingForSubscription` keeps the guarantee the report asks to
preserve and no blind timeout is added. The new regression parks a
worker on a cancellable gate that never completes on its own: it
reproduces the hang for the full 30-second budget before the change and
passes after it.

**#4509 (identity provider fails the initial connect) was already fixed
for its primary symptom.** `HandleConnectAsync` materializes the
provider's identity through `CreateIdentitySelectionContext` before the
first `CreateAsync`, so Anonymous is no longer substituted against a
UserName-only endpoint. `6ad1ecf16` adds the two remaining details from
the report: the enabled-policy set now includes the negotiated channel
policy, so a client cannot reject the policy it already accepted as
`NotEnabledByClient`; and when discovery has not populated the
endpoint's token policies the connect keeps the configured identity so
the attempt fails at the transport layer for the reconnect policy to
retry, instead of failing at the identity layer.

Validated on net10.0 and net48: 477 / 473 client session and
subscription cases pass, the build is free of compiler and analyzer
diagnostics, and the changed files pass included-file info-format checks
on both targets. The full `Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` suite also passes
locally on net10.0 with 782 passed and 379 pre-existing capability
skips.

GitHub checks are green on this head: Build and Test .NET 10.0, Docker
Sample Images CI, and NuGet Publish all succeeded. Azure build 18417
completed 134 of its 135 jobs successfully; its net10.0 Sessions job was
cancelled by the hosted-agent provider ("Received request to
deprovision"), the same infrastructure flake that hit build 18409
earlier on a head predating these changes. That job is not claimed as
passing, and the local full-suite run above covers the same project. The
previous head `da0d59cfb` completed Azure build 18415 with every job
succeeded.
## Review follow-up at `a08f0c12b`

Eleven new review threads arrived, nearly all documentation. Before
acting on each "this is new in 2.0" remark I checked the API against
`master378` rather than assuming, because a genuine 1.5 API still needs
its migration entry.

`ManagedSession`'s server-redundancy refresh had two hard-coded
two-second bounds. The new `ServerRedundancyOptions` exposes
`RefreshTimeout` for the metadata read and `PeerDiscoveryTimeout` for
each peer lookup, defaults both to the previous two seconds, validates
that a bound is positive or `Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan`, and flows
through `ManagedSessionOptions`, `ManagedSession.CreateAsync`, the
fluent builder, and `DefaultServerRedundancyHandler`.

`AsyncCustomNodeManager` and `KeyCredentialBridgeAuthenticator` are both
absent from `master378`, so their obsolete members had no compatibility
constraint and are removed rather than carried:
`AsyncCustomNodeManager.ReadInitialValue`, the audience-less
`CreateTokenData` that only threw, and the audience-less `CreateProof`
that produced a proof no server accepts.
`CustomNodeManager2.ReadInitialValue` and the `MonitoredNode2` migration
section are genuine 1.5 APIs and are untouched.

The documentation now states master's behaviour instead of the delta
from 1.5.378, with each moved item already covered under
`docs/migrate/2.0.x/`. `IHistorianAnnotationProvider` is described by
its annotation-time key rather than as "legacy" — it is new in 2.0, so
the label implied a compatibility constraint that does not exist. The
KeyCredential bridge payload's `"version"` field is explained as a
vendor-extension format version with no OPC UA counterpart, and its
version-1 upgrade narrative is gone. `CertificateManager.md`'s migration
walkthrough is replaced by the resolver API it targets.
`NodeManagers.md`, `Sessions.md`, `AsyncServerSupport.md`,
`Certificates.md`, and `Profiles.md` no longer announce features
relative to 1.5. `Benchmarks.md`, `WhatsNewIn2.0.md`,
`DeveloperGuide.md`, and `docs/migrate/` keep their 1.5.378 references,
which are their subject.

CI then exposed a defect this batch introduced: five fixtures resolve
`ManagedSession`'s private constructor by its exact positional parameter
types, so the added parameter compiled cleanly but made `GetConstructor`
return `null` at run time. `7df1d5c40` updates every site;
`Redundancy.Client` passes 126 of 126 and the affected client fixtures
112 of 112.

The BouncyCastle question is answered and tracked in #4510:
`Opc.Ua.Core` already project-references `Opc.Ua.Security.Certificates`,
which already carries the conditional BouncyCastle reference, so the
raw-ECDH polyfill belongs there rather than as a new Core dependency.
The `IUserDatabase` metadata question is addressed to another maintainer
and is deliberately left open.

## Reported issue #4509 follow-up at `5d4d13d63`

The reporter verified `6ad1ecf16` and found one case still failing,
correctly. The empty-token-policies branch kept the configured identity
so a server that is down surfaces a transport failure rather than an
identity error. A provider-only configuration has no configured
identity, so it kept `null`: `OpenCoreAsync` turned that into Anonymous
and `OpenValidateIdentity` rejected it with `BadIdentityTokenInvalid`,
silently ignoring the configured provider.

The branch now requires a configured identity to defer to. Without one
the provider is consulted, so its own `BadIdentityTokenRejected` names
the offered and rejected policy set instead. Two regression tests cover
both configurations; the first fails against the previous behaviour by
reaching the session factory with a `null` identity, which is the exact
step that produced the reported error. That branch had shipped without a
test, which is why the case was missed.

## Review and CI status at `5d4d13d63`

**All actionable review threads are resolved: 132 of 133.** The single
open thread is a question the reviewer addressed to another maintainer
about moving user metadata into `IUserDatabase`; it is left open for
them rather than resolved silently. Every resolved thread carries a
reply naming its fix commit.

**Latest-head CI is green on `5d4d13d63`: 279 checks passed, zero
failed, zero pending**, with one conditional signed-package publishing
job skipped. Local validation for this batch: the full
`Opc.Ua.Client.Tests` suite passes 2,430 of 2,430 on net10.0,
`Opc.Ua.Redundancy.Client.Tests` 126 of 126, and `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests`
590 of 590 for the affected selections. Both net10.0 and net48 build
clean for `Opc.Ua.Client`, `Opc.Ua.Server`, and the changed test
projects, and all changed files pass included-file info-severity
formatting on both targets.

The PR remains open; no merge was performed. As stated at the top, this
does not claim that every item in the 244-finding audit backlog is
complete.
## Latest CI follow-up at `b6f2dfa43`

Azure build 18442 exposed a net48 compile regression in the Kafka
adapter: `RuntimeHelpers.GetUninitializedObject` is unavailable on .NET
Framework. Commit `2cf1e0eed` now uses normal `ProducerMessage`
construction on `NETFRAMEWORK` while retaining reflection-based
construction for modern targets that can load a different Dekaf runtime
asset. The exact net48 CI selection passes 92 of 92 tests, and the
netstandard2.1 adapter guard selection passes 11 of 11.

After merging the latest `master`, GitHub Actions run 35643592139 is
green. The initial Ubuntu Core.Schema job built successfully and passed
160 of 160 tests, then hit an external 403 while finalizing its
test-result artifact; its failed-job rerun completed successfully. Azure
build 18451 was canceled when its remote provider deprovisioned the
net10.0 Sessions runner (`Received request to deprovision: The request
was cancelled by the remote provider`). Azure attached no test task log
or source error, and the canceled parent left that child check stale as
in-progress. No source workaround, test skip, or check relaxation was
made for either infrastructure failure.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 68f26810-22b8-476f-abcd-0a8c82d6e208
2026-09-22 09:10:58 +02:00
Cristi Pogacean 8889ffee0e Fix connector migration type handling and transfer recovery (#4496)
Preserve null enumeration arrays while restoring enum metadata,
reconstruct concrete structure collections, and schedule transferred
notifications for immediate republish.

Add regression coverage for issue #4494.

# Description

_Describe the changes here to communicate to the maintainers why they
should accept this pull request. By default - this will become the
Commit message after merging and thus define history._

## Related Issues

_Reference all GitHub issues this PR addresses. If there is no issue
yet, open one and link it here._

_If this is a relatively large or complex change, a design must have
been discussed in the related tracking issue and signed off (which
becomes the Architectural Decision Record (ADR))._

- Fixes #github-issue-number, ...

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-18 04:15:34 +00:00
Copilot d7dd1b0369 Fix telemetry component assembly identification (#4490)
# Description

Telemetry extensions resolved meters and activity sources as
`Opc.Ua.Types`, with results dependent on helper inlining. This
prevented reliable attribution to the emitting component.

- **Existing telemetry contract**: Add `CreateMeter(Assembly)` and
`GetActivitySource(Assembly)` directly to `ITelemetryContext`. The
separate `IAssemblyTelemetryContext` interface has been removed.
- **Reliable component attribution**: Capture the caller assembly in
non-inlined `CreateMeter`, `GetActivitySource`, and `StartActivity`
extensions, then forward it to the existing telemetry context.
- **Call-site routing and fallback**: Keep non-null meter calls on
`telemetry.CreateMeter()`. Use explicit
`TelemetryExtensions.CreateMeter(telemetry)` for nullable-context
fallback. Preserve default meter/activity-source fallback when a context
returns null.
- **Coverage and documentation**: Cover caller-assembly naming,
direct-context and extension routing, activity creation, and null-result
fallback. Update diagnostics examples, OpenTelemetry filters, and
migration guidance.

**Compatibility:** Direct implementations of `ITelemetryContext` must
implement the two new assembly-aware members. `TelemetryContextBase`
supplies both. This interface addition is documented in the 2.0
migration guide; legacy implementer compatibility is not claimed.

## Local validation

The Release build and focused `TelemetryExtensionsTests` fixture pass on
both target frameworks:

| Target | Result |
| --- | --- |
| net10.0 | Passed: 6, Failed: 0, Skipped: 0 |
| net48 | Passed: 6, Failed: 0, Skipped: 0 |

Both builds emit existing CA5394 warnings in
`NodeStateChildNameIndexTests.cs`, which is unchanged by this PR. The
full solution test suite was not run during this feedback pass.

## Related Issues

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

<!-- START COPILOT CODING AGENT SUFFIX -->

- Fixes #4483

---------

Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-16 11:07:17 +02:00
Marc Schier fa8d45f2cf Fix server/core validation, lifecycle and protocol regressions (#4477)
# Description

**Server/core audit fixes with regression tests. Latest review-fix
validation, merge validation and earlier acceptance results are
distinguished below.**

This addresses a 95-finding server/core report. Every finding was
reviewed with
the OPC UA specification knowledge base or, where the standard does not
prescribe a C# implementation, the corresponding ownership/configuration
contract. Incorrect or withdrawn subclaims remain qualified rather than
being
presented as additional fixes.

The original checkpoint covers session identity/certificate validation
and
revocation; certificate/key ownership and transactional updates; TCP
reconnect,
receive/admission and buffer lifetime; HTTP quotas; subscription
admission,
durability and pooled payloads; file-operation lifecycle; historian
aggregates;
fluent/state-machine behavior; and related utilities. It includes
targeted
regressions and directly related documentation.

The approved acceptance cleanup is separate in the commit history:

| Cleanup | Verified result |
| --- | --- |
| Invalid identity-policy and KeyCredential fixture inputs | Fixtures
explicitly advertise Username and use its generated policy ID.
Credential persistence uses valid clear mode inside the existing
encrypted admin context. Original permission, lockout and negative
encryption assertions remain. |
| Native GDS lifetime and concurrent connection failures | Retain
ApplicationInstance until client teardown. A deterministic native
reproducer proved the test-only channel cap of 10 was exhausted;
removing that override restores the existing bounded default of 1000. No
global serialization or production quota change. |
| Stress certificate ownership and close accounting | Balance two helper
references and the fake transport's server-certificate ownership.
Replace the invalid event-count bound with exactly-once physical
disposal, opens = closes, zero active entries and one logical entry
lifetime. |
| Participant deadlines | Use the injected TimeProvider with the
existing cross-framework WaitAsync overload. Tests pin one tick before,
exact expiry, terminal notification, recovery and timely completion. |
| Reproducibility and platform assertions | Preserve canonical WoT
bytes/hashes, explicit display-culture contracts and exact
numeric-vector assertions. Accept Apple's CryptographicException subtype
without weakening disposal balance. |
| Missing user-signature proof | Reject null/empty proofs before OS
crypto. Return BadUserSignatureInvalid per Part 4, 5.7.3.3. None-policy
and valid-signature controls remain. A CI-only test nullable-context
error was corrected without changing production behavior. |
| Durable sample restore and shared test storage | Dequeue waits for
actual batch residency instead of treating failed restore completion as
success, and restored files close before deletion. Five deterministic
regressions failed before the fix. The two fixtures that clear the
shared batch directory are isolated; all original 3,000-item assertions
remain unchanged. |

## Latest review follow-up

Commit `828856850219518970e8e2f580b8f94b3c1fc748` fixes the deferred
robotics
disposal reported in the latest review.
`RobotIntentNodeManager.DisposeAsync`
now joins a shared controller-host drain and then explicitly awaits base
node-manager disposal. A controller's bounded shutdown wait may defer
its
cleanup, but no longer lets the node-manager override finish early.
Concurrent
callers, including an asynchronous call after synchronous `Dispose`,
cannot
bypass the drain after the host list has been detached.

Synchronous disposal remains nonblocking for deferred work. Deferred
initialization failures are logged and retained, and base cleanup
failures
propagate to asynchronous callers. The existing controller-level bounded
disposal contract is unchanged; the node-manager contract is documented
in
`docs/Robotics.md`.

| Regression requirement | Evidence |
| --- | --- |
| Wait for deferred hosts; preserve synchronous compatibility and
concurrent joins | `NodeManagerAsyncDisposalWaitsForDeferredHostsAsync`:
four cases covering both entry-point orders and zero/positive host
shutdown waits. All four failed before the fix. |
| Wait through base cleanup and observe failures |
`NodeManagerDisposalWaitsForBaseCleanupAndReportsItsFailureAsync`: four
cases hold the actual base-resource semaphore, verify pending callers
after the host finishes, then check success or the same propagated
exception and exactly-once cleanup. |

The focused `IntentHostingCoverageTests` and
`IntentControllerHostTests.Dispose`
selection passed **30/30 on net10.0 and 30/30 on net48**, with no
failures or
skips. The final net10 solution build passed with zero errors and only
the four
previously documented CA2249 warnings in unchanged fuzz-test code. No
new
warnings, analyzer suppressions, dependencies, or weakened assertions
were added.
The review thread received a commit-specific reply and was explicitly
resolved.

This verification is scoped to the robotics feedback; the earlier full
Subscriptions-run limitation remains recorded in the merge section
below.


## Documentation review follow-up (2026-09-14)

Commit `f9a9686fcc5d3cfd19cbbc8c2d826e20f5c7e72f` addresses the six
follow-up
threads on documentation and implementation rationale. Each has an
in-thread
reply citing the commit and an explicit resolution.

Multiline XML documentation now covers the declarations introduced or
modified
throughout the entire PR, including internal contracts, samples, tests,
and
public members of related private helpers. A syntax-aware inventory
checked
**2,031 declarations across all 256 PR C# paths with zero documentation
gaps**.
A supplementary check also covers **75 previously unchanged public
members**
of private helpers involved in the changed code. Token comparison across
the
conditional-compilation branches proves this follow-up changes **no
executable
C# or test assertions**. Project-file changes are rationale comments
only.

The implementation questions are documented at their source:

| Question | Resolution |
| --- | --- |
| Certificate assembly friendship | Server Push configuration reuses the
internal explicit-subject CSR helper with the existing key; no public
crypto API was added. |
| Core.Types assembly friendship | Server builders use internal
transition callbacks/revision guards; Server.Tests checks the revision
deterministically without creating a public compatibility contract. |
| Always-single-reader notifications | One dequeuer preserves event
order; optional concurrency fans out within one event and joins before
the next event. |
| Asynchronous disposal completion | `DisposeAsync` already joins the
completion published after admitted operations and all cleanup attempts.
The compatibility `Dispose` remains nonblocking to avoid deadlocking an
admitted callback against its own drain. |

The requested detailed review disposition follows. It distinguishes
actual
fixes from confirmed policies and incorrect subclaims rather than
counting every
comment as a new runtime change.


### Detailed disposition of review 5191795284

The [SDK
review](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/pull/4477#pullrequestreview-5191795284)
was submitted against `1c4a9df6c`, before the subsequent merge and
feedback fixes.
Its **15 inline threads** have each received an action-specific reply
and an
explicit resolution. A fresh GraphQL query verified those replies and
resolution
states; the fixes in `b8a59990f` remain ancestors of the current branch.

| Review concern | Action and disposition | Concrete regression evidence
|
| --- | --- | --- |
| Injected certificate-store providers bypassed | **Fixed.**
Registration, configuration snapshots, and validation use the injected
providers. Explicit custom types remain authoritative; the built-in
Directory catch-all is deferred so native X509 paths and later custom
providers are not captured. Failed store opens dispose the created
store. | `InjectedProviderResolvesRegisteredAndConfiguredTrustStores`
covers default-provider ordering and both registration paths; provider
validation/open-failure cases and the unchanged
`TrustedCertificateInjectedViaIndependentX509StoreIsObservedAsync` cover
real use and independent-store visibility. |
| Unguarded timer-thread leadership callbacks | **Fixed.** Each
subscriber's exception is logged independently and cannot suppress
subsequent subscribers or fail lease operations. `IsLeader` reads the
deadline without invoking application callbacks. |
`ThrowingLeadershipSubscriberDoesNotFailAcquireOrDisposeAsync`,
`ExpiryNotifiesOtherSubscribersWhenOneThrowsAsync`, and
`IsLeaderDoesNotDispatchExpiryNotificationsAsync` were all demonstrated
failing before the fix. |
| Legacy pending-key provider accepts an unfinishable regenerated CSR |
**Fixed by explicit capability validation.** A provider implementing
only `IPendingCertificateKeyStore` receives `BadNotSupported` before key
generation or persistence when regeneration is requested. Existing-key
CSR/update remains supported. Regeneration requires matching-only
consumption; no unsafe destructive probing was introduced. |
`LegacyPendingProviderRejectsRegenerationBeforeCreatingOrSavingAKeyAsync`
checks no key or store mutation;
`LegacyPendingProviderCompletesExistingKeySigningAndUpdateAsync` proves
the supported flow completes. |
| Shutdown waits behind user deactivation | **Fixed.** Accepted
deactivations drain before the master's lifecycle gate is taken.
Configuration retains its binding until the shared drain completes,
including concurrent shutdown callers and direct master disposal. | Four
cases of `ShutdownDrainsDeactivationOutsideTheSessionClosingGateAsync`
exercise real configuration/binding/ServerInternalData/master reentry,
retained address space, exact session/subscription closure, and no
production cancellation shortcut. |
| Subclass cleanup runs under the operation-lifetime lock | **Fixed.**
Cleanup starts outside that lock. A pre-published completion joins all
disposers, and only the active asynchronous teardown context may use
guarded helpers. Captured contexts lose that privilege when the callback
exits. |
`SynchronousOwnedCleanupLetsSamplingWorkerReachClosedAdmissionAsync`,
`DisposeCoreCanUseGuardedMembersWithoutReopeningCallerAdmissionAsync`,
captured-context rejection, and exact cleanup-failure/ownership
assertions cover both synchronous and suspended cleanup. |
| Discovery requestId-zero chunk read after pool return | **Fixed by the
earlier merge.** Discovery validation precedes `SaveIntermediateChunk`;
no read occurs after that path can return the buffer. The ordering is
retained. | `DiscoveryChannelReadsTheFirstChunkBeforeItIsReturnedAsync`
uses a poisoning pool and the requestId-zero path. |
| T1.8 OPN cleanup misses post-decryption throws | **Fixed by the
earlier merge and pinned with new regressions.** Both sequence rejection
and certificate mismatch release the decrypted body and input ownership.
| `OpenSecureChannelRejectionAfterDecryptionReturnsEveryRentalAsync`
checks the exact audit status and pool conservation. Omitting either
corresponding release in an isolated snapshot made its case fail; no
mutation remains. |
| T1.2 mount-root protection depends on the provider | **Fixed at the
host boundary.** Separator-only aliases resolve to the protected root.
Traversal, empty/whitespace segments, backslashes, and drive/stream
qualifiers are rejected before arbitrary providers are invoked. Valid
nested paths and root destinations remain supported. | A deliberately
permissive provider is used by
`NonCanonicalObjectPathsCannotDeleteMoveOrCopyAsync` and invalid-target
cases; exact zero-call checks are paired with legitimate
nested-path/root-destination controls. |
| Inline trusted/issuer entries now face CRL checks | **Intentional
strict behavior, documented and tested.** A configured backing store
with strict unknown-status rejection requires current revocation
information. Explicit-only lists without a store retain their no-store
behavior. Actual revocation cannot be suppressed; a matching store
entry's policy takes precedence. |
`InlineIssuerWithStoreHonorsStrictUnknownRevocationPolicyAsync`,
`InlineIssuerRevocationIsNeverSuppressedAsync`, store-precedence cases,
and explicit-only controls preserve the missing-information versus
actual-revocation distinction in Part 4 6.1.3. |
| RSA minimum applied to unspecified ECC identifiers | **Fixed at the
application-certificate check.** The RSA minimum is compared only with
an actual RSA public key. An unspecified ECC identity is not replaced
simply because its key size is below an RSA threshold. |
`SilentCertificateCheckPreservesUnspecifiedEccIdentityAsync` checks DER,
thumbprint, store contents, and private-key retention; explicit RSA and
HTTPS minimum controls remain. |
| Failed directory refresh wedges corrective mutations | **Fixed.**
Recoverable automatic pre-refresh failures are logged and leave
reconciliation pending, but do not block corrective provider mutations.
Explicit refresh errors, capacity admission, caller cancellation, and
actual provider denials remain enforced. |
`CorrectiveDeleteRecoversAfterPersistentOverLimitRefreshFailureAsync`
converges an externally over-limit directory back to its exact allowed
contents. Capacity, cancellation/token, and six refresh-error controls
check negative paths. |
| Timed-transition rejection logs at 10 Hz | **Fixed.** Repeated
`(state, revision, status)` warnings are deduplicated without changing
the retry cadence. A different status or state entry permits another
warning. | `RepeatedTimedRejectionLogsOnceAndRecoversAsync` checks one
warning over eleven rejections and success on the next attempt.
Status-change and same/different-state reentry controls pin reset
behavior. |
| Bad unsubscribe strands retired-generation bookkeeping | **Fixed.**
Retired all-event bookkeeping completes even when unsubscribe reports
Bad; the first Bad is still returned to the caller. | Good and
BadCommunicationError cases of
`RetiredAllEventsDeletionCompletesBookkeepingAndReleasesGenerationAsync`
check event/snapshot removal, generation release, and exactly one
unsubscribe without finalization replay. |
| CSR subject parsing and fallback | **Fixed for existing and
regenerated keys.** Omitted subjects fall back to the actual stored
certificate. Regeneration resolves the public certificate's subject
before creating a key. Malformed or unresolvable subjects return
`BadInvalidArgument` before pending-key mutation. | Store-only fallback,
real-generator null/empty cases, and missing-subject/malformed-DN
controls verify the signed CSR, matching fresh pending key, unchanged
active identity, and no destructive side effects. |
| Committed RemoveUser change reported as failed | **Fixed for
RemoveUser and ModifyUser.** Accepted cleanup is still awaited and close
failures remain logged, but cannot replace the committed mutation
result. Precommit failures retain their original result and side
effects. |
`CommittedUserChangeKeepsResultAndPublishedUsersWhenCloseFailsAsync`
checks published Users, Good result, logging, and continued closes.
`FailedUserChangeKeepsPublishedUsersAndDoesNotCloseSessionsAsync` checks
BadNotFound with no publication or close. |
| Alleged pooled decoded-request aliasing | **No runtime redesign
needed; reviewer rebuttal confirmed.** The decoder copies the relevant
input data. Misleading ownership comments were corrected rather than
introducing a new dispatch model. |
`DecodedRequestRetainsValuesAfterInputBuffersAreReturnedAsync` checks
the exact decoded NodeId and ByteString after returned arrays are
poisoned. |

The current documentation-only follow-up rechecked **104 Core, 473
Server, and
4 Configuration cases** covering these concerns: **581 passed, zero
failed or
skipped**. The final net10 solution build also passed with **zero
warnings and
errors**. The complete earlier Core/Server/Configuration and net48
results remain
listed separately rather than being presented as rerun current-head
acceptance.

## Earlier review follow-up

Commit `b8a59990fe2e8e967a12ffd5d9158beed7831143` addresses all 19
review
threads. Each thread has an in-thread reply naming this commit and was
explicitly
resolved after verification; the final paginated query found 19 resolved
and
zero unresolved threads.

The follow-up fixes injected certificate-store selection (including
default
provider ordering and native X509 paths), actual-RSA minimum
enforcement, and
CSR capability/subject validation before key mutation. Node-manager
teardown
uses simpler scoped ownership and drains accepted user revocation
outside the
master gate; committed user results and retired-event cleanup remain
correct
when cleanup reports failure. File mutations can recover after failed
refresh
without bypassing capacity or cancellation, provider paths protect mount
roots,
and repeated timed rejections no longer flood logs. Leadership
subscriber
failures are isolated without callbacks from `IsLeader`.

Regressions also pin the already-merged OPN/discovery buffer fixes and
prove
decoded request values do not borrow returned input buffers. The strict
inline
issuer revocation policy is documented and tested, not weakened.
Existing tests
were changed only for the reviewed behavior: the incorrect
committed-user result
was corrected, and inline-issuer/root-alias controls were expanded.

### Review-fix validation

| Suite | Scope | Framework | Passed | Existing TRX NotExecuted |
| --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: |
| Core | Complete project | net10.0 | 4,970 | 88 |
| Server | Complete project | net10.0 | 6,414 | 69 |
| Configuration | Complete project | net10.0 | 231 | 0 |
| Core | Certificate, lease and buffer compatibility slice | net48 | 153
| 0 |
| Server | Reviewed lifecycle, user, file, timer and CSR compatibility
slice | net48 | 692 | 0 |
| Configuration | Complete project | net48 | 231 | 0 |
| CSR provider regressions | Final portable-mock follow-up | net10.0 |
11 | 0 |

All runs exited successfully with normal concurrency and leak detection.
The Server console reports 5 skips; its TRX additionally records
existing
assumption/explicit cases, hence the 69-record count above. The
Framework build
caught two modern-only `ValueTask.CompletedTask` usages in new mock
setup; only
those expressions changed to the equivalent portable
`default(ValueTask)`.
The complete modern suites precede that test-only correction; all
production
files remained byte-identical, and the corrected fixture passed on both
targets.

The final net10 solution build succeeded with 0 errors and the same 4
CA2249
warnings in unchanged fuzz-test code. Diff checks and changed-line
whitespace
checks are clean; whole-file formatting still identifies 10 unchanged
baseline
lines, which were not reformatted outside the feedback scope. The
committed
35-file tree was hash-verified against the validation inputs.

This is the review-feedback verification scope, not a rerun or sign-off
of the
historical complete platform/native/soak acceptance campaign below.


## Latest upstream merge

Merge `9d9bf679f317164c5b2b90924cd3cdc27a86d451` integrates `master`
through `162fc5ebb` (#4486),
including the AddNodes child-name index, shared certificate-error
reporting,
CTT sample-data corrections, and the accompanying regressions and
documentation.

The CreateSession conflict preserves this branch's certificate
ownership,
required certificate, application-URI, and channel-certificate checks.
The
validation result now retains nested errors through `ThrowIfInvalid`,
allowing
the upstream shared reporting helper to mask trust, policy, and
revocation
failures consistently without losing audit detail.

The new indexed AddNodes regression initially attempted to reuse a
deterministic
NodeId after renaming its existing node. Renaming frees the BrowseName,
not that
NodeId. `IndexedBrowseNameReusePreservesExistingNodeIdentityAsync` now
proves
both contracts: the derived-ID collision leaves the original node
intact, then
a fresh explicitly requested ID can reuse the old name while the new
name
remains protected against duplicates. No production identity rule was
relaxed.
The incoming seeded random-index test uses the existing `UnsecureRandom`
wrapper
with the same seed and sequence; no new analyzer suppression was added.

| Local merge validation | Framework | Passed | Existing exclusions |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: |
| Core, complete project | net10.0 | 5,081 | 88 |
| NodeState / BaseInstanceState | net10.0 | 579 | 0 |
| Server node management, certificate and session-security selection |
net10.0 | 112 | 0 |
| InformationModel node-management services | net10.0 | 29 | 1 |
| NodeState / BaseInstanceState | net48 | 578 | 0 |
| Core certificate validation, error reporting and TCP buffers | net48 |
111 | 0 |
| Server node management, certificate and session-security selection |
net48 | 112 | 0 |

All selected runs exited successfully at normal concurrency: **6,602
passing
test executions**. Modified test assemblies were explicitly rebuilt, and
the
combined name/identity regression was verified by name in both net10 and
net48
results. No skips or weakened assertions were introduced.

The final `dotnet build UA.slnx -c Release --no-restore -m:1` with
`CustomTestTarget=net10.0` succeeded with **zero warnings and zero
errors**.
The resolved source and adjusted tests pass whitespace verification, and
their
source hashes match the validation inputs.

This is merge-specific verification. Earlier review results and the
previously
reported incomplete full Subscriptions runs below remain scoped to their
own
commits; they were not reopened or relabeled as passing by this
operation.

## Previous upstream merge (2026-09-15 morning)

Merge `c4694e20ab089c555af233642042133ff3a03ac8` integrates `master`
through `484d6c887`, retaining
#4481's shared Like parser/GDS query fixes, #4488's RequestHandle
recovery in
ServiceFaults, and #4487's expired-session and durable-transfer
corrections.

Three conflict resolutions preserve both sides:

- Alias searches now use the shared `LikePattern` implementation,
including
upstream malformed-list validation. A timeout overload retains this
branch's
100 ms per-alias deadline and `BadTimeout` reporting without keeping a
second
wildcard translator. The shared matcher's original unlimited overload
remains
unchanged for existing GDS/ContentFilter callers. New regressions cover
bounded prefix/list scans, reuse after timeout, and the alias service
result.
- Expired activation closes outside the session-manager gate using
upstream's
once-only timeout claim, audit, and diagnostic accounting. This branch's
  original-channel and security-policy checks remain in place.
- TCP buffer tests retain this branch's ownership, poisoning-pool and
post-decryption checks alongside the upstream RequestHandle/fault
overload
  tests; neither set was discarded.

The upstream HTTPS binary behavior is intentionally retained: a decoder
`ServiceResultException` produces HTTP 200 with an OPC UA ServiceFault
carrying
the decoder status, response timestamp, and recoverable RequestHandle,
rather
than the previous HTTP 500 text response. Other exceptions retain their
existing HTTP error handling.

| Local validation | Framework | Passed | TRX NotExecuted |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: |
| Core, complete project | net10.0 | 5,054 | 88 |
| Sessions, complete project | net10.0 | 780 | 610 |
| Server aliases, expiry/security and subscriptions | net10.0 | 288 | 0
|
| GDS database, paging and live directory calls | net10.0 | 263 | 0 |
| Shared Like patterns and bounded evaluation | net10.0 | 109 | 0 |
| Subscriptions transfer/durability/service selection | net10.0 | 23 | 1
|
| HTTPS WebApi, complete project | net10.0 | 346 | 0 |
| InformationModel aliases | net10.0 | 54 | 5 |
| Shared Like patterns and bounded evaluation | net48 | 109 | 0 |
| Core fault handles, TCP/HTTPS and filters | net48 | 268 | 0 |
| Server aliases, expiry/security and subscriptions | net48 | 288 | 0 |

These selected runs exited successfully with normal test concurrency:
**7,582 passing test executions**. Sessions' console reports 379 skips;
the
TRX also contains conditional/assumption exclusions, so the table uses
the
actual 610 NotExecuted records. No skips or weakened assertions were
added.
The new `EvaluationTimeoutBoundsWorkAndPreservesPatternReuse` and
`SharedPatternTimeoutRemainsAnAliasServiceError` tests passed on both
targets.

**Validation limitation:** two unfiltered Subscriptions runs did not
produce
a final result and were stopped, including a retry with a hang guard.
They
are not counted as passing. The isolated failover fixture passed 2/2,
and the
transfer/durability/service selection above passed. The stall's cause
was not
established; no unrelated code or test was changed to conceal it.

The final `dotnet build UA.slnx -c Release --no-restore -m:1` with
`CustomTestTarget=net10.0` succeeded with **0 warnings and 0 errors**.
Whitespace verification passed for all hand-reconciled files, and staged
source hashes match the validation inputs.

These are merge-specific checks, not a new full platform/native/soak
acceptance
sign-off. Earlier review and acceptance evidence below remains dated to
its
own commit.

## Previous upstream merge (2026-09-14)

Merge `c3e09553e4d1509502d4ba751960d58491bea2cf` integrates `master`
through `6313e38a0` (#4478),
including the CTT-driven Part 13 aggregate corrections and FindAlias
argument
validation. The upstream tests and CTT documentation are retained.

The single conflict in `AliasNameWildcardMatcher` is reconciled through
the
branch's shared regex compiler: upstream malformed-pattern rejection and
`IsValidPattern` coexist with OPC UA character escaping,
whole-string/newline
matching, the 100 ms timeout, and service-level error reporting. The
upstream
ReferenceTypeFilter checks and chronological aggregate behavior are
preserved.

Local merge verification:

| Suite / selection | Framework | Passed | Existing skips |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: |
| Server aliases, aggregates and historian | net10.0 | 1,011 | 0 |
| Server aliases, aggregates and historian | net48 | 1,011 | 0 |
| InformationModel aliases | net10.0 | 54 | 5 |
| Features aliases | net10.0 | 11 | 0 |
| Client aliases | net10.0 | 28 | 0 |
| History aggregate/historical-access consumers | net10.0 | 265 | 0 |

All selected tests passed at normal concurrency. The final net10
solution
build passed with 0 errors and 0 warnings.
The resolved file's whitespace check and the staged diff check passed.
These
are merge-specific checks, not a new full platform/native/soak
acceptance claim.

## Previous upstream merges

Integrates `master` through `8e874d073`, including the Client, Types,
Core and
source-generator audit fixes in #4471, #4473, #4474 and #4475, plus the
event queue-size revision from #4480. The merge commits are `150ea0439`
(26 conflict resolutions) and `a0e17c07c` (the base update that arrived
during
validation).

The overlapping fixes are reconciled rather than replacing either
branch:

- **Rejected-certificate retention follows this branch, as explicitly
requested:**
zero means unlimited history; negative values disable new storage while
preserving existing backend trimming behavior (Directory clears prior
history;
shared key/value leaves it intact). The processor and manager policy are
not
  redefined, and documentation/tests describe the distinction.
- Preserve owned certificate snapshots and borrowed validation-core
lifetimes
  alongside upstream cache invalidation, store-first CRL checks and
  `BadCertificateRevocationUnknown` for unsupported revocation lookup.
- Combine exactly-once chunk ownership, receive-loop cancellation,
stale-epoch
rejection and detach-before-adoption with upstream
signature-before-padding
  verification and secret cleanup.
- Preserve pooled `HttpClient` per-request configuration together with
bounded
response reads and deadlines that remain active through body
consumption.
Regression cases exercise already-used clients and both timeout
precedence cases.
- Retain the binary-compatible channel-key constructor and normalize
omitted
profiles; preserve exact profile filtering and upstream binary-first
HTTPS/WSS
  endpoint ordering.
- Preserve monotonic lease expiry and stale-confirmation fencing while
adding
ordered, non-reentrant leadership notifications outside the state lock.

## Validation

Local validation of the conflict-resolution merge:

| Suite | Framework | Passed | Existing skips |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: |
| Core | net10.0 | 4,940 | 88 |
| Client | net10.0 | 2,278 | 0 |
| Server | net10.0 | 6,088 | 5 |
| Types | net10.0 | 10,394 | 1 |
| SourceGeneration.Core | net10.0 | 3,940 | 8 |
| SourceGeneration | net10.0 | 185 | 0 |
| Core | net48 | 4,855 | 104 |

After the subsequent four-file #4480 update, the related Server slice
passed
811 tests with 5 existing skips, the real durable queue-size cases
passed 6/6,
and EventManager's 21 cases passed again after analyzer-only
expected-array
cleanup. The final `dotnet build UA.slnx -c Release` with
`CustomTestTarget=net10.0`
succeeded: 0 errors and 4 pre-existing CA2249 warnings in unchanged
fuzz-test
code. Whitespace verification passed for the resolved files and the
follow-up.

Merge-specific proof includes
`RequestTimeoutRemainsActiveWhileReadingTheOpenApiBodyAsync` on
already-used
shared clients with either the request or HttpClient timeout shorter,
the
existing ownership/expiry regressions from both branches, and both
branches'
retention tests adjusted only to the explicitly chosen zero/negative
contract.

Earlier acceptance at `1c4a9df6c` passed hosted Linux/macOS CI, CodeQL,
image
builds and the canonical coverage gate (87.15% line, 77.27% branch,
92.14% patch).
Both Framework project matrices, all three Windows native suites (183
cases),
and the unfiltered net10 stress project (230 cases, including full
60-minute
chaos and 30-minute memory soaks) also passed. Those are **pre-merge
results**,
not a claim that the full framework/platform/native/soak matrix has been
rerun
on this merge. The previous acceptance workflow remains separate from
this
review-feedback operation.

Security checks, meaningful assertions, leak detection, default native
concurrency, full soak durations and coverage thresholds remain intact.
The user-set ready-for-review state is unchanged. No architectural or
complete
merged-head acceptance sign-off is claimed.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4476

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.
2026-09-16 04:42:09 +00:00
romanett 2415503ab9 Close CTT skips in the reference server sample address space, diagnostics EnabledFlag and project settings (#4485)
Closes #4479

The CTT skipped a number of reference-server test cases because the
sample address space, the diagnostics EnabledFlag or the CTT project
settings did not provide what the scripts need. This PR fixes the sample
data and the server behaviour behind those skips, updates
`samples/UAReferenceServer.ctt.xml`, and records the CTT script defects
that the newly running cases expose.

## Changes

### Sample address space (`ReferenceServer.NodeSet2.xml`,
`ReferenceNodeManager`)

| # | Skip | Fix |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Base Info Engineering Units `004.js`: ArrayItemType
`EngineeringUnits` have an empty NamespaceUri | UNECE `mV` (12890)
EUInformation, and the axis definitions use `s` (5457219) instead of
UnitId 0. |
| 2 | Data Access PercentDeadband `006/016/017`:
`DataAccess_AnalogType_Float` EURange 0..0 | EURange 0..100 like the
other analog items. |
| 3 | Attribute Read `033.js` (19 nodes): second dimension of 3 | All
`Scalar_Static_Arrays2D_*` are 5x5 (generated values; the Variant matrix
holds scalar Int32 elements). The code-seeded Integer/Number/UInteger
matrices are 5x5 too. |
| 4 | View Minimum Continuation Point 01 `012.js`, View Basic 2
`018.js`: Method/View nodes need two references of their own NodeClass |
`Methods_Void` HasCause/HasEffect to two methods, `Views_Operations`
HasCause/HasEffect to `Views_Engineering`. |
| 5 | Base Info Server Capabilities 2 `002.js`: no node without
MinimumSamplingInterval | `DataAccess_DataItem_String` reports
`Bad_AttributeIdInvalid` for the optional attribute (Part 3 §5.6.2). A
DA item is used because Address Space WriteMask writes every attribute
of the static scalars back. |
| 6 | Historical Access Read Raw `Err-025.js`: no non-historizing Static
Scalar | New `Scalar_Static_NonHistorizing_Boolean` (HistoryRead access,
Historizing = false). See the historian change below. |
| 10 | Address Space Atomicity `001.js`: no NonatomicRead node found |
New `AccessRights_AccessAll_NonatomicReadWrite`. The script examines
only the first 10000 variables sorted by NodeId string; the 5000 mass
variables sort before `Scalar_Static_NonatomicReadWrite`. |

### Server library

- **Diagnostics EnabledFlag (item 7, Base Info Diagnostics
`018-1/2/3`).** `Server.ServerDiagnostics.EnabledFlag` is writable for
SecurityAdmin or ConfigureAdmin over SignAndEncrypt (UserAccessLevel
hook, asynchronous write handler); other users get
`Bad_UserAccessDenied`. Transitions are serialized, including the node
removal. Disabling returns `Bad_NotReadable` for
ServerDiagnosticsSummary, its children and the diagnostics arrays, and
removes the session and subscription diagnostics nodes (Part 5 §6.3.3).
The server keeps the registrations: enabling restores the nodes of the
live sessions and subscriptions with the same NodeIds (sessions created
while disabled included) and resets the arrays to Good. Counters stay
cumulative (required by `018-1.js`). Subscriptions created while
diagnostics are disabled still get no diagnostics node.
- `DiagnosticsNodeManager.IsDiagnosticsStructureNode` had an inverted
NodeId check, so monitored diagnostics nodes never started the scan
timer; `OnMonitoringModeChangedAsync` counted every node and replaced a
running timer. Both fixed.
- **Non-historized nodes (item 6).** `HistorianDispatcher` raw/modified,
processed and at-time reads ask the resolved provider
`IsHistorizingAsync` and return `Bad_HistoryOperationUnsupported` for a
node it does not historize, instead of the empty result the in-memory
historian gave for any node.
- **Browse order (item 8).** `ReferenceDictionary.Find` returned
references of a type from hash-based target maps, so a Browse filtered
by ReferenceType returned references in a different order than an
unfiltered Browse. It now returns them in insertion order (no extra
allocation; a single match keeps the fast path). View Basic 2 `015.js`
compares both lists by index. The characterization test in
`NodeStateReferenceStorageTests` is updated accordingly.

### CTT project settings (`samples/UAReferenceServer.ctt.xml`)

| Setting | Old | New |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `/Server Test/NodeIds/Static/All Profiles/Scalar/Bool` |
`ns=2;s=Scalar_Static_Boolean` |
`ns=2;s=Scalar_Static_NonHistorizing_Boolean` |
| `/Server Test/NodeIds/References/Has References of a ReferenceType and
SubType` | `ns=2;s=References_HasReferenceTypeAndSubType` | `i=2253` |
| `/Server Test/NodeIds/NodeClasses/Object` | `ns=2;s=Scalar` | `i=2253`
|

`References_HasReferenceTypeAndSubType` loses its
HasComponent/HasOrderedComponent references in the source generator;
that is tracked in #4484 and not changed here. The Server object has
HasComponent and HasAddIn references.

### Decisions

- **Item 11, Attribute Write StatusCode & Timestamp `003/006/008`
(writing ServerTimestamp): unchanged.** The stack rejects writes that
contain a ServerTimestamp (`NodeState`/`BaseVariableState`), which Part
4 §5.11.4.2 allows (`Bad_WriteNotSupported`); the CTT reports it as "Not
Supported", not as an error. Side finding, not changed: the
StatusWrite/TimestampWrite AccessLevel bits are not enforced.
- **Item 6:** Part 4 §5.11.3.4 (Table 52) specifies
`Bad_HistoryOperationUnsupported`; `Err-025.js` accepts only
`Bad_NotSupported`, so the case now runs and reports that as an error.
Recorded as a CTT defect in `plans/ctt-issues.md`.
- **Item 12:** removed the stale Historical Access `Err-012.js` entry
(fixed by #4026).

`plans/ctt-issues.md` adds C32 (`Err-025.js` status code), C33
(Atomicity `001.js`: 10000 cap, operator precedence, substring matching
of `UaNodesToIgnore`) and C34 (View Basic 2 `015.js` index comparison),
and replaces the Err-025/Err-012 configuration notes with the new
settings and the EnabledFlag access requirement. Monitor Basic `039.js`
is already C17. The run procedure in `plans/ctt-testing.md` is
unchanged.

## Verification

CTT 1.05.06, scripts 1.05.513, `ConsoleReferenceServer --ctt -a`, fresh
server per conformance unit/group. "master" = 5362ec5e5 with the
unchanged project settings.

**Targeted CUs (skips before → after):** Attribute Read `033` Pass; Base
Info Diagnostics `018-2`, `018-3` Pass, `018-1` Warning (*"Session
diagnostics not available"* for the session the script creates while
diagnostics are disabled); Base Info Engineering Units `001`
Inconclusive→Pass, `004` Pass; Base Info Server Capabilities 2 `002`
Pass; Data Access PercentDeadband `016`, `017` Warning→Pass; View Basic
2 `005`, `015`, `016`, `018`, `020` Pass; View Minimum Continuation
Point 01 `010`, `011` Pass, `012` Warning→Pass; Address Space Atomicity
`001` Pass; Monitor Value Change V2 `042` Error→Pass; Historical Access
Read Raw `Err-025` runs (CTT status-code defect above); `013` fails on a
varying number of results per run (1–12, also 11 on master), the
documented continuation-point defect #16. Unchanged: Monitor Basic `039`
(CTT script error), Monitor Value Change V2 `020` skip
(`Arrays/ByteString` elements shorter than 4 bytes, not part of #4479),
Historical Access Delete Value all pass.

**Saved selection (1,882 cases) per group, errors:** Address Space Model
0 → 0, Aggregates 4558 → 4558 and Base Information 19 → 19 (identical
messages) measured master (5362ec5e5) → this PR; after merging master
(#4478) and the review fixes, Aggregates 4210 and Base Information 19;
Attribute Services, Base Services, Data Access, Method Services and View
Services 0 errors with this PR (0 in the recorded baseline).

**Tests** (net10.0): Opc.Ua.Types.Tests 10395 passed,
Opc.Ua.Server.Tests 5561 passed, Opc.Ua.InformationModel.Tests 1082
passed, Opc.Ua.History.Tests 519 passed, Opc.Ua.Client.Tests 2266
passed; no failures. New regression tests: `ReferenceServerTests`
(units/ranges, 5x5 matrices, missing MinimumSamplingInterval,
non-historizing HistoryRead, NodeClass references, Server object
reference subtypes, both nonatomic nodes),
`DiagnosticsNodeManagerTests.SetDiagnosticsEnabledAsync_Toggle_HidesAndRestoresDiagnosticsAsync`,
`BaseInfoEnabledFlagToggleTests` (admin-only write, Bad_NotReadable
while disabled, restore after enable),
`ReferenceTableTests.FindReturnsReferencesInInsertionOrder`.

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---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: romanett <7413710+romanett@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-15 16:59:04 +00:00
romanett 162fc5ebb3 Fix AddNodes scaling and OpenSecureChannel revocation errors found by CTT Monitored Item, Node Management and security runs (#4486)
# Description

Findings from running the CTT conformance groups **Monitored Item
Services**, **Node Management Services**, **Security General** and
**Security User Token** against `ConsoleReferenceServer --ctt` (CTT
1.05.06, scripts 1.05.513). The security groups ran **without `-a`**,
against an isolated server PKI built from the CTT's `copyToServer`
folders, so the negative certificate tests are meaningful.

## Server fixes

### AddNodes below one parent was quadratic (Node Management Delete Node
`Err-002.js`)

The CTT adds 15,000 variables below `ns=2;s=CTT` in batches of 5,000 and
warned that AddNodes responses took 400–800 ms. For every added node the
server searched all children of the parent twice: once in the BrowseName
duplicate check in `AsyncCustomNodeManager.AddNodeCoreAsync`, which also
copied the children list, and once in the NodeVersion lookup of
`FilterChangesByNodeVersion`.

- `NodeState.FindChild` now searches children lists with ≥ 64 entries
through a BrowseName index kept in a `ConditionalWeakTable`, so nodes
with few children get no extra field.
- It keeps first-match semantics and is maintained by
`AddChild`/`RemoveChild`.
- It is dropped on replacement and invalidated when a child is renamed
or moves to another parent.
- Lists whose children point at another parent (clones) are still
searched linearly.
- The duplicate check uses `FindChild` instead of copying the list.

| 5,000-node AddNodes batch (in-process, Debug) | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| before | 769 ms | 2,083 ms | 4,011 ms |
| after | 141 ms | 166 ms | 172 ms |

In the CTT, AddNodes of 5,000 items now answers in 51–72 ms and the
warning is gone.

### OpenSecureChannel leaked revocation errors (Security Certificate
Validation `002.js`)

Part 4 §6.1.3, Table 106:
- For the revocation check (`Bad_CertificateRevoked`,
`Bad_CertificateIssuerRevoked`), `Bad_SecurityChecksFailed` **shall** be
reported to the client.
- For a missing revocation list (`Bad_CertificateRevocationUnknown`,
`Bad_CertificateIssuerRevocationUnknown`), it **should** be.

`TcpServerChannel` masked only `Bad_CertificateRevoked`, and
`StandardServer.OnApplicationCertificateError` (CreateSession) had its
own list that missed `Bad_CertificatePolicyCheckFailed`. Both now use
one helper, `CertificateErrorReporting` in Opc.Ua.Core, which also
inspects the nested errors of the certificate validator (both paths now
throw the validation result with `ThrowIfInvalid`). Only validity
period, host name, URI and usage errors keep their own code, and audit
events still carry the specific result. The CTT warning is gone.

### Sample data

- **Monitor Value Change V2 `020.js`** skipped because
`Scalar_Static_Arrays_ByteString` had a 1-byte and a 3-byte element. The
script checks every element, and the simulation only padded elements
0–2. The seed value now has no element shorter than four bytes, and the
simulation pads every element.
- **Monitor Value Change V2 `042.js`** got 18 of 19 notifications. The
missing item is the Float matrix: its element [1,1] was
`-1.03179664E+33`, where adding 1 is below Float precision, so the value
really did not change. The server did not drop a notification. The
element is now `-1031.79664`.

## CTT results after the fixes

| Group | Result |
| --- | --- |
| Monitored Item Services (208) | Monitor Value Change V2 44/44.
Remaining: Monitor Basic `039.js` (C17, missing include), `038.js`
warning (C32), and 1–2 sporadic timestamp-tolerance warnings that move
between test cases from run to run. |
| Node Management Services (15) | Only Add Node `Err-008.js` (Mantis
11266). |
| Security General (314) | Certificate Validation: 23 pass, 24 not
implemented, 3 not-applicable skips. None CreateSession/ActivateSession:
all pass. The other 50 CUs are *Not Implemented* in scripts 1.05.513. |
| Security User Token (66) | Anonymous `002.js` (C35) and User Name
Password 2 `015.js` (C36) fail because of CTT defects. X509: 18/18
automated cases pass. |

## CTT defects documented (`plans/ctt-issues.md`)

- **C32** `038.js` compares a RevisedSamplingInterval of 0 with a
project setting instead of the node's MinimumSamplingInterval or the
server's MinSupportedSampleRate.
- **C33** `020.js` requires every ByteString element to be ≥ 4 bytes,
but its message says elements 0–2.
- **C34** `RequestedNewNodeId()` always sends `ns=1`, regardless of
`RequestedNodeId_Namespace`, so client NodeIds can't be enabled.
- **C35** Security User Anonymous picks the `opc.wss` endpoint, which
the CTT cannot open (`BadNotSupported`).
- **C36** `UaEndpointDescription.FindTokenType` rewrites the cached
endpoints' token policies, so `015.js` reports PolicyIds as reused. The
server's GetEndpoints output was verified compliant (PolicyIds unique
per configuration, Mantis 11258).
- Evidence added to **C9** (042.js) and **issue 17** (015.js).

`plans/ctt-testing.md` gains how to run the Monitored Item/Node
Management groups and a recommended setup for the security groups:
isolated PKI from `copyToServer`, no `-a`, PKI restore per part, and
waiting for `Server started`. Other findings recorded there:
- the Create/DeleteMonitoredItems timing warnings are jitter;
- `LoginNameAccessDenied` is not a real user;
- `samples\UAReferenceServer.ctt.xml` needs no change (enabling
`RequestedNodeId` breaks six Add Node cases because of C34).

**Note:** `plans/ctt-testing.md` and the refreshed `plans/ctt-issues.md`
are introduced by #4482. The plans files here are based on #4482's
versions, and new entries start at C32 because #4481 uses C19–C31.
Please merge after #4482 (or rebase the plans files onto it).

## Tests

- `NodeStateChildNameIndexTests` (Opc.Ua.Types.Tests): index semantics
(duplicates, remove, rename, replace, re-parent, clone, shrink/grow,
2,000 random operations against a linear search). Also a scan guard:
5,000 misses against 50,000 children take 97 ms with the index and 7,083
ms with it disabled.
-
`AsyncCustomNodeManagerNodeManagementTests.AddNodeAsync_DuplicateBrowseNameUnderParentWithManyChildren…`
- `TcpServerChannelCertificateErrorTests` (Opc.Ua.Core.Tests): masked vs
reported certificate errors.
- Opc.Ua.Server.Tests 5,553 passed, Opc.Ua.Core.Security.Tests 556
passed, Opc.Ua.Core.Tests (Security + Stack) 3,561 passed,
InformationModel NodeManagement 26 passed (net10.0).
- Opc.Ua.Types.Tests 10,404 passed and 1 failed:
`WotSpecFixtureManifestTests.EveryEmbeddedExampleMatchesItsRecordedHash`.
That test hashes WoT assets which are `eol=lf` in the index but CRLF in
this worktree's checkout; no WoT file is touched by this PR.

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the CLA and read the CONTRIBUTING doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I ran all tests locally using UA.slnx against .NET Framework and
.NET 10 (net10.0 suites listed above only).

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---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: romanett <7413710+romanett@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-15 10:08:30 +00:00
romanett 37d8716a9b Fix Like filtering (GDS queries, ContentFilter), QueryServers paging and FindApplications found by the CTT GDS run (#4481)
Triage of the CTT **GDS** conformance group (CTT 1.05.06, scripts
1.05.513) against `ConsoleReferenceServer --ctt -a`, which hosts the GDS
node manager. The baseline run had 60 errors in 4 CUs. This PR fixes the
three server defects behind them and documents the rest in
`plans/ctt-issues.md`.

## Server defects fixed

| Defect | Spec | CTT tests fixed |
| --- | --- | --- |
| QueryServers/QueryApplications Like filters: the hand-written
tokenizer in `ApplicationsDatabaseBase.Match` returned no records or all
records for `%_erver%`, `%e_`, `%\_%`, `%\%%`, `%[q-s]`, `%[^q-s]`,
`%_ompliance%`, and accepted the malformed `%[a^j-l]%` | Part 4 §7.7.3
Table 120 (whole-string match; "The ^ shall be the first character
inside on the []"), Part 12 §6.5.10/§6.5.11 | Application Directory 062,
066, 068, 071, 073 (078 now returns `Bad_InvalidArgument`, see C22);
Query Applications 013, 017, 018, 019, 022, 024 |
| QueryServers used the application id as the `RecordId` of every
DiscoveryUrl record, so `StartingRecordId` paging skipped the remaining
DiscoveryUrls of an application | Part 12 §6.5.11 Table 15: one record
per DiscoveryUrl | Application Directory 045, 075 |
| FindApplications with an empty ApplicationUri returned every
registered application | Part 12 §6.5.4: result size 0 or 1;
`Bad_InvalidArgument` for an invalid URI | Application Directory 004 |

Changes:
- `Opc.Ua.LikePattern` (new, `Opc.Ua.Types`) parses, validates and
matches Like patterns: `%`, `_`, `\`, `[list]`, ranges, `[^list]` and
the legacy `[!list]`. The GDS database and `AliasNameWildcardMatcher`
(FindAlias) both use it now. The alias matcher's previous regex
translation also accepted `[a^j-l]`.
- QueryServers/QueryApplications reject a malformed filter with
`Bad_InvalidArgument` and parse each filter once per call
(`ValidateQueryServersArguments` /
`ValidateQueryApplicationsArguments`).
- FindApplications returns `Bad_InvalidArgument` for an empty or blank
ApplicationUri. Other unknown strings, including non-URIs, return an
empty array: CTT `003.js` calls it with up to MaxStringLength `X`
characters and expects Good, and §6.5.4 allows both readings.
- `QueryApplications` compared `(int)startingRecordId`, so a
StartingRecordId above `int.MaxValue` returned every record.
- Every DiscoveryUrl record (`ServerEndpoint`) now has its own
monotonically increasing ID, persisted in the JSON database.
`JsonApplicationsDatabase.Load` assigns and saves IDs for databases
written before this change.

A note on 074.js and Query Applications 025.js: both passed before and
fail now. Their patterns `%[^f-h]%` / `%[^w-y]%` expect "contains none
of f–h", which no Like pattern can express. The old matcher
special-cased `[^`, and that quirk is why they passed (C21).

## ContentFilter Like operator

`FilterEvaluator` had its own regex translation of Like patterns with
the same class of defects: the regex was not anchored (`abc` matched
`xxabcxx`), `^` was escaped so the 1.05 negated list `[^13-5]` never
worked, and malformed patterns threw from `Regex`.
- The Like operator now uses `LikePattern`. An invalid search string
matches nothing, so Like resolves to FALSE, as Part 4 §7.7.3 specifies
for an operand that cannot be resolved to a string.
- `ContentFilterElement.Validate` rejects a malformed **literal** Like
pattern with `Bad_FilterOperandInvalid` for that operand
(`Bad_ContentFilterInvalid` for the element), so an event filter with
such a pattern is refused when the monitored item is created. Patterns
from other operands (for example an AttributeOperand) are only known at
evaluation time and evaluate to FALSE.
- The regex helpers are removed. No other code in the repository uses
`FilterOperator.Like`, and the existing Like tests already assumed
whole-string matching.

## Classification of the remaining failures

| Test | Classification | Entry |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Application Directory 060, 067, 069 | CTT: registers an ApplicationUri
containing a raw `%` / `\`, which is not a valid URI | C19 |
| Application Directory 065, 060; Query Applications 011, 016 | CTT:
`[_]` / `[%]` evaluated as "contains" | C20 |
| Application Directory 074; Query Applications 025 | CTT: `%[^x-y]%`
evaluated as "contains none of" | C21 |
| Application Directory 079, 078 | CTT: `MethodCalls.js:286` reads the
output arguments of a failed call (078 now gets the correct
`Bad_InvalidArgument` and hits this) | C22 |
| Application Directory 018 | CTT: selects `ActionTimestamp` (BrowseName
is `ActionTimeStamp`); the missing event is the queue size issue fixed
by #4480 | C23 |
| Application Directory 019 | CTT client: the batched
RegisterApplication Call never reaches the server (no server log entry,
no service fault); new test shows the server handles the batch | C24 |
| Application Directory 010 | CTT: dereferences the ApplicationId of a
`Bad_EntryExists` result | C25 |
| Application Directory 012 step 5, 032 | CTT: requires
ServerCapabilities for a Server; Part 12 has no such rule | C26 |
| Application Directory 027 | CTT: updates a Server with an `opc.tcp`
DiscoveryUrl to a Client (invalid per Part 12 §6.5.5, Part 4 §7.2) | C27
|
| Application Directory 029, 038, 039 | CTT: expects
`Bad_InvalidArgument` where Part 12 defines `Bad_NotFound` | C28 |
| Application Directory 005 | CTT: expects `Bad_InvalidArgument` for a
string above MaxStringLength, which cannot be decoded | C29 |
| Query Applications 036 | CTT: expects `rcp+` URLs it never registered
| C30 |
| Query Applications 038 step 5 | CTT: applicationType is a mask, `3` =
Servers \| Clients is valid (step 6, max UInt32, already returns
`Bad_InvalidArgument`) | C31 |
| AliasName Discovery 001, 002, 004 | Not applicable: GDS AliasName
Server Facet (Part 17 Annex C) is not implemented; 001 also sees the
reference server's own aliases | config notes |
| AliasName Discovery 005–015, LDS-ME Connectivity | Configuration
(AliasName sources / registered LDS) | config notes |

Which server to target: Application Directory and Query Applications run
the same `Opc.Ua.Gds.Server` code on the reference server (in-memory
database, clean on every start) and on a dedicated GDS. The dedicated
GDS sample keeps a JSON database, and leftover records of earlier runs
change every expected record count. The GDS AliasName Discovery CU needs
a GDS that implements the facet and should be deselected on both.

Spec conflict, server unchanged: Part 12 §6.5.10/§6.5.11 say
QueryApplications/QueryServers *"shall not return records with a
ServerCapabilities that includes NA"*, but the CTT registers its
reference Servers with `NA` and expects them in the results.

## Tests

- `LikePatternTests` (Types): Part 4 Table 120 examples, CTT patterns,
invalid patterns (93 cases).
- `LinqApplicationsDatabaseTests`: paging over multi-URL applications,
RecordId after update, JSON reload and legacy databases, CTT filters for
QueryServers and QueryApplications, StartingRecordId above
`int.MaxValue`, empty FindApplications.
- `ApplicationsDatabaseBaseTests`: CTT patterns, invalid filters
rejected.
- `GdsApplicationDirectoryTests` (live): invalid pattern →
`Bad_InvalidArgument` with no output arguments; four RegisterApplication
operations in one Call.
- `GdsDepthTests.AppDirFindApplicationsEmptyUriAsync` expects
`Bad_InvalidArgument`;
`AppDirFindApplicationsUnknownNonUriReturnsEmptyAsync` covers the 003.js
strings.
- `FilterEvaluatorTests` (Core): the Part 4 Table 120 examples through
the ContentFilter, whole-string and case-sensitive matching, invalid
patterns evaluating to FALSE, and validation of literal patterns (44
cases).

## CTT rerun

Same GDS selection, fresh `ConsoleReferenceServer --ctt -a` built from
this branch: **47 errors (baseline 60)**.
- Now pass: Application Directory 004, 045, 062, 066, 068, 071, 073,
075; Query Applications 013, 017, 018, 019, 022, 024 (15 errors gone).
- Newly fail as expected: Application Directory 074 and Query
Applications 025 (C21).
- 078 changed from "Good instead of BadInvalidArgument" to the C22
helper abort.
- All remaining errors match C19–C31 or the AliasName Discovery note.
- Rerun on `4e4fb7f7c` (review fixes, ContentFilter change, lenient
FindApplications for non-URI strings): 48 errors. It matches the
47-error run exactly, plus `028.js` missing its audit event (QueueSize 1
flakiness, see C23 / #4480). An intermediate build that rejected every
non-URI in FindApplications broke `003.js`, which is why that check was
relaxed again.
- Patched-script run (recommended fixes of C19, C20, C22, C23, C25, C29
applied to a scratch copy of the CTT project): 41 errors. `010`, `060`,
`065`, `067`, `078`, `079`, QA `011`, `016` pass; `018` receives a
correct audit event (the validator then trips over another script bug);
`005` gets the expected `Bad_EncodingLimitsExceeded` ServiceFault. No
further GDS server defect showed up. That ServiceFault carries
RequestHandle 0 (Part 4 §7.33 says it *should* be echoed), a
transport-level item left for a separate change.
- AliasName group (FindAlias uses `LikePattern` now): 1 error, the known
CTT defect in `AliasName Hierarchy/002.js`, unchanged.

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Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-14 15:41:13 +00:00
romanett 5362ec5e5f Fix the Opc.Ua.Types defects found by the read-only audit (#4474)
# Description

Fixes the defects a read-only audit reported against `Opc.Ua.Types` at
a05a36055: 98 of its 99 findings for `Variant`/`TypeInfo`, the
identifier types, the four codecs, `NodeState`/`Nodes`,
`Schema`/`Utils`/`Polyfills` and the WoT binding, plus **21 further
defects found while reviewing those fixes** — several of which were
regressions the first pass introduced. Every fix carries a regression
test that fails without it.

`Opc.Ua.Types` is the lowest-level assembly in the stack, so most of
these are silent wrong answers in code every other project sits on
rather than crashes.

## The higher-impact ones

**`Variant` equality, hashing and ordering.** `ValueEquals` and
`CompareTo` — the ContentFilter comparison surface, whose only consumer
is `FilterEvaluator` — now convert between numeric built-in types as
Part 4 §7.7.3's implicit-conversion and data-precedence rules require.
`Variant.Equals` deliberately does **not**: it stays strict on
`BuiltInType`, so it remains consistent with `GetHashCode` and safe as a
`Dictionary`/`HashSet` key. `GetHashCode` read
`Float`/`Double`/`Enumeration`/`DateTime` through the wrong union field
and hashed byte arrays by reference, so equal values hashed apart.
Comparing a null variant against a typed one gave a different answer
depending on which side it was written on; that is now decided once and
symmetrically, and a numeric or boolean zero stays *unequal* to a null
variant — letting it compare equal collapsed both into one bucket of
every `Dictionary`/`HashSet` keyed on `Variant`, made `Equals`
intransitive, and made a `HashSet`'s count depend on insertion order.
`CompareTo` reports an unrelated pair as not comparable instead of
ordering it by raw union bits, and the comparison operators now reject
that sentinel — reading `int.MinValue` as an ordinary negative result
made both `a < b` and `b < a` true, which `OrderBy` detects and throws
on.

**`NodeId.CompareTo` was not transitive.** The null case reported "less
than" in both directions for every identifier shape except a
namespace-zero numeric id, so a `SortedSet<NodeId>` could not find a
`NodeId.Null` it had just inserted.

**Encoding limits.** `MaxStringLength` counts the **bytes** of the
encoded string (Part 3 §5.6.4, Part 5 §6.3.2). The XML codecs counted
UTF-16 code units, so one message context gave two answers and a string
a binary peer rejects survived an XML round trip. The measurement now
lives in a single `EncodingLimits` helper, replacing three separate
copies across the codecs. The JSON decoder additionally enforces the
array, byte-string and string limits it never had — including on the
base64 and shorthand spellings that bypassed the checks entirely, so a
peer could opt out of a limit just by choosing the other legal encoding.
An encoding-limit breach is also no longer downgraded into a successful
decode that keeps the raw over-limit body.

**`Node.Write` threw out of a status-code API.** The attribute type gate
compared built-in types only, which does not separate a scalar from an
array, so an array value passed and the unconditional cast behind it
threw `InvalidCastException` out of a method contracted to return a
`ServiceResult`. It now compares the value rank too, and the structured
permission attributes became writable at all (their data type has no
built-in type, so the gate had rejected every value).

**`CoreUtils.Match`.** Rejects an unmatched trailing character without
breaking the single-character wildcard — an earlier version of this fix
made every pattern ending in `?` return false, which no existing test
covered.

Spec conformance was checked against Part 3, 4, 5 and 6 for each
behavioural change: implicit conversion and data precedence (4 §7.7.3),
`NumericRange` BNF (4 §7.27/A.3), `returnDiagnostics` bits (4 §7.32),
`MinimumSamplingInterval` as a `Duration` (3 §5.6.2), `ServerIndex` as
UInt32 (6 §5.2.2.10), DateTime UTC (6 §5.3.1.6), Union `SwitchField` (6
§5.2.8, §5.3.7, H.10), and the verbose JSON Enumeration form (6
§5.4.4.2).

## Reviewer notes

- **One deliberate behaviour tightening.** XML with more than
`MaxStringLength` non-ASCII *bytes* is now rejected where it previously
passed on *character* count. Nothing in the repo's fixtures trips it,
but it is a real narrowing for a deployment with a low `MaxStringLength`
and non-ASCII display names.
- **One finding deliberately left open.** `NodeState.Initialize` still
does not carry over the optional storage that `CopyTo` copies. It
instantiates a node from a prototype rather than cloning it, and
propagating the prototype's `RolePermissions` makes the GDS
certificate-group nodes unreadable for users that could read them before
(`CustomCertificateGroupNodeExistsInAddressSpaceAsync` fails with
`BadUserAccessDenied`). Whether an instance inherits its prototype's
permissions is a security decision for the address space, so the
omission is now documented in place rather than quietly closed. Happy to
split it into its own issue.
- **Nine existing tests were updated** because they pinned the buggy
behaviour. Each is worth a look:
`EqualsWithDifferentNumericTypesReturnsFalse` asserted the opposite of
Part 4 §7.7.3 and was renamed with a replacement negative case;
`XmlElementGetHashCodeShouldReturnCorrectHashCode` pinned the textual
hash that broke the `Equals` contract; the `CompareTo`-versus-null cases
in `NodeIdTests`/`ExpandedNodeIdTests` asserted the non-antisymmetric
answers; three `DateTimeUtcTests` parse cases depended on the local time
zone.
- 21 of the fixes (5,558 insertions across 74 files) came out of an
adversarial review of the first pass, with each candidate independently
verified against the built assembly rather than by inspection — the
`Variant` null-equality, `NodeId.CompareTo`, `Node.Write`,
`CoreUtils.Match` and JSON-limit items above are all in that group.

## Related Issues

No tracking issue exists — this came from an internal read-only audit
rather than a reported defect. Happy to open one, or to split the WoT,
encoder and `Variant` groups into separate issues if the maintainers
prefer that shape for a change this size.

- Fixes #

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

### Notes on the checklist

- **Tests:** every fix has a regression test; 9 new test files, ~130 new
test cases. Several were verified discriminating by temporarily
reverting the production line and confirming the test fails.
- **Warnings:** full `UA.slnx` build is clean, and `dotnet format
whitespace --verify-no-changes` reports the same 101 pre-existing
findings in the same file set as an unmodified worktree at the same
commit — none in changed files.
- **Test runs:** all suites were run on **net10.0 only**, so that box is
left unchecked pending a .NET Framework run: Types 10374, Core 4490,
Core.Encoders 2929, Core.Schema 157, Configuration 227, Server 5540,
Client 2217, Gds 1117, PubSub 1369, WotCon 1496, ComplexTypes 2773,
InformationModel 1080, Di 425 — all passing, 0 failures. Two failures in
`Core.Diagnostics.Tests` and `OpenUsd.Tests` are pre-existing on master
and caused by a German locale decimal separator, confirmed against a
clean baseline worktree at the same commit.
- **Documentation:** no separate docs; the new and changed members carry
XML doc comments explaining the spec clause behind each behavioural
decision.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-14 08:25:02 +02:00
romanett ea93c86da2 Fix the Opc.Ua.Client defects reported by the client stack audit (#4471)
# Description

Fixes the 78 `Opc.Ua.Client` findings of a read-only bug audit of
`Opc.Ua.Client` / `Opc.Ua.Types` / `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration` taken at
a05a36055, plus the regressions a subsequent review of those fixes
turned up. Every behavioural change was checked against the OPC UA
specification, and the citations are in the code comments.

## Session, reconnect and failover

- The reconnect `finally` re-acquired `m_reconnectLock` with the
caller's token, so a cancelled reconnect left the session stuck in
`Reconnecting` forever and every later reconnect failed. It now uses
`CancellationToken.None`.
- An in-place session recreate tore down subscriptions it should not
have: `transferred` is all-or-nothing, so a single failed transfer reset
and recreated the ones the server had just taken over, orphaning them on
the new session. `TransferSubscriptions` now reports the
per-subscription outcome and only the subscriptions the server did not
take over are recreated. A token-reuse failover keeps the same server
session, so nothing is transferred or reset there at all.
- In-place recreate only tears down the channel it created itself; a
caller-supplied channel or a channel-manager lease is left to its owner.
- `Snapshot(out SessionState)` went through the `SessionOptions` record
copy constructor, which drops every member declared on `SessionState`,
so the paired `Snapshot`/`Restore` API could not round-trip.
- The user-token policy override restored the policy URI on failure but
had already disposed the ECC ephemeral key the previous identity needs,
so the identity the rollback claims to preserve could no longer be
reactivated. The key is now parked and restored.
- `SetTriggering` batching sliced the remove list past its end when a
call had more adds than removes (Part 5 §6.3.11 bounds the *sum* of both
arrays, so an individual list may be shorter than the limit).
- The certificate-less `None` attempt dropped the request header, and
with it the ECDH ephemeral key that travels in `additionalHeader` (Part
4 §7.1/§7.15).
- `Session.Equals` compared a `ConfiguredEndpoint` against an
`EndpointDescription`, so a session did not equal a session on the same
endpoint.

## Managed session, pool and connection state machine

- `ManagedSession.Dispose()` blocked on the connection state machine's
worker, which raises `ConnectionStateChanged` synchronously — disposing
from that handler deadlocked permanently. The machine now recognises its
own flow and completes the teardown as the worker's continuation.
- `ManagedSessionFactory` dropped `updateBeforeConnect`, `connection`
and `reverseConnectManager` on all four `CreateAsync` overloads.
- The session pool ran its shared connect on no token at all, so once
the only caller gave up nothing could abort it and
`RemoveAsync`/`DisposeAsync` waited out the whole reconnect budget. Each
entry now owns the token that aborts its connect, and removal closes
*and* disposes the session.
- An explicit `engineFactory` was silently ignored for
`DefaultSessionFactory` subclasses, which quietly downgraded the session
to the classic subscription engine.

## Subscriptions

- Fixed a lock-order inversion between `m_subscriptionLock` and the
partition locks in `CompleteAsync` and `DisposeAsync`.
- `OwnsSubscriptionId` stopped at the first registered subscription
carrying the id — but in the very case it guards, the asker still holds
its own retired id, so the answer depended on `HashSet` enumeration
order and the delete could still tear down a sibling that had been
handed the recycled id.
- `MessageProcessor`'s republish gap walk was unbounded; it is now
bounded by the server's retransmission queue (Part 4 §5.14.5).
- A publish acknowledgement is sent even when a notification handler
throws — the ack means "the server may delete the message" (Part 4
§5.14.5.2), not "I processed it".
- Loaded monitored items did not raise the process-wide client-handle
counter, so a fresh process minted handles that collided with the loaded
ones; a transfer-restored item was also stamped `BadOperationAbandoned`
and left at the default monitoring mode.
- `AutoSetQueueSize` was not idempotent, so the queue size ratcheted up
on every subscription state change.
- The snapshot dropped the partition and recovery options entirely, and
clamped the sampling interval and the secondary-partition idle timeout
to zero — turning the Part 4 §7.21 "use the publishing interval"
sentinel and "never delete an idle partition" into something else.
- The state stream is positional OPC UA binary and the reader cannot
detect an absent field, so appending the partition options would have
mis-decoded every previously saved file. The stream now carries a format
version and the first format is decoded through a frozen copy of its
shape.

## Browse, node cache and the remaining clients

- Managed browse wrote a retry pass's status into whatever node happened
to sit at that offset in the caller's list, and retried
continuation-point errors without any bound. It now keeps the caller's
slot and gives up on passes that make no progress — a fixed pass cap
would cut short a large browse against a conforming server with a small
continuation-point quota.
- Continuation points are released when a consumer stops enumerating
early, as Part 4 §5.9.3.2 requires.
- The node cache reordered its batched results relative to the inputs,
which mispairs them for every consumer that matches positionally; its
supertype walks could also spin forever on a server whose `HasSubtype`
chain loops back on itself.
- A browse error was cached as "this node has no references"; it is now
surfaced to the direct caller, while the bulk and hierarchy walks treat
the node as having no references for that one operation without caching
it, so a single un-browsable node cannot fail a whole batch.
- `WebApiClient` mutated a caller-supplied (typically
`IHttpClientFactory`-pooled) `HttpClient`, which throws once that client
has sent its first request; those instances are configured per request
instead.
- `PathCache` was not thread-safe.

## Review follow-ups

The last two commits are the result of reviewing the audit fixes
themselves. Worth calling out: the `Task.WaitAsync(CancellationToken)`
polyfill in `Opc.Ua.Types` never checked `IsCompleted`, so an
already-finished task plus an already-cancelled token reported
cancellation on every pre-net8.0 target where the BCL overload returns
the result. It is now aligned with the BCL and pinned by a test.

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue; this PR is the result of a read-only audit of the
client stack.

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

### Verification

35 regression tests were added under
`tests/Opc.Ua.Client.Tests/AuditRegressions/` (category
`AuditRegression`), one per fixed defect where the defect is observable
at unit level; most were mutation-checked by reintroducing the bug and
confirming the test fails.

Locally on **net10.0**: `Opc.Ua.Client.Tests` 2252/2252,
`Opc.Ua.Client.ComplexTypes.Tests` 2773/2773,
`Opc.Ua.Bindings.Https.WebApi.Tests` 346/346, and all 23 library and
test projects that reference `Opc.Ua.Client` build clean.
`Opc.Ua.Client` also builds clean for **netstandard2.1**, the target
that actually compiles the `WaitAsync` polyfill. The full **UA.slnx**
solution and the .NET Framework targets have not been run locally — left
to CI.

One pre-existing failure in `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests` is unrelated to this
branch:
`WotSpecFixtureManifestTests.EveryEmbeddedExampleMatchesItsRecordedHash`
(embedded WoT fixture hashes) fails identically with these changes
reverted.

### Notes for reviewers

- Two review findings were deliberately left unfixed and are documented
in the code: `ManagedSession.CreateAsync` has to write the engine choice
onto a caller-supplied `DefaultSessionFactory` subclass (the only
alternative is changing the `ISessionFactory.Create` contract), and the
connection state machine's "am I on my own worker" flag is an
`AsyncLocal`, so it also flows into work a `StateChanged` handler
spawns. The previous behaviour in that second case was a hard deadlock.
- `Session.Dispose()`'s single `GetAwaiter().GetResult()` bridge to
`CloseAsync` is left as is: `Dispose(bool)` must be synchronous and
`DisposeAsync` already exists.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-14 08:22:28 +02:00
Marc Schier 2d9088119b Fix alias startup ordering and retained translation fallbacks (#4469)
# Description

Complete the two P2 follow-up fixes identified during review of #4456.

- Copy alias stores after application `IServerPreStartupTask`
registrations finish, but before address-space creation. This preserves
stores initialized asynchronously during startup, for both the default
DI server and compatible custom servers. Task ordering, once-only
execution, failure/cancellation behavior, and opt-in snapshot
materialization remain intact.
- Preserve the original `TranslationInfo` fallback locale, template,
key, and arguments while rendering the selected translation. Retained
values and service results can be translated for another session without
losing their original fallback.
- Keep selected templates unformatted until rendering, use the selected
locale for formatting, retain metadata through locale filtering, and
avoid double-formatting escaped braces during single-language
conversion.
- Add deterministic alias initialization and translation regressions,
extend native hosting coverage, and update the feature documentation.

Public signatures and `LocalizedText` struct layout are unchanged. No
dependencies, migration-guide changes, CI settings, or
coverage-threshold changes are introduced.

## Related Issues

- Related to #4410.
- Follow-up to the two P2 review findings in #4456.

## Validation

The new regressions failed before the relevant fixes and pass afterward.

| Scope | net10.0 | net48 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Complete Types test project | 10,265 passed; 1 existing skip | 10,255
passed; 1 existing skip |
| Affected hosting, aliases, resources, and configuration tests | 561
passed | 561 passed |
| Existing real-session alias integration tests | 11 passed | 11 passed
|

- Built the affected libraries across all configured target frameworks
with **0 warnings and 0 errors**.
- Published and ran the actual Windows NativeAOT test executable: **7
HostingAotTests passed**, including initialized alias registries and
English-to-German-to-English fallback preservation. Local compilation
used `IlcSingleThreaded=true` after a parallel compiler attempt
exhausted host memory; repository settings are unchanged.
- Focused coverage: **28/29 changed executable production lines
(96.55%)**.
- Changed-file formatting and diff checks pass.

The results above are the stated local project/filtered runs, not a
complete local `UA.slnx` test run. Remote CI and CodeQL results are
pending.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.
2026-09-11 14:28:46 +02:00
Marc Schier 0e600c0f0b Fix hosted-server DI composition gaps (#4456)
# Description

Complete the remaining hosted-server DI hooks so applications can
compose the regular server without subclassing `StandardServer` solely
for these extension points.

- Add `ConfigureServerProperties` and ordered, per-server
`ConfigureResources` callbacks. BuildInfo defaults come from the
effective application configuration; explicit property registrations
take precedence without mutating shared options.
- Add authenticator instance/validator-aware factory overloads and
generic/async-delegate startup tasks. Startup tasks are awaited in
registration order, and failures or cancellation clean up the server.
Host shutdown waits for execution cleanup before disposing injected
dependencies, including when its shutdown deadline expires.
- Add asynchronous and legacy node-manager factory instances plus
deferred, configuration-aware `ArrayOf<IAsyncNodeManagerFactory>`
registrations. Resolve factories after configuration and certificate
setup while preserving ownership and feature isolation.
- Register alias stores before address-space creation and add opt-in
standard `TagVariables`/`Topics` materialization. Existing
custom-category behavior is retained; browse nodes are startup snapshots
while queries and supported LastChange values remain live.
- Derive the default DI server from `ReverseConnectServer`, retaining DI
roles/session hooks and authoritative XML/stream configuration. Ignore
queued callbacks from stopped or superseded timers to prevent
reconnection or rearming after shutdown.
- Fix resource translation lookup/formatting exposed by the new
callbacks, retain existing constructor signatures and
direct/custom-server paths, and document the optional hosting APIs.

Adopting these hooks is optional; existing construction and
subclass-based customization remain supported. The migration guide is
unchanged.

No changes to UA-.NETStandard-Samples and no new dependencies.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4410

## Validation

- Focused server hosting, aliases, reverse-connect, configuration, and
resource suites: **571 passed on net10.0 and 571 passed on net48**.
- Existing affected real-session alias integration fixtures: **11 passed
on each framework**.
- Real reverse-connect discovery, session creation, and BuildInfo reads
verified for options, XML-file, and stream configuration.
- Published and executed the Windows NativeAOT test binary: **7
HostingAotTests passed**.
- Final server-library build passed across all configured target
frameworks with **0 warnings and 0 errors**; no new diagnostics in
changed test files.
- Focused changed-line coverage: **336/338 executable production lines
(99.41%)**.
- Deterministic timer regressions failed before the shutdown fix and
pass afterward.
- CI shutdown follow-up: the unchanged
`UnavailableUpstreamEndpointFailsMappedReadAsync` scenario passes
locally, and **245 hosting tests pass on each of net10.0 and net48**,
including regressions for an expired host shutdown deadline and
already-canceled startup. The local net48 run uses a short NUnit work
directory to avoid Windows path-length limits.

## Azure build 18136 follow-up

- Await WoT browse reconciliation before upload, default-version, and
enable/disable handlers return. Three barrier-controlled regressions
reproduce the exact missing version metadata before the fix.
- Make the reconciliation test observe the actual corrective state frame
rather than require a new acknowledgement after a no-op reseed. The
corrected tests also verify value, status, timestamp, and quiescence;
production gossip behavior is unchanged.
- Drain redirected stdout/stderr when sample processes exit, replacing a
fixed grace delay that could lose the final success line. A controlled
real-process regression fails before the fix.
- Fix CA1508, CA1823, CA1850, CA2012, and CA1861 at their sources, and
correct unsupported legacy AOT declarations and the existing
stress-placeholder target. Modern test targets and AOT analysis remain
enabled.

Follow-up validation:

- Full **Release `UA.slnx` builds pass on net10.0 and net48 with 0
warnings and 0 errors**.
- Complete previously failing WoT net48 job: **1496 passed**. The
identical binary was run from a short local assembly path to avoid the
nested repair worktree exceeding Windows path-length limits.
- Complete previously failing Redundancy.Server net10.0 job: **783
passed**.
- All short-haul HA/process cases: **12 passed**, including both
original identity-failover topologies.
- Affected WoT lifecycle selection: **113 passed on Release net10.0**;
controlled replication selection: **15 passed on each framework**.
- No test assertions, timeouts, coverage thresholds, collector settings,
or CI failure gates were weakened. Existing legacy empty-project result
notices and auto-property coverage exclusions remain unchanged.

These are full solution builds plus the reported test scopes, not a full
local `UA.slnx` test run.

Remote validation at `77c1055f1adb1557c5bf99b70e76f4a0cd95ee94`: **all
265 PR checks passed**, including Azure build **18172**, GitHub Build
and Test, CodeQL, and Docker image checks.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [x] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: romanett <romanett98@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-09-10 05:56:52 +02:00
Marc Schier f5ad124891 Additional fuzzing plus fixes for every defect the campaigns found (#4459)
# Description

Brings the stack's fuzz testing to parity with the fork
(`aio-opcua-sdk`), then fixes every defect the resulting campaigns
exposed.

The fork's fuzzing was used as the behavioural baseline: all **28
fork-local callbacks** and **13 OneFuzz registrations** are now
accounted for by an explicit mapping, not just by a larger target count.
The work extends the existing SharpFuzz/NUnit infrastructure rather than
introducing another framework.

### Coverage

- **84 continuous libFuzzer targets** and **81 AFL adapters** across
Encoders, Certificates, Network and PubSub.
- **PubSub area integrated** (Corpus/Tools/Tests siblings, solution
entries) — it previously had host source only and was absent from the
solution and replay infrastructure.
- Segmented binary adapters, binary-to-JSON and XML-to-JSON conversions,
standalone certificate loading, both chain-parser variants, CRL encoding
and canonical TBS round-trips.
- The 12 original fork message inputs are retained byte-identically
alongside richer deterministic generators; the three historical
crash/slow/timeout reproducers are unchanged (verified identical by
SHA-256).

### Production fixes found by fuzzing

These are real robustness and data-integrity bugs, each with a retained
regression input:

- `UadpBinaryReader.Advance` accepted attacker-controlled lengths on the
receive path. Declared payload sizes are now authoritative bounded
sections, with negative-count rejection and overflow-safe reassembly
arithmetic.
- PubSub JSON decoding leaked `InvalidOperationException` for invalid
UTF-8.
- `JsonEncoder.WriteExtensionObject` leaked
`System.Text.Json.JsonReaderException`.
- `JsonEncoder` silently emitted a lossy `{}` for an `ExtensionObject`
whose TypeId could not be represented in JSON.
- `JsonDecoder` wrapped a bodyless `ExtensionObject` envelope as a raw
JSON body instead of preserving `ExtensionObjectEncoding.None`.
- `Node.Encode` lost the null/empty collection distinction.
- Binary/XML Variant matrix dimensions are prevalidated rather than
relying on a caught `ArgumentException`.
- `X509CRL.ReadTime` pre-validates strict RFC 5280 whole-second Zulu
time forms.
- `Utils.ParseCertificateChainBlob` disposes correctly on partial-chain
failure.
- **`nodeid.dict` was unloadable by libFuzzer** (empty token, unescaped
quote). libFuzzer rejects the whole file on one bad line, so four parser
targets silently executed **zero** inputs. Fixed and now guarded by
dictionary validation.

### Infrastructure

- `fuzzing/fuzz-targets.json` manifest recording adapters, corpora,
dictionaries, oracles and fork-behaviour mappings, with
`validate-fuzz-manifest.ps1` and **27 negative controls**.
- Strict host/tools discovery and replay: `--list`, `--replay`, non-zero
exits on unknown targets, missing or empty corpora, and failed callbacks
(playback previously logged failures and returned success).
- A real process watchdog for the timeout/slow regressions — NUnit
`CancelAfter` cannot interrupt a synchronous fuzz callback.
- Runner scripts made non-destructive (unique work directories, no
generic `bin`/findings deletion) and corrected to the native driver's
single-`--target_arg` apphost contract.
- Opt-in `OneFuzz=true` class-library publication producing a
relocatable, **uninstrumented** drop, validated by exact callback
discovery, dependency closure, corpora and dictionaries.
- CI: fuzz replay matrix plus a public drop gate, triggered by corpus-,
dictionary- and script-only changes.

### Verification

| Gate | Result |
|---|---|
| Bounded campaigns, all 84 targets (1,000 inputs, seed 1) | 84/84,
84,000 executions, zero findings |
| OneFuzz drop | 84/84 published callbacks replayed, zero skips |
| Fuzz replay net10.0 / net8.0 / net9.0 | 9,470 passed each, 0 failed |
| Fuzz replay net48 | 8,996 passed, 0 failed (Network/PubSub are
modern-only) |
| `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests` / `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` | 9,800 and 4,442 passed, 0
failed |
| Retained regression assets | 132 `crash-*` inputs replayed by every
target each run |

### Known gaps (deliberately not closed)

- **Fidelity is not enforced against the pipeline crash corpus.** The
differential binary-to-JSON targets assert both robustness (no unhandled
exception, expected of arbitrary bytes) and fidelity (a decoded value
re-encodes equivalently, a property of well formed values). The pipeline
supplies 22,293 blobs collected for the targets that existed before this
PR, none of which asserted fidelity; 522 of them violate it, and that
count did not move across two rounds of genuine fixes because each fix
only lets the mutator reach the next representability gap. Rather than
weaken the assertion, the two contracts are separated: fidelity failures
raise `EncodingFidelityException`; curated assets under `Assets/Repo`,
the curated `Testcases` corpus and every continuous libFuzzer campaign
stay strictly enforced, while externally supplied assets are gated on
robustness only and their fidelity findings are reported with counts and
bounded base64 reproducers.
- **Internal MSFT OneFuzz canary has not been run.** It needs an
owner-supplied ownership profile, pipeline authorisation and corpus
snapshot; none were available. The drop builds and validates locally and
records `serviceCanaryPerformed: false`. A build or upload is not a
successful worker run.
- **Legacy JSON wire forms are a partial mapping.** The fork accepts its
four original `TypeId`/`Body` messages; this stack rejects that retired
envelope (measured JSON-only control: fork `JsonEncoder` 630/1356 lines
vs 0/1007 here). Recorded as an explicit unresolved mapping rather than
an exemption. `LegacyNonReversible` is a RawData-derived profile and is
not counted as independent coverage.

## Related Issues

_No tracking issue was supplied for this work; happy to open one and
link it if maintainers prefer._

- Fixes #github-issue-number, ...

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [x] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

> Note on the checklist: the fuzz replay matrix, `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests`
and `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` were run locally on **net48** and **net10.0**
(plus net8.0/net9.0) and all passed. CI and CodeQL results are not yet
available for this branch, so those boxes are left unchecked. The CLA
box is for the author to confirm.
2026-09-10 05:56:31 +02:00
Marc Schier d08d4faec1 Reduce NodeState allocations and pack scalar Variants (#4452)
# Description

Consolidate the complete B01/B02 NodeState memory work into one PR.

- Replace eager cold-path NodeState locks with lazy canonical
publication and update
  the event-monitor counter atomically.
- Store six design-metadata properties and three security properties in
separate lazy
private bags while preserving public APIs, null/empty distinctions,
masks, copying
  and existing serialization behavior.
- Avoid allocating the ReportEvent scheduling closure when the
async-dispatch path is
  unused.
- Retain the logger factory's category logger directly, avoiding a
redundant typed
  wrapper on telemetry initialization.
- Keep Variant at 24 bytes while removing eligible outer boxes for
QualifiedName,
  NodeId, NET8+ ByteString and text-only LocalizedText values.
- Add reproducible allocation/layout/occupancy fixtures, real registered
and monitored
populations, reference contracts, generated-consumer coverage and
NativeAOT cases.

## Measured allocation changes

Matched .NET 10.0.11 x64 observations against the integrated master
baseline:

| Construction/assignment | Master | This PR |
|---|---:|---:|
| Bare/minimal object | 824 B | 640 B |
| Bare/minimal variable | 1160 B | 976 B |
| Variable with both optional groups populated or reset | 1160 B | 1088
B |
| Variable with a shared ByteString value | 1192 B | 976 B |

Separate paired measurements show:

- telemetry initialization: 24 B typed-logger wrapper removed;
- eligible QualifiedName, NodeId and ByteString Variant construction: 32
B to 0 B;
- eligible text-only LocalizedText Variant construction: 40 B to 0 B;
- variable attributes read into caller-provided Variant destinations:
136 B to 0 B.

These are runtime-specific per-operation observations, not additive
whole-server
savings. Optional bags retain their documented populated/high-water
premiums and are
not reclaimed on reset.

## Reference-storage decision

A complete private indexed reference backend and a sorted-traversal
alternative were
measured, but both changed the existing filtered hash-index enumeration
order. They
were rejected despite lower memory use. The production reference backend
remains
unchanged; strengthened ordering, identity, serialization and
concurrency contracts
are retained. Adaptive small-set storage remains deferred.

## Consolidation

This PR now contains all changes from #4451 and the former narrower
#4452 branch.
Every #4452 changed path was present in #4451; after merging, the #4451
head
`836e45226` is a direct ancestor of this branch. #4451 is closed as
superseded.
Draft #4425 remains unchanged and is also superseded by this
consolidated work.

## Review feedback

- Removed the standalone Variant storage document and its README entry.
- Made the raw NodeId constructor private; the documented internal
`GetRawState`/`SetRawState` bridge is explicitly Variant-only and must
never become
  public.
- Marked the two 32-thread counter tests non-parallel.
- Added 10-second timeouts to the concurrent browse benchmark's main and
worker
  barriers and completion waits.
- Migrated the registered-population fixture to the current async
`SealAsync` API.

All review threads on #4451 and #4452 were replied to with the action
and fix commit,
then resolved.

## Related issues

- Related to #4275.
- Supersedes #4425 and #4451.

## Validation

- Consolidated Types/Core/Server selection: **1241 passed** on net10.0.
- Consolidated Types/Core/Server selection: **1238 passed** on net48.
- Focused #4451 feedback selection: **189 passed** on net10.0 and **187
passed**
  on net48.
- Earlier integrated NativeAOT validation passed **163/163** cases
across the main,
MCP and Historian applications; current PR CI provides the authoritative
final
  merged-source native validation.

The first #4452 CI run was blocked by merge conflicts. Seven later jobs
completed
their tests but encountered a shared artifact-service HTTP 403 while
uploading
results; no workflow or test was weakened to mask that infrastructure
failure.

Generated `report.*.json` crash artifacts remain untracked and are not
part of this PR.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove the changes and improve coverage.
- [x] I have added the necessary current-behavior documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that the fresh consolidated CI run introduces no
build or analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran the complete UA.slnx suite locally on net48 and net10.0 with
no failures.
- [ ] I fixed all failing and flaky CI tests and all CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed all PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: d2569e2e-7115-4969-bb44-8159e302b450
2026-09-09 16:48:13 +02:00
Marc Schier 4633aa7a34 Harden HA address-space hydration and replica-consistent NodeIds (#4445)
# Description

Follow-up to #4390 for distributed address-space ownership,
authoritative
hydration, and replica-consistent wire NodeIds. Tracks #4444.

Identity implementation: `a78d59067` (Server policy/lifecycle/adapter
seam) and
`07faf5cfd` (replica identity module, runtime wiring, examples and
proofs).

## Replica identity

- `UseReplicaNodeIdentity` / `ReplicaNodeIdFactory` reserve fixed shared
namespace
indexes before node-manager construction and reuse
`DefaultNodeIdFactory`.
  ApplicationUri and built-in diagnostics/configuration remain local.
- Replicated startup requires an explicit identity contract. Namespace
layout,
  deterministic mode, replica-set identity and writer policy must agree.
Standard factory views, replacement and registration preserve the
policy.
- Active/passive writer-assigned identities are replicated unchanged.
Independent
creation requires stable keys or explicit IDs. Live IDs and retained
tombstones
are reserved before writer allocation; no network/storage call runs in
`New`.
- Protected store descriptors use strong routing, including customized
hybrid
prefixes. Unknown legacy state and empty eventual scans cannot authorize
  automatic adoption. Verified-new hybrid provisioning is explicit.
- Active/active frames compare the descriptor before CRDT merge.
Rejected frames
are not reported as applied; incompatible admission remains at
ServiceLevel 0
  through the standard service-level wiring.
- Shared metadata validation covers type definitions, data types,
references,
permissions, NodeId/ExpandedNodeId/QualifiedName values,
arrays/matrices,
  DataValues and encodeable structures/arguments, without reflection.
- Runtime preparation hydrates retained IDs before replacement routes
publish.
Rebinding keeps the existing store/election or gossip transport/map and
attaches
to the new node-manager sources. Normal node-manager mutations,
including
  AddNodes, reach the cached local-address-space adapter.
- WoT materialization retains the stable configured factory. Samples
expose
genuinely factory-created nodes and a client `--identity` failover
workflow.

## Preserved HA repairs

The published `d99995003` and `79da74f14` fixes remain in place:

- Shared linearizable sequence/lease coordination; no pretend CAS on
CRDT and no
  private counter substituted for shared coordination.
- Strict authoritative record decoding, protected pending reservations,
safe
  snapshot publication and required delta retention.
- Accepted topology state controls authoritative membership; stale
deletion
  cannot remove a newer incarnation.
- Independent subtree attachment tracking and correct disposal of the
final
  snapshot task.
- Values wait for their topology, and parent tombstone horizons prevent
older
  descendant values crossing incarnations.

A new deterministic regression also covers writer hydration preparation:
temporary reconciliation removals must remain inbound application, not
be
recaptured as new shared deletion records.

## Validation

### Review feedback fixes

`3a682155b` addresses the active-node notification, WoT namespace-index
bounds,
and retired-manager XML documentation feedback. The address-space
adapter now
notifies listeners with the registered active node, and both WoT
managers reject
missing/out-of-range namespace indexes before ownership is established.

Targeted feedback validation passes on net10.0 and net48: 8
address-space adapter
cases and 74 WoT cases per framework, plus 17
hydration/gossip/live-client
integration cases on net10.0. The wrong-instance notification and
missing
namespace regressions were reproduced before the fixes.

### Identity implementation evidence

| Selected scope | net10.0 | net48 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| HA repair, identity, metadata, peer admission and real-client
identity/reload fixtures | 215 passed | 215 passed |
| Factory, fluent authoring/import, NodeManagement and address-space
adapter fixtures | 213 passed | 213 passed |
| WoT node-manager fixtures | 68 passed | 68 passed |

- Real UA-TCP clients compare full NodeIds/reference targets across
independent
servers in all four deterministic modes, with different manager/creation
order
and local allocations. Saved IDs work after endpoint failover and
restart.
- Real AddNodes-created IDs remain readable through successive live
manager
replacements in both replication modes, including nodes created after a
reload.
- Two process-level cases start three sample replicas, kill the serving
process,
verify a different serving ServerArray URI, and reuse cached
factory-generated
  IDs for Read and CreateMonitoredItems without remapping or rebrowsing.
- The identity/hydration scenario runs from the actual published win-x64
NativeAOT
  executable in the existing historian companion host.
- The focused writer-recapture regression was observed failing without
its fix,
  then passing. The real reload scenario was additionally repeated while
  diagnosing that race.
- Changed-file formatting/style/analyzers were applied. Existing CA1508,
CA1823,
CA1861 and CA1850 warnings in untouched upstream files were not
suppressed.

The selected checks above do not replace full-solution CI, coverage
gates or
maintainer review, and do not claim that the entire solution or every
native
platform was run. #4444 remains the tracking issue.

## Contract and consistency limits

Fixed identity does not make eventual payload reads linearizable. Hybrid
views
remain non-destructive, use explicit tombstones, and do not infer
empty-store
bootstrap or partition completion from absence. Compacted snapshots
require
authoritative storage. Failed/uncertain reservations require
reconciliation.

There is no automatic namespace-slot allocation, persistent logical-key
mapping
database, live renumbering, legacy-store wipe/adoption, or new hash
algorithm.
Opaque shared structures require a registered codec so their
namespace-bearing
fields can be validated. Application callbacks are still
application-owned.

## Related issues

- Tracks #4444.
- Follow-up to #4390.
- Builds on the merged NodeId factory (#4433), configure/seal (#4442)
and
  lifecycle/import (#4427) integration at `aedd3f738`.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the CLA and read CONTRIBUTING.
- [x] Added targeted regression and integration tests.
- [x] Updated directly related API, HA, migration and sample
documentation.
- [x] Ran scoped formatting and the targeted framework checks listed
above.
- [ ] Full UA.slnx matrix and coverage gates completed.
- [ ] All CI and maintainer review completed.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 9dbd9527-d818-47a0-984c-fbb1472d3d6b
2026-09-09 13:26:45 +02:00
romanett 556c9cb797 Add an async iteration seam to NodeBrowser (#4450)
# Description

`NodeBrowser` was synchronous end to end, so a node manager whose browse
result depends on I/O had nowhere to `await`. The aggregation server
sample is the concrete case: its browser has to browse the aggregated
server, and the only way to write it was `Next() =>
NextAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult()`, which holds a request worker for
the full remote round trip on every browse.

This is option (1) from the issue, the small non-breaking step:

- `INodeBrowser` and `NodeBrowser` gain `ValueTask<IReference?>
NextAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)`. The default
completes synchronously with the result of `Next()`, so every existing
browser that only overrides `Next()` keeps working unchanged (the
samples' `MemoryBufferBrowser` and the migration-analyzer test snippets
compile untouched).
- `AsyncCustomNodeManager.BrowseAsync` and `TranslateBrowsePathAsync`
iterate browsers through `NextAsync` with the request's cancellation
token. The loop bodies already awaited; only the iteration could not.
- `DirectoryBrowser` was the one browser the stack ships that blocked on
async I/O. It now awaits the file-system provider enumeration in
`NextAsync` and keeps `Next()` as the bridge for the remaining
synchronous consumers (`UANodeSetHelpers` export, `CustomNodeManager2`).
Cancellation now propagates instead of being reported as an empty
directory.
- The synchronous paths (`CustomNodeManager2`, `CoreNodeManager`
diagnostics, nodeset export) are unchanged on purpose; they have no
place to await.

**Not done, by design.** Browser creation stays synchronous.
`OnCreateBrowser` runs under the node's browse lock, so the documented
contract is that a browser fetches lazily on its first `NextAsync`. The
issue itself notes the async creation seam is not needed for the
aggregation case. `IAsyncEnumerable` (option 3) is not attempted.

**Compatibility note.** A type that implements `INodeBrowser` directly
without deriving from `NodeBrowser` has to add the member. Nothing in
this repo or the samples does that; derived browsers are unaffected.

**Docs** updated in `NodeManagers.md`, `AsyncServerSupport.md`,
`MigrationGuide.md` and `migrate/2.0.x/node-states.md`, with a was/now
example for a browser that previously bridged sync-over-async.

**Tests**
- `NodeBrowserTests` (new): default wrapper completes synchronously and
yields the same sequence as `Next()`, push-back through `NextAsync`, a
`Next`-only override observed through `NextAsync`, an awaited
`NextAsync` override with cancellation.
- `AsyncCustomNodeManagerTests`: a browser whose `Next()` throws is
driven entirely through `NextAsync` by browse, by the continuation-point
round trip (push-back on the async path), and by translate-path.
- `DirectoryObjectStateTests`: the async path of the directory browser,
including the throwing provider and cancellation.

Verified locally: `Opc.Ua.Server` builds on net10.0 and net48 with 0
errors; the browser-related server suites (1342 tests) and the new unit
tests pass on net10.0; `dotnet format whitespace --verify-no-changes` is
clean on the changed files.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4415

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-08 19:56:53 +02:00
Marc Schier da7412c429 Add native xRegistry events and distinct Resource versions (#4396)
## Summary

- support the xRegistry 0.6.0 distinct Resource/Version hierarchy:
  `Registry -> Group -> Resource -> Versions -> Version`
- instantiate stable logical Resource nodes separately from exact
Version nodes
  while preserving existing Version NodeIds
- delegate logical Resource FileType operations and Version-view
metadata to the
selected default Version with handle pinning and shared writer
reservations
- make Resource and Version delete behavior role-stable and use
`MetaEpoch` /
  `Epoch` respectively
- use stable Resource SourceNodes, exact Version SourceNodes and the
  `Server -> Registry -> Group -> Resource -> Version` notifier chain
- keep a model-metadata-gated client fallback for 0.5 flat Servers; 0.6
Servers
  expose no legacy aliases
- target `HasWoTProjection` at the real stable logical Resource node
- use `AsyncCustomNodeManager` for the registration, fast-path, and
federation managers,
  with awaited lifecycle, node mutations, event delivery, and cleanup
- handle startup rollback, reentrant deletion callbacks, undisclosed
file handles,
  and retryable cleanup without blocking unrelated file operations

## Authoritative dependencies

- companion specification: OPCF-Members/spec-drafts#32 at
  `d3399fca025025a73e5a6b599f850a81d985c060`
- OPC UA binding: xregistry/spec#568
- xRegistry event semantics: xregistry/spec#563, merged as
  `66ee31e47fbadff6ab982ae1516f7d9065e46b64`
- companion NodeSet SHA-256:
  `369f5f3f1814b333e4eeb52bfb4b6a730cdff372505a5f91a54c94f0016ac4cf`

## Review feedback

- keep the WoT Connectivity information-model designation at `1.1`;
draft revisions update the publication date without changing the model
version
- eliminate all 198 unique CA1861 diagnostics across 54 files and remove
seven obsolete project suppressions
- fix the analyzer-clean touched-path CA1307 and the hierarchy follow-up
CA1846/CA1851 diagnostics without dropping legacy-TFM compatibility

- recover the reconcile queue after callback faults/cancellation and
continue accepted pending changes
- remove migration guidance for the xRegistry managers, which are new in
2.0

## Compatibility

- public WoT Connectivity model designation remains `1.1`
- generated event-record ABI, constructors, options, NodeIds, and stored
documents remain compatible
- the generic xRegistry managers are new in 2.0 and implement
`IAsyncNodeManager`;
use `IAsyncNodeManagerFactory` and the async lifecycle hooks (see
`docs\XRegistry.md`)
- persistence schema and document blobs remain compatible unless noted
below

## Validation

- merge validation at `980422f76` with upstream `e8bec27d5`: 454
targeted WoT/materialization/model/registry cases and all 327 XRegistry
cases passed on both net10.0 and net48; all 29 net10 aggregation sample
cases passed
- feedback regressions at `308e8ba74`: 55 targeted queue and live
registry event/projection/lifecycle cases passed on each of net10.0 and
net48
- prior CI: all 266 checks passed at `6489a0908`; the unchanged Ubuntu
Core certificate-counter test and dependent jobs passed on the one-time
retry ([run 34117304035, attempt
2](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/34117304035/attempts/2))
- `Opc.Ua.XRegistry.Tests` — 327 passed on net10.0 and net48 for
migration commit `32c914aaf`
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Tests` net10.0 — 1348 passed
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Bindings.Tests` net10.0 — 683 passed
- `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core.Tests` net10.0 — 3807 passed, 8 skipped
- `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Tests` net10.0 — 145 passed
- `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Stack.Tests` net10.0 — 94 passed
- affected XRegistry and WoT client/server projects build successfully
- xRegistry NodeSet is byte-identical to the companion artifact
- repository-wide CA1861 inventory — 198 unique diagnostics across 54
files reduced to zero
- targeted changed-fixture validation — 1,098 passed, 3 skipped, 0
failed
- constrained full `UA.slnx` net10.0 Release build — CA1861 = 0
- `Opc.Ua.XRegistry.Client` net472 and netstandard2.1 builds — 0
warnings, 0 errors
- independent shared-array safety review — no significant issues
- `git diff --check`

The final review regressions cover concurrent reconcile/open, synthetic
logical
handle collisions across default switches, cross-session Close
isolation,
shared writer reservations, logical FileType property/change
propagation,
logical Labels delegation, role-fixed deletion, event sources,
model-version
gating, and stable `HasWoTProjection` targets.

The companion specification and protocol binding are reviewed in the
linked PRs above.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 5c79a1ed-6dab-4522-a9fc-6548caa78ad5
Copilot-Session: b605797f-a97a-4cd0-8f12-016d33c2fd88
Copilot-Session: 7ef369a5-2307-4f71-8a11-15af0e72f240
Copilot-Session: e716d455-8397-4d22-9c5a-398847ab7317
2026-09-08 04:46:40 +00:00
romanett 1aed93bd03 Make the predefined node create lifecycle cancellable (#4437)
# Description

Registration of predefined nodes could not be cancelled:
`CreateAsPredefinedNode` ran the whole create lifecycle without a token,
and a cancellation that landed inside `AddPredefinedNodeAsync` could
still leave the manager half-indexed.

**Cancellable create lifecycle.** Adds a
`NodeState.CreateAsPredefinedNode(ISystemContext, CancellationToken)`
overload. The token is threaded through the internal
`CallOnBeforeCreate` / `CreateInternal` / `CallOnAfterCreate` walk, is
checked between nodes and on each convergence pass, and is passed to
every `OnAfterCreate` override. Cancellation leaves the nodes already
completed in the created state, so a later call resumes only the
remaining ones. The existing single-argument overload is unchanged and
delegates with `default`.

**Shared registration helper.** `CustomNodeManager` and
`AsyncCustomNodeManager` each carried an identical private
`CompleteCreateLifecycleForRegistration`. Both are replaced by one
internal `NodeStateLifecycle.CompleteForRegistration`.
`AddPredefinedNodeAsync` now checks cancellation on entry, propagates it
into lifecycle completion, and checks again before
`IndexPredefinedNode`, so a cancelled registration cannot leave a node
indexed, half-created, or a behaviour replacement partially wired.

_(An earlier revision also added `RemoveExplicitlyDefinedChild`
overrides on `MethodState` and `BaseDataVariableState`. Those were
dropped in 45c6b3eb0: #4432 covers the same case inside
`CreateOrReplaceInputArguments` / `CreateOrReplaceOutputArguments` /
`CreateOrReplaceEnumStrings` by assigning the typed replacement
directly, so this PR no longer touches those files.)_

The three `<see cref="NodeState.CreateAsPredefinedNode"/>` references
(two in `src`, three occurrences in a generator template) are qualified
with the parameter list because the new overload makes the unqualified
form ambiguous (CS0419).

Public API added: one overload. No new virtual members.

## Related Issues

No tracking issue — this is a self-contained extraction from the
in-progress node-source lifecycle work, kept separate so the
cancellation semantics can be reviewed on their own.

## Testing

- `dotnet build UA.slnx -c Debug` — 0 errors, no new warnings.
- `dotnet format whitespace UA.slnx --verify-no-changes` on the changed
files — clean.
- net10.0: `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests` 9704 passed, `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` 4965
passed, `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core.Tests` 3809 passed — 0 failures
(skips pre-existing).

New coverage: six `AsyncCustomNodeManagerTests` for the registration
cancellation seams (already-cancelled token, an already-created node not
being indexed, the helper's own check, cancellation raised from the
behaviour callback for both the replacement and same-instance paths, and
that removing a node neither deletes it nor repeats its create
lifecycle), three `NodeStateTests` for token propagation,
pre-cancellation and resumption between children.

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed. — ran the
three affected suites on net10.0 only; .NET Framework and the remaining
suites are left to CI.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-07 20:04:42 +00:00
Marc Schier e8bec27d5d Complete WoT binding preservation and two-pump aggregation (#4431)
# Description

Complete WoT Binding preservation and the two-pump aggregation workflow
without implicit overlays or multi-source action fan-out.

- Add verified linked-document export and bounded partition merging.
Preserve complete source facts, reject contradictory archival content,
and retain usable readable content when a future native grammar is
unsupported.
- Wire local Methods and Condition events through the existing
injectable binding/runtime infrastructure. Keep local and upstream
identities distinct, translate namespace-bearing values, and bound
occurrence routes by source and generation.
- Wait for asynchronous event-producer readiness before completing
subscription creation, so the first alarm is not lost. Preserve
cancellation, teardown, and startup-failure reporting.
- Import runtime types in inheritance order and attach typed Method
argument Properties. Keep generated Double spelling deterministic across
supported frameworks and remove an AOT-unsafe registry validation
conversion.
- Generate both pumps and their asset/group projections. Expose fifteen
typed readings per pump, separate source-owned controls, and
acknowledge/confirm/reset workflows. Extend the demo script for managed
and NativeAOT execution, bounded failures, and exact-process cleanup.
- Synchronize current-state documentation and specification fixtures.
Compose fixture paths from platform-independent components and emit/pin
LF pump XML so byte-exact regeneration holds on Windows, Linux, and
macOS.
- Keep sample JSON readable with sorted members, two-space indentation,
and LF line endings. Normalize generated filenames to single hyphens
without changing registry resource IDs, document values, logical links,
or dependency ordering; the manifest maps resource IDs to their physical
filenames.

Most changed files are deterministic regenerations of checked-in sample
documents. The demo manifest contains 533 linked resources; the
aggregation server remains generic and has no Pump-specific compiled
model dependency.

No new alarm vocabulary, shelving/suppression/dialog/ConditionRefresh
transport mapping, Azure SDK changes, or complete Pump/OpenUSD parity is
introduced.

## Related Issues

Fixes #4430, which records the approved implementation scope, design
decisions, and acceptance criteria.

Follow-up to #4411. Specification fixtures are pinned to
[OPCF-Members/spec-drafts commit
82620d9](https://github.com/OPCF-Members/spec-drafts/commit/82620d9e313f35386dfc7477f7875cd47d2fd268),
associated with OPCF-Members/spec-drafts#35.

## Validation

- .NET 10 and .NET 8: complete affected converter/schema, WoT
Connectivity, and binding suites passed.
- .NET Framework 4.8: affected libraries, converter/generator, projected
runtime, readiness, and NodeSet-import compatibility runs passed. The
existing filesystem test exceeding the host's legacy path limit passed
through a temporary short-path alias, without changing its assertions.
- All 29 aggregation sample tests passed, including the independent
companion-model oracle.
- Managed/default-port and NativeAOT/alternate-port demo runs completed
with 533 documents, two pumps, thirty Good readings, and all four
pump/source control and alarm workflows.
- Timeout and duplicate-port failure paths were exercised; owned
processes and ports were released.
- Specification artifact/rule checks, byte-identical example mirroring,
statement-digest verification, and changed-file whitespace checks
passed.
- The [Build and Test .NET 10.0 workflow for
278b092](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/34095520510)
passed, including the previously failing Linux/macOS Types and WoT
Connectivity jobs. Portability fixes preserve the existing assertions
and add an explicit LF-output regression.
- After the readability changes in `dc61d032`, all 131 targeted
sample/projected-runtime cases passed on both .NET 10 and .NET Framework
4.8, and all 29 aggregation sample tests passed after rebuilding. All
539 JSON assets meet the formatting and filename rules; the 538 document
JSON values are unchanged, with only physical paths changing in the
manifest. Byte-exact regeneration assertions remain in place.

Local validation was scoped to affected projects rather than the entire
UA.slnx solution. Numeric coverage percentages and remaining CI gates
remain for CI; coverage thresholds were not changed. Existing unrelated
analyzer warnings were left unchanged.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Regression and integration tests are included and passed as described
above; the combined tests/coverage checkbox remains open because numeric
coverage was not measured locally.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 6a9f41b1-72f0-4c74-bd7f-26fa531e5738
2026-09-07 12:24:14 +00:00
Marc Schier 90fc3cca2f Complete WoT Binding 1.1 alignment and conformance coverage (#4411)
# Description

Completes the UA-.NETStandard implementation of the final OPC UA WoT
Binding 1.1 semantics and aligns the WoT Connectivity 1.1 model with
xRegistry 0.4.0.

The change:

- retires `uav:isEvent` and `uav:severity` from current Binding output
while preserving unknown members through the generic converter's
ordinary residue mechanism;
- removes `uav:severity` from the asset Thing Description parser and
materializer, so document metadata cannot set occurrence severity;
- implements logical EventType definitions, ordered resolution
providers, explicit/default selection precedence, materialized member
paths, and the built-in `BaseEventType` fallback;
- adds deterministic portable identity and browse-path anchoring;
- populates bound type declarations instead of creating duplicate
siblings, including inherited and closed-content validation;
- resolves and validates `uav:externalSchema` without overriding
authoritative DataType definitions;
- hardens DataType dimensions, native projections, preservation
envelopes, URI transmission, projection limits, and delete-policy
handling;
- synchronizes the xRegistry and WoT Connectivity source-generation
inputs;
- pins all 27 specification examples, all 97 implementation-owned
normative requirements, and all 12 cross-language vector groups to the
final specification revision;
- adds `samples/WotCon/run-aggregation-demo.ps1` for a verified
one-command aggregation client/server round trip and replaces the README
topology sketch with Mermaid;
- normalizes redirected PowerShell diagnostic presentation in the
statement-digest test harness so its semantic assertions are stable on
Windows, Linux, and macOS.

WoT Connectivity remains model version `1.1`; draft iterations are
identified by release labels such as `1.1-draft5`.

**Specification dependency:** the evidence assets pin
`OPCF-Members/spec-drafts` `main` commit
`25db507121b503fd31c8816fbfae67a6822e813b`. The corresponding
specification follow-up is `OPCF-Members/spec-drafts#35`.

## Validation

- Latest GitHub/Azure CI: 266/266 checks passed.
- .NET 10 feedback-focused tests:
  - WoT Connectivity event/model/traceability: 72 passed
  - binding capability/traceability: 8 passed
  - coverage-gate tests: 25 passed
- Complete .NET 10 Tools project: 752 passed, 1 intentionally skipped.
- .NET Framework 4.8:
  - WoT Connectivity event/model/traceability: 72 passed
  - WotCon bindings build: 0 warnings, 0 errors
- NativeAOT build: 0 warnings, 0 errors.
- WoT aggregation demo: 16 documents uploaded and all 10 mapped values
read with Good status; exact processes and isolated PKI stores cleaned
up.
- Specification traceability: 402 normative statements mapped; all 97
implementation-owned statements have passing test evidence with zero
gaps.
- Shared conformance vectors: 12/12 groups execute.
- Final CI coverage:
  - project line coverage: 86.83% (floor 70%)
  - project branch coverage: 76.71% (floor 60%)
  - patch coverage: 100.00% (2,591/2,591 changed lines)
  - coverage gate passed

## Related Issues

Follow-up to #4375 and alignment with `OPCF-Members/spec-drafts#31` and
`OPCF-Members/spec-drafts#35`. No separate tracking issue was opened for
this follow-up.

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce new build or
analyzer warnings in the changed paths.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [x] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed all PR feedback currently received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 6a9f41b1-72f0-4c74-bd7f-26fa531e5738
2026-09-04 23:36:18 +02:00
Marc Schier e7542b7f5f Fix generated structured defaults and dependency metadata (#4414)
# Description

Fix two source-generator paths that lost variable values or metadata:

- XML `ExtensionObject` defaults without a `TypeId` now resolve their
body through the encodeable factory's registered XML qualified name,
decode to the generated structure, and retain the XML encoding
identifier.
- The existing preview `ModelDependencyV1` payload now carries effective
child access and user-access values, minimum sampling interval,
historizing state, and serialized default-value XML across referenced
assemblies.

The dependency validator rehydrates this metadata before inherited
instance factories are generated. Explicit non-null extension-object
TypeIds remain authoritative, unknown XML bodies remain raw XML, and
explicit design files remain authoritative over referenced payloads.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4401
- Fixes #4402

## Validation

- Focused decoder, payload, validator, and Roslyn producer/consumer
regressions on `net10.0` and `net48`
- `tools/SourceGeneration.slnx` Debug builds on `net10.0` and `net48`
- `tools/SourceGeneration.slnx` Release build on `net10.0`
- Scoped `UA.slnx` Debug build on `net10.0`

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Copilot-Session: 66e6d342-d4a0-4d53-822b-524982c62f15
2026-09-04 12:42:32 +00:00
Marc Schier df44b460be Complete CreateInstanceOf node lifecycle during registration (#4360)
# Description

Generated `CreateInstanceOf<Type>` factories build typed node graphs and
assign
per-instance NodeIds, but intentionally leave the node create lifecycle
open.
Hand-written callers commonly registered those graphs without calling
`CreateAsPredefinedNode`, so `OnBeforeCreate`, `OnAfterCreate`, and
change-mask
clearing never ran.

This change:

- adds `NodeState.IsCreated` and makes lifecycle completion idempotent
per node;
- completes newly materialized children, including children created by
  `OnAfterCreate`;
- bounds late-child lifecycle convergence and fails explicitly if
callbacks
  keep adding uncreated nodes;
- completes uncreated nodes automatically before predefined-node
registration
  and behavior wiring in both async and legacy custom node managers;
- assigns/rebases async-node-manager NodeIds before lifecycle callbacks;
- emits a null-safe Debug diagnostic when registration performs
completion;
- documents the generated-factory lifecycle contract and migration
behavior;
- adds regressions for condition/alarm method binding,
finite-state-machine
  namespaces, Fluent state-node rebasing, behavior replacement, cloning,
deletion, late children, non-converging callbacks, and synchronous/async
  registration.

The tracked `src/` and `samples/` call-site audit covered 2,953 C#
files. No
additional ordering-sensitive call sites require explicit completion
beyond
the three existing DI/Robotics sites.

## Validation

- `dotnet build UA.slnx -c Release -p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0`: passed.
- `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` net10.0: 4,811 passed, 5 skipped.
- `NodeStateTests` net10.0 and net48: 213 passed on each.
- Node-manager lifecycle and null-logger tests net48: 459 passed.
- Source-generation core tests net10.0 and net48: 3,802 passed, 8
skipped on
  each.
- DI, Robotics, ISA95, Positioning, Vision, Vision.Intent, and XRegistry
  suites passed on net10.0 and net48.
- Generated alarm lifecycle regression passed on net10.0 and net48.

The solution build reports six pre-existing CA warnings in untouched
files.
The OpenUSD suite has one pre-existing locale-sensitive failure in
`StructuredCartesianCoordinatesAreAccepted` (`1.5` expected versus `1,5`
under `en-DE`); all other OpenUSD tests passed on both tested
frameworks.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4320

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 7ffdc400-0710-4a2e-a9d1-c0e1a9b3b81e
2026-09-02 13:08:49 +02:00
Marc Schier 81f200c9d2 Align WoT conversion and runtime with Binding 1.1 (#4375)
## Summary

Align the generic WoT/NodeSet converter, WoT Connectivity registry, and
runtime
binding implementation with the OPC UA WoT Binding 1.1 draft.

### Conversion and preservation

- fix the standard placeholder ModellingRule NodeIds;
- make every produced/restored NodeSet importable by completing required
aliases;
- support `ua:ComponentOf`, arbitrary companion ReferenceTypes,
BrowseNames,
  InverseNames, symmetric references, and exact direction;
- enforce the projection annotation allowlist and deterministic total
order;
- emit and consume Method argument schemas, EventType data, Alarms &
Conditions,
  event severity, engineering units/ranges, localization, ValueRank, and
  ArrayDimensions;
- preserve unsupported content through JSON residue/native projection
rather than
  silently dropping it;
- compare residue conflicts with RFC 8785 canonical equality while
retaining
  byte-exact residue digests;
- stamp generated documents with `uav:bindingVersion: "1.1"`.

### Runtime bindings

- resolve an EventType Thing Model referenced with `tm:ref`, recursively
derive
  its `data` fields as the baseline selection, and overlay explicit
  `uav:eventSelectClauses` that also reference EventType TMs;
- pre-resolve EventType links asynchronously through the bounded
sibling-document
  resolver before synchronous protocol planning;
- retain read compatibility with legacy implementation-specific
`uav:eventFields`;
- expose nested event `data` matching the TD while retaining the flat
transport
  field index for compatibility;
- apply minimum-security constraints through deterministic endpoint
selection and
  fail-closed session verification;
- use one Unicode code-point comparer for projection membership and
endpoint ties.

### Validation and fixtures

- add strict, profile-aware validation while keeping default parsing
permissive and
  residue-preserving;
- pin 27 normative examples byte-for-byte to the specification
repository, with an
  offline SHA-256 manifest and regeneration test;
- regenerate checked-in WoT documents with the final canonical writer
and binding
  version;
- document the generic converter separately from the legacy OPC 10100-1
asset path.

## Notable compatibility changes

- converted NodeSets may gain a completed `<Aliases>` table so standard
  ReferenceType names can be imported;
- previously inverted/dangling placeholder ModellingRules are corrected;
- generated documents gain binding-version, localization,
rank/dimension, and exact
  ReferenceType metadata;
- event data now has the nested shape described by the binding;
- the former NodeId-based `uav:typeDefinitionId` clause is removed;
event
  selections now use EventType-TM `tm:ref` links;
- `uav:eventFields` remains readable but new documents use
  `uav:eventSelectClauses`;
- unknown well-formed future revision/profile claims produce unsupported
warnings
  rather than strict rejection.

## Generated files

Most of the 621-file diff is deterministic regeneration: 517 checked-in
WoT
documents gain the binding version and final canonical spelling.
Regeneration was
run twice and is byte-idempotent.

## Validation

- `dotnet restore UA.slnx`;
- `dotnet build UA.slnx -c Release` across all configured TFMs;
- `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests`: 9,215 net10.0; 9,208 net48; 9,208 net472;
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Bindings.Tests`: 611 each on net10.0, net9.0, and
net8.0;
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Tests`: 1,136 net10.0;
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Samples.Tests`: 14 net10.0;
- NativeAOT test executable: 136/136;
- all 27 strict fixture conversion/import checks;
- formatting, analyzers, `git diff --check`, and regeneration
idempotence.

The full net48 run retains one unrelated existing MAX_PATH failure in

`FileWotRegistryStoreTests.MultiLevelDirectoryCreationSyncsEveryModifiedParentInOrder`.
Solution-wide stress runs also include an intentional 60-minute soak and
unrelated
locale-sensitive/flaky tests; all affected WoT projects and tests pass.

## Specification

Depends on OPCF-Members/spec-drafts#31.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 6a9f41b1-72f0-4c74-bd7f-26fa531e5738
2026-09-02 00:09:36 +00:00
Marc Schier cef83550cb OPC UA Vision: a vision-guided bin-picking demo an LLM agent can see and drive (#4235)
# Description

Implements **OPC UA — Vision** and uses it to build the demo the
companion specifications were drafted for: an eye-in-hand camera watches
a bin of parts, a language model *looks at the frame*, decides which
part matches the instruction, and commands the robot through Robot
Intent — with the OpenUSD viewer showing the arm move and the bin empty
out.

> **Draft, and stacked.**
[#4195](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/pull/4195) has
merged and master is merged in, so what is left on top of `master` is
the Vision work plus the unmerged `marcschier/ai-model-management`
branch, which the demo needs for the model/dataset/deployment
provenance. Review the Vision commits; the AI Model Management work
lands with its own PR.

## What is here

**The specification, implemented.** `Opc.Ua.Vision` is generated from
the spec's own `Opc.Ua.Vision.NodeSet2.xml`, vendored byte-identically
(SHA-256 `79C592C6…`, verified against a fresh download and stored
LF-preserved like the Robot Intent NodeSet). `Opc.Ua.Vision.Server`
builds the §4.2 discovery object, sensors, the coordinate-frame tree,
calibrations, media endpoints, inference pipelines and the §9 feedback
methods, with rendering and inference behind injectable providers.
`Opc.Ua.Vision.Client` is built on the generated ObjectType proxies and
composes transforms across the frame tree, which is what turns a
detection in camera coordinates into a pose a robot can act on.

**Two perception paths behind one contract**, which is exactly what
`InferenceLocationEnum` is for. `OnServer` is a deterministic detector
derived from the stage's ground truth — no model, no network, no GPU, so
CI can exercise the whole loop. `EdgeOffServer` is the agent: it sees
the frame over MCP and calls `SubmitDetections`, and the Server
publishes results it did not compute. A client reads
`DetectionResultType` identically either way.

**The agent's eyes.** `tools/Opc.Ua.Mcp.Vision` adds 22 `vision_*`
tools, which with the four shared connection tools makes the `vision`
profile 26; `vision_get_frame` returns the camera image as an MCP
`ImageContentBlock`, so the model looks at pixels rather than reading a
description of them. Tool profiles now compose — `--profile
vision,robotics` yields 62 tools — so one agent can both see and act
without dragging in the full 136-tool catalogue.

**The cell.** `samples/Robotics/BinPickingCell` follows the spec's own
Robotics-Vision Addendum: the `world → robot_base → flange →
gripper_tcp` frame tree with `camera_eih` on the flange, the `HandEye`
extrinsics and the `Intrinsics612x512` intrinsics — the addendum's
2448×2048 calibration scaled to the 4×4-binned grid the camera actually
delivers. `samples/Robotics/BinPickingClient` hosts the composed MCP
catalogue and optionally the viewer.

**Documentation.** `docs/Vision.md` (~800 lines) covers the model,
hosting, the build context, every topology builder, both perception
paths, feedback, the MCP profile and the limitations; linked from
`docs/README.md`, with the profile table in `docs/McpServer.md` and
READMEs for both samples.

## Evidence, not assertions

Each of these was measured on a running system rather than assumed:

| Claim | Evidence |
|---|---|
| The camera sees the bin | 612×512 frame with the bin and all five
parts in view — red `(212,47,47)`, green `(61,193,71)`, blue
`(54,85,218)`, yellow `(215,196,58)`, orange `(209,119,55)` |
| An agent can act on what it sees | Over MCP, `vision_get_frame`
returns a 612×512 PNG that decodes from base64 to 1,254,051 bytes, the
descriptor beside the detections says 612×512, and all five
`BoundingBox2D` centres land **inside** the frame on the pixel colour
their own detection claims |
| The geometry is right | A detection composed `camera_eih → world`
lands on the authored position, residual **0.0000 m** — on both the
on-server and off-server paths |
| The detector tracks the world | Placing a part drops the next scan
from 5 detections to 4, with that part absent |
| The robot obeys the agent | Scripted run took command authority and
completed a pick and a place, both `Succeeded` |
| Tool catalogues are honest | Counted from a running server: vision 26,
robotics 40, `vision,robotics` 62, full 136, **zero duplicates** |
| Every node is browsable by NodeId | Eight representative NodeIds —
both folders, a pipeline, a frame, the sensor, its Calibrations folder,
the HandEye calibration, the Media folder — all `Good` |

That tool-count check matters because the profile tests collapse names
into a `HashSet` and *cannot see* a duplicate registration — so the new
tests count registrations, not names.

## Things that were wrong, and are not now

Writing the tests found three defects of one kind — code that answered
instead of refusing. A zero-norm quaternion was silently rewritten to
identity, so a caller with an all-zero orientation got a confident wrong
grasp pose. `SubmitCorrection` rewrote a null `ResultId` to empty and
called the sink anyway. A bad `StageIdentifier` **killed the host
process** inside native `UsdStage.Open`, via an exception .NET cannot
catch. All three now refuse loudly and are pinned by tests.

**Nodes that existed but could not be reached.** The node manager
indexes the Vision root before configurators run, so everything the
fluent builder grafted on afterwards — both folders, the pipelines with
their Results and Feedback, the frames, the sensors with their optics,
calibrations and media endpoints — was never added to the index.
Browsing *forward from a parent* worked, because that walks
`NodeState.Children` in memory; browsing any of those nodes *by its own
NodeId* returned `BadNodeIdUnknown`, which is how an ordinary client and
the MCP discovery tools navigate. Registration is now deferred and
flushed after each configurator. The first fix covered only the DI path
and left the documented non-DI fallback broken in exactly the same way,
so `ConfigureVisionAsync` now exists and registers what it builds.

That defect survived a green suite because every test browsed children.
The new tests assert by NodeId, and were checked against the broken code
— with the flush removed, they fail.

**Every Method was uncallable.** The Server passed 426 unit tests while
not one of its Methods could be invoked over a real session —
`RunInference` returned `Bad_TooManyArguments`, and so did every other
Method that takes arguments, which is all of them but `StartContinuous`
and `Stop`. Three independent faults, each sufficient on its own: the
Method nodes were never created (they are Optional children, and the
dispatcher guards every attachment with a null check, so it silently
attached nothing); nothing declared the arguments, so the stack
concluded none were expected; and `MethodDeclarationId` pointed at a
synthesised NodeId rather than the NodeSet declaration a client calls
with, so the lookup missed the instance Method entirely. The builder now
creates the Methods, the `Results` folder and the `Feedback` object when
a provider or sink is configured, declares every signature, and names
the right declaration.

Unit tests could not have caught this: they invoke the handler delegates
directly and never go through `MethodState.Call`. It took an end-to-end
test over a real session. Relatedly, children created by the generated
`CreateOrReplace` helpers carry no `ReferenceTypeId`, so nothing could
reach them — fixed once in the build context rather than at the several
dozen call sites.
**And one where I was wrong.** Earlier in this branch I reversed my own
agents' decision and made `SubmitDetections` accept an empty detection
set, reasoning that "I looked and the bin is empty" is a correct
observation and refusing it forces a correct agent to invent a
detection. The reasoning is sound; it is also an argument *against* the
specification rather than an implementation of it. §9.5 is normative and
explicit — its StatusCode table lists `Bad_InvalidArgument` for
"`Detections` empty; or `SubmitCorrection` supplies both or neither
corrected array".

Worse, **none of §9.5's argument rules were enforced anywhere** — the
dispatcher forwarded every submission straight to the feedback sink, so
conformance depended on whichever sink a host installed. They are Server
obligations, so they now live in the dispatcher, ahead of the sink,
proven by strict mocks that would throw if the sink were consulted. The
usability problem is real and does not go away by conforming, so it is
raised where it can be fixed:
[opcua-drafts#70](https://github.com/marcschier/opcua-drafts/issues/70).

## Tracking the updated drafts

The Vision, Robot Intent and AI Model Management NodeSets on
`opcua-drafts` `main` have moved, partly because of feedback this branch
raised. All three are re-vendored byte-identically — verified by
comparing git blob hashes against the upstream files rather than by eye
— and the implementations follow.

**Two statements that were previously inexpressible now have a wire
representation.** `SubmitDetections` takes `SceneIsEmpty` and
`SubmitCorrection` takes `RetractAll`, so an agent can report "I
examined this frame and there is nothing in it" — the terminating
condition of the bin-picking task — and can retract a false positive by
correcting a result down to nothing. Both are checked in both
directions, because the flag is exactly what separates a deliberate
empty observation from a lost payload: an empty array without the flag
is refused, and the flag with an array attached is refused as two
contradictory claims about one frame. Implemented in the dispatcher, the
client, the MCP tools the agent drives, and the sample cell.

Also absorbed: `LampType` and `LightingMode` became enums (§66),
`ProfileName` became `DefaultProfileName` on the endpoint (distinct from
the `ProfileName` a caller passes to `GetStreamEndpoint`, which keeps
its name), AI `Invoke`/`InvokeAsync` gained `PayloadUri` under the same
exactly-one rule, and AI `ListModels` gained a `ContinuationPoint` —
because `MaxResults` alone puts everything past the bound permanently
out of reach.

**OpenUSD is on `0.9.0-alpha`**, verified on the running cell rather
than by restore alone: D3D12 backend, 612×512 frame, the bin and all
five parts in view and detected — the same result `0.8.0-alpha`
produced.

The one local workaround that survives is `VisionMethodArguments`, and
its reason has changed rather than gone away: the builder materialises
these Methods as Optional children through `CreateOrReplace`, which
constructs the state object directly and never runs the generated
factory that now carries the signatures. Checked rather than assumed —
removing the declarations fails five of the eight
`VisionMethodSurfaceTests`.

## Review feedback

Three threads, all addressed in `0fe2803a3`:

- **The AI Model Management work is now a library family, not a
sample.** `src/Opc.Ua.AI` (model), `.Inference` (`IInferenceBackend` and
backends), `.Server` (node manager) and `.Client` (discovery, reads,
calls, artefact transfer), in the same shape as the Robotics and Vision
families; the samples become `samples/AI/ModelManagementServer` and
`ModelManagementClient`. The client library needed real work rather than
relocation: its browsing surface was `private` inside the sample's
scenario runner, so moving the file alone would have produced a library
nobody could call.
- **No cloud-vendor SDK is referenced anywhere.** Inference goes through
`Microsoft.Extensions.AI` — an `IChatClient` is implemented by hosted
services and on-device runtimes alike, which is exactly the property
clause 8.1 asserts. `Azure.Identity` is gone: workload identity is not
an Azure feature, every platform projects a token into a file and each
SDK reads that file behind its own API, so the resolver reads it
directly. The comment claiming `Microsoft.Extensions.AI` would force a
`System.Text.Json` bump was stale — it pins 10.0.10, which this
repository already centralises on.
- **`BinPickingCell` and `BinPickingClient` moved into
`samples/Robotics/`**, which is where they belonged: the cell was
already linking the arm, its kinematics and both USD assets out of
`IntentEnabledRobot`.

## Upstream

Work that belonged elsewhere went elsewhere rather than being worked
around locally:

- **`openusd-dotnet`
[#13](https://github.com/marcschier/openusd-dotnet/pull/13)** — merged
and shipped in `0.8.0-alpha`. `SilkFrameCapture.Capture` rendered only
the first capture of a session and silently returned a blank frame for
every one after it. Also filed
[#14](https://github.com/marcschier/openusd-dotnet/issues/14) (no
camera-by-prim API) and
[#15](https://github.com/marcschier/openusd-dotnet/issues/15) (skipped
tests reported as passed — which fooled me for several runs). Both are
fixed; this branch takes `0.8.0-alpha` and deletes two workarounds,
including 143 lines of hand-rolled projection maths.
- **`opcua-drafts`
[#66](https://github.com/marcschier/opcua-drafts/issues/66)–[#69](https://github.com/marcschier/opcua-drafts/issues/69)**
— a close read of the spec produced 22 candidate ambiguities; 12 were
discarded as misreadings with clause citations and the remaining 10
filed. One is concrete: five members exist in the NodeId CSV that no
clause documents.
- **`opcua-drafts`
[#70](https://github.com/marcschier/opcua-drafts/issues/70)** — §9.5
could not express an empty observation or a false-positive retraction.
**Adopted**, with the explicit-flag resolution argued for:
`SubmitDetections` gained `SceneIsEmpty`, `SubmitCorrection` gained
`RetractAll`, and the corrected-array rule relaxed from *exactly one* to
*at most one*.
- **`opcua-drafts`
[#71](https://github.com/marcschier/opcua-drafts/issues/71)** — the
Vision NodeSet browse-named all 13 `InputArguments` / `OutputArguments`
Properties in the Vision namespace rather than the base namespace, so a
stack could not find them and every Method in the specification was
uncallable. **Fixed**; this branch now tracks the corrected artefact.

## The defect underneath it all

The end-to-end suite was removed earlier in this branch because nine of
its
fourteen tests failed on one symptom: a client could not open a
pipeline's
`Feedback` object or enumerate its `Results`, even though browsing the
same
parent listed both. Restoring it meant explaining that, and the
explanation
was not in Vision.

`RelativePathElement` initialised **`IsInverse` to `true`**. A caller
that
sets a `ReferenceTypeId` and a `TargetName` — which reads as *"the child
reached by this Reference"* — was therefore asking the Server for the
**inverse** Reference, and got `Bad_NoMatch` with nothing in the request
to
suggest why.

`ObjectTypeClient.ResolveChildNodeIdAsync` is such a caller, and it is
what
**every source-generated Optional-child accessor in the stack** is built
on
— the accessor whose own documentation cites
`AlarmConditionTypeClient.GetShelvingStateAsync`
as an example. Vision is merely where it surfaced, because Vision puts
two
Optional children on the path an off-Server agent must take. The sibling
helper in `StateMachineTypeClientExtensions` already set `IsInverse =
false`
by hand, which is the shape of a trap rather than a default.

The default is now forward, `ResolveChildNodeIdAsync` says so
explicitly,
and the existing test that had recorded `true` as *expected* now pins
`false` with the reasoning. Of the forty `RelativePathElement`
construction
sites in the tree, that accessor was **the only one relying on the
default at
all** — every deliberate caller already set it.

Two further defects were found underneath it, both real and both fixed:

- The generated `CreateOrReplace` helpers construct a child state object
directly and leave **`TypeDefinitionId`** unset as well as
`ReferenceTypeId`.
A child referenced by nothing cannot be browsed; one with no type
definition
is a malformed Object that a client filtering by type silently skips —
which
  is exactly what `EnumerateResultsAsync` does. Normalisation moved to
`VisionNodeManager`, so it also covers the case the builder cannot see:
a
result published **at runtime** by an inference provider, long after the
address space was built. That path produced results a client could list
but
  not read.
- `Opc.Ua.AI` shipped without an `AssemblyInfo`, so the solution built
with
  six `CA1014` warnings.

I had initially "fixed" this in the Vision client with Browse-based
fallbacks,
on the strength of a probe that appeared to show
`TranslateBrowsePathsToNodeIds`
failing even for `Server → ServerStatus`. That probe was wrong: it used
an
unqualified `ReferenceTypeIds`, which inside a `Opc.Ua.Vision.*`
namespace
binds to *Vision's* `ReferenceTypeIds` and yields a nonsense NodeId.
Chasing
that to the end is what turned up the real cause. **The fallbacks are
gone** —
they would have hidden a stack-wide bug behind a Vision-shaped
workaround, and
one of them matched on browse name while ignoring the namespace index.

`tests/Opc.Ua.Vision.Intent.Tests` is restored and back in `UA.slnx`,
passing
**14/14** on its own merit rather than through a client-side workaround.
A
registration test now pins the pipeline's `Feedback` and `Results`
children,
which nothing covered before.

## Running it, and what that found

The demo's premise is that a language model **looks at the bin and
reasons
about what it sees**. Running it end to end showed it could not, for
reasons
no test covered, because every one of them lived between components.

**The sample did not compile.** Two `CS8604` nullable errors with
`TreatWarningsAsErrors`, so neither the cell server nor the demo could
be
started at all. Worth recording that my first explanation was wrong: CI
*does*
build this project - the Linux leg's `net10.0` pass compiles it,
log-confirmed -
so this is not a coverage gap in the workflow, and no workflow change
was made.

**`Pick` and `Place` never moved the arm.** They were a delay plus a
gripper
action, so the operations reported `Succeeded` while nothing travelled.
They now
solve IK once and interpolate in joint space. **And the parts never
moved**: the
arm swung but the bin stayed full, because nothing tied the held object
to the
world state. The connector now creates 11 monitored items where it
created 6,
and a scripted run delivers `SeqNo=151` across 10 messages where it
delivered
`SeqNo=3` across 1.

**The frame was smuggled through a string field.** The media provider
put a
base64 *data URI* of the PNG into `VisionImageReferenceDataType.Uri` - a
field
meant to be a *reference*, while the bytes were already returned in the
inline
`ByteString`. Every response therefore shipped the image twice, and a
1,311,400-byte PNG became a 1,748,536-character string against a
`MaxStringLength` of 65,535: **26.7x over**. That is why raising
`MaxByteStringLength`, `MaxArrayLength` and `MaxMessageSize` never
helped - none
of them govern a `String`. Separately the MCP tool assigned raw bytes
where
`ImageContentBlock` requires base64, so the wire carried
`"data":"�PNG..."` -
every non-UTF-8 byte replaced by U+FFFD, destroying the image and
inflating the
response to 6.8 MB.

**The camera was aimed at nothing.** The arm's home pose, the flange
scan pose
the Vision model declared and the joint angles in the USD stage were
three
independent claims about where the camera was, and they disagreed - the
declared
flange orientation pointed the view 86 degrees away from the projection
camera.
Solving them as one thing exposed two further constraints that are easy
to miss:
the camera has to sit off the tool axis or it photographs its own
gripper, and
the IK branch has to be elbow-back or a link parks under the camera and
fills the
frame with the arm's own upper arm. A third was a regression this branch
introduced and `Opc.Ua.Robotics.Tests` caught - aiming a straight-down
camera
from a point on the base's own X-Z plane puts the wrist on the J4/J6
singularity, so every motion away from home fails to solve. A 15-degree
camera
roll, free because the camera still looks straight down, gets 25 degrees
clear,
which is the margin the poses before this branch had.

**The frame and the detections were different images.** The sensor
declared
2448x2048, the clip endpoint 1280x1024, and the renderer produced
640x512 - not
even the same aspect ratio. The ground-truth detector projects through
the
declared intrinsics, so its boxes lived in 2448x2048 space while an
agent was
handed a 640x512 picture: *"pick the red cube you can see"* arrived with
coordinates that pointed off the image. Everything now agrees at
612x512, an
exact 4x4 bin of the native sensor with the intrinsics scaled to match;
the
native size stays in the model and serial number, where it describes the
hardware rather than the image.

**`LatestClip` was created and never written**, so it reported
`Bad_NoDataAvailable` for the life of the Server and a consumer
following the
model - read the published frame, call the method only if there is none
- never
got a frame. The dispatcher now publishes a clip it has just encoded,
for every
Vision server rather than this sample alone.

One genuine API gap turned up on the way: `OpcUaServerOptions` exposes
`MaxByteStringLength`, `MaxArrayLength` and `MaxMessageSize` and **no
`MaxStringLength`**, so a Server that legitimately needs a long string
could not
raise the limit through the hosting API at all. Added, with tests. It is
not the
fix for anything above - that was a design bug - but the missing knob
was real.

## Not finished

- **Two projects sit below the repository's 80% line coverage.**
`Opc.Ua.Vision.OpenUsd` is at 71.1% — what is left only executes with a
real OpenUSD stage and plugin tree, which is not on every build agent.
`Opc.Ua.AI.Inference` is now at **86.7%**, up from 12.9%: the code this
branch *wrote* is covered by 25 tests, and `RestChatCompletionsBackend`
— previously the whole of the shortfall — is covered by 18 more against
a stubbed `HttpMessageHandler`, exercising success, refusal, throttling,
retry-after, timeout and cancellation without a network. Everything else
clears the bar — `Opc.Ua.Vision.Server` 92.1%, `Opc.Ua.AI` 91.4%,
`.Vision.Client` 88.1%, `Opc.Ua.Vision` 85.7%, `Opc.Ua.AI.Server` 80.1%,
all measured with coverlet. The CI coverage gate reports itself as
advisory and non-blocking.
- **`SamplesCollected` is not counted here, and `docs/Vision.md` now
says so.** Section 9.4 requires a Server to count a negative example
(`SceneIsEmpty` / `RetractAll` carrying a `GroundTruthLabel`) exactly as
it counts one carrying geometry. `VisionNodeManager` does not, and
structurally cannot: `SamplesCollected` is a property of
`LearningJobType`, which the *AI Model Management* companion defines,
and Vision reaches the job through a `NodeId` value rather than a
Reference **precisely so this model takes no dependency on the model
that defines it**. What the Server does guarantee is that the negative
example survives the hop intact — both flags are carried verbatim to
`IVisionFeedbackSink` — so a host that binds a learning job has
everything it needs to satisfy the clause on the counter it owns. Stated
in the limitations rather than left implied.

## Related Issues

Was stacked on #4195, now merged. No tracking issue yet for the Vision
implementation itself — happy to open one if you would like the design
recorded as an ADR before this goes further.

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage. — *Types 8562, Server 4072,
Client 2123, InformationModel 1063, Robotics 540, Tools 466, Vision 442,
AI 74 and the restored Vision+Intent end-to-end suite 14/14, all green
on net10.0. Only `.OpenUsd` (71.1%) is below the 80% bar — see Not
finished.*
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings. — *`dotnet build UA.slnx -c Release`: 0 errors, 0
warnings.*
- [x] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed. — *net48:
Types 8555, Client 2126, Vision 385 green. Two net48 Server tests fail
(`CreateUserManagementSeamBindsTheModelToTheServerAsync`, and
`DurableDataValueQueueVerifyReferenceBatchingAsync` only under parallel
load); both were confirmed **pre-existing** by re-running them with the
`IsInverse` change reverted, which fails identically.*
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings. — *The net48 build legs failed because the
restored end-to-end project used `ValueTask.FromResult` /
`string.Create`, which do not exist on .NET Framework; fixed in
`fb57522da` and verified building on every TFM.
`DisposeDrainsHeldConnectionCallbackBeforeListenerDisposal` failed once
on the Ubuntu Client leg — a 13 ms timing-sensitive reverse-connect
disposal test that passes locally 2123/2123 and touches no browse
paths.*
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.
## Typed Vision-guided Robotics MCP workflows

The branch now also makes the demo workflow first-class in the Full MCP
profile:

- replaces stringified Robotics intent and mission inputs with typed
request schemas and exact name-or-NodeId selectors;
- adds bounded operation/mission paging, stable step-to-operation
identity, retained mission discovery, and `robotics_wait_mission`;
- makes `vision_run_inference` return bounded typed detection,
inspection, or segmentation summaries in one call;
- adds same-session `robotics_vision_pick` to select a detection and
submit Pick or Pick/Place work without implicitly taking authority,
retrying, cancelling, or waiting; and
- starts Publish workers for classic subscriptions so an independently
launched OpenUSD viewer receives live robot and part updates.

The migration guide documents the intentionally breaking MCP
request-schema changes.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 1dab1302-19c5-4a9b-a50c-d97d389713aa
Copilot-Session: a248a589-9a20-4372-868e-5d347e57001b
Copilot-Session: 99d1ab42-f83a-41ab-bf3e-85bf81fadace
Copilot-Session: bcbc8ac9-5abd-42a8-8bac-e10533790e2e
2026-08-29 19:34:15 +02:00
romanett 41db5aca60 Fluent: publish Configure-created nodes' references on foreign-manager nodes (Objects folder placement) (#4331)
# Description

A node created inside the fluent `Configure` hook (source-generated
`[NodeManager]` partial, or the hosting `AddNodeManager(uri, build)`
route) had no way to appear below the Objects folder — or below any node
owned by another node manager.
`AsyncCustomNodeManager.AddReverseReferencesAsync` mirrors inverse
references into the `externalReferences` dictionary **before** the
`Configure` partials run, and the fluent surface never sees the
dictionary, so a configure-created node with an inverse `Organizes`
reference to `ObjectsFolder` existed and simulated but never showed up
under Objects.

This implements the three coordinated pieces proposed in #4329, plus the
companion namespace gap:

**1. Idempotent mirroring pass** (independently worthwhile hardening)
- `AddExternalReference` in `AsyncCustomNodeManager` and
`CustomNodeManager2` now has if-missing semantics (linear scan of the
per-source list).
- `TypeTable.AddEncoding` no longer appends a duplicate encoding id;
re-registering the same encoding is a succeeding no-op.
(`AddRootNotifierAsync` and the node-side `AddReferenceIfMissing` branch
were already idempotent.)

**2. Re-run the pass after `Configure`**
- New protected
`FluentNodeManagerBase.CompleteConfigureAsync(externalReferences, ct)`
wraps `AddReverseReferencesAsync` so hand-written managers using
`CreateFluentBuilder` benefit too.
- The generator-emitted `CreateAddressSpaceAsync` and the hosting
`FluentNodeManager` invoke it once between the `Configure` callbacks and
`Seal()`. Timing is safe: the master distributes `externalReferences`
only after every manager's `CreateAddressSpaceAsync` returns. Side
benefit: inverse `HasNotifier` references on configure-created event
sources get root-notifier registration for free.
- The hosting `FluentNodeManager`'s hand-rolled `externalReferences`
workaround for its root folder is deleted — the root's inverse
`Organizes` reference now flows through the shared pass (mirrored
exactly once, covered by a test).

**3. Discoverable fluent sugar**
- `OrganizedBy(parentId)` / `UnderObjectsFolder()` on `INodeBuilder`
write the inverse `Organizes` reference; with piece 2, placement is just
"write the inverse reference".
- A parentless `CreateInstance<TState>` on `INodeManagerBuilder` takes a
constructor-style factory (`p => new BoilerState(p)`, keeping the
surface reflection-free and AOT-safe), materializes the subtree from the
type model via `NodeState.Create`, rebases all NodeIds through the
manager's `INodeIdFactory`
(`AssignInstanceNodeId`/`AssignInstanceChildNodeIds` — the same pair the
generated factories use, so declaration-id children cannot collide with
the type model), and registers via `AddPredefinedNodeSynchronously`. The
Boiler #2 shape becomes fully fluent:

```csharp
builder.CreateInstance(
        new QualifiedName("Boiler #2", NamespaceIndexes[1]),
        p => new BoilerState(p))
    .Configure(n => n.UnderObjectsFolder());
```

**Companion gap, same theme:** `[NodeManager]` grows
`AdditionalNamespaceUris`, flowing through attribute discovery → binding
→ generator so the generated constructor reports a second (instance)
namespace at construction and the generated factory advertises it in
`NamespacesUris` — today `SetNamespaces` after construction is not
enough because `MasterNodeManager` builds its namespace routing from
what the manager reported when it was built.

**Scope boundary** (as discussed in the issue): startup-time
configuration only; for nodes created after startup the correct
primitive remains `IMasterNodeManager.AddReferencesAsync`.

**Reviewer notes**
- The generated-code change was validated against the real pipeline: a
forced fresh compile of `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` (whose CoverageNodeSet
managers are `[NodeManager]`-generated) emits `await
CompleteConfigureAsync(externalReferences, cancellationToken)` between
`Configure` and `Seal()` and compiles against the real base class.
- The distribution consumer (`AddReferencesAsync`) already used
`AddReferenceIfMissing`, so the whole chain is defense-in-depth
idempotent.
- 15 new tests: double-run idempotence, second-pass pickup of
late-registered nodes, the new reference sugar, root-instance creation
incl. child-id rebasing and reference remapping, hosting end-to-end
Objects-folder placement, emitted-sequence and `AdditionalNamespaceUris`
generator tests, and a full Roslyn-pipeline attribute test. Docs updated
in `docs/NodeManagers.md` (new "Creating nodes under other managers'
nodes" section, attribute docs, fluent-surface sections).
- Verified locally: all touched projects build with 0 warnings; full
`Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` (4,725 passed / 0 failed / 5 skipped, net9.0),
`TypeTableTests` (113), `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core.Tests` (41),
`Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Tests` (132), and the Quickstarts.Servers
sample all pass.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4329
- Motivating case: OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard-Samples#756 /
OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard-Samples#795 (Workshop/Boiler migration)

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-29 10:38:56 +02:00
Marc Schier 397db603db Add OPC UA for Asset Administration Shell: the published OPC 30270 and v3 draft (#4244)
# Description

Implements the **Asset Administration Shell** companion specifications
on top of `marcschier/wot-type-binding`, in two halves that a Server
chooses between:

* **AAS V3** — the
[draft](https://github.com/marcschier/opcua-drafts/tree/main/companion-specs/AAS)
(`http://opcfoundation.org/UA/I4AAS/v3/`), all sixteen conformance
units: the metamodel, the registry built on the abstract xRegistry base,
generational materialization, federation, packages with digest-bound
integrity, the Digital Product Passport vocabulary, and the Annex F
bridge to WoT Thing Descriptions.
* **AAS V2** — the published [OPC
30270](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-30270/full)
(`http://opcfoundation.org/UA/I4AAS/`), which maps the AAS V2.0.1
metamodel: object model, ingestion of XML, JSON and AASX,
materialization, server and client.

The two are different metamodel generations rather than two revisions of
one model — V2 keeps `Asset` as a first-class Identifiable,
`identification.idType`, Views and ordered collections, none of which
survive into V3 — so they are **alternatives**. A Server hosts one or
the other; this is documented rather than enforced at startup. Each is
named for the generation it maps (`Opc.Ua.Aas.V2`, `Opc.Ua.Aas.V3`,
`AddAasV2Server`, `AddAasV3Server`), and what genuinely serves both
carries no marker and sits at the root of `Opc.Ua.Aas`: the
deterministic NodeId encoding and idShortPath conventions,
`AasOptional<T>`, the digest rule, the materialization diagnostics, the
AASX container walk, and the value and operation providers, which are
keyed on `NodeId` and `Variant` and so carry no version at all.

## What is in here

**New libraries**: `Opc.Ua.Aas`, `Opc.Ua.Aas.Server`,
`Opc.Ua.Aas.Client`, `Opc.Ua.Aas.WoT`, plus `samples/Aas` and
`docs/Aas.md`.

**Enabling changes to existing code**, each needed by the above:

* The OPC UA `Decimal` DataType added to `Opc.Ua.Types`, with its Part 6
§5.1.10 wire encoding. `BinaryDecoder` gained one internal member,
`TryReadRemainingBodyBytes`, because a trailing field with no
self-describing length cannot otherwise be read; `Decimal.Decode` is its
only caller. Part 6 Table 3 types the unscaled `Value` as an
**OctetString whose byte count is `Length` − 2**, not a length-prefixed
`ByteString`, so it carries no length of its own —
`DecimalEncodingTests` pins the body byte-for-byte against that mistake,
and against the `Length ≤ 2` values the same table calls invalid.
* The xRegistry projection engine extracted into
`Opc.Ua.XRegistry.Server` and `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Server` migrated onto it
(−848/+387 lines), with the WoT Connectivity tests passing **unedited**.
* Two source-generator fixes, both of which made a model impossible to
build (see below).

## Defects found and fixed along the way

Running the stack end to end, rather than trusting per-area test suites,
surfaced defects that no unit test caught. The ones worth a maintainer's
attention:

* **The generator emitted non-terminating constructors.** A structure
field with no declared default was initialized with `new T()`, so a
self-referential DataType (`AASReferenceDataType.referredSemanticId`)
recursed until the stack overflowed and `AddOpcUaAas` could not load the
model at all. The test host *died* rather than failing. Only the field
that closes a cycle is now left null.
* **The generator omitted `new` on a redeclared placeholder.**
`AASOrderedSubmodelElementCollectionType` redeclares the
`SubmodelElement` slot of its base type, and the generated `Add` method
hid the base one without saying so, so the V2 model would not compile.
No existing model could have hit either defect — both are build
failures, so anything that builds today is unaffected.
* **The metamodel half had never worked outside its unit tests**: the
emitted NodeSet declared no reference-type aliases and was rejected by
the loader; the Mandatory `Invoke` Method was never emitted, because a
NodeSet is imported as written rather than instantiated from its type;
the runtime bound at the authored namespace index instead of the one the
Server assigns; and `MethodDeclarationId` was addressed in the wrong
namespace. Every materializer test inspected the in-memory object graph,
which cannot see whether the graph is loadable — two tests now import it
exactly as `RuntimeNodeSetNodeManager` does.
* **The client could not see any Property member.** It browsed
`HasComponent` with subtypes, but `HasProperty` is a sibling under
`Aggregates`, so reading a value failed and invoking failed argument
validation.
* **Every repeated registry write forked a duplicate group and
resource** instead of adding a version, because the identifier was
re-derived against a sibling set that already contained the entity
itself. This also made the persistence bounds unreachable.
* `.gitignore`'s `**/packages/*` silently swallowed the whole
package-integrity implementation and its tests, which would have
vanished on a fresh clone.

## Specification findings

Nine findings against the V3 draft are fixed in
[marcschier/opcua-drafts#75](https://github.com/marcschier/opcua-drafts/pull/75).
The substantive one: clause 6.1.5's absent-versus-empty rule was
**unsatisfiable** for five container fields that materialize as parent
components with no node of their own, which made `AAS-LosslessRoundTrip`
unachievable.

OPC 30270 contradicts itself twice. Both are recorded in
`AasV2ConformanceUnits.cs` and the documentation rather than smoothed
over: Table 83 spells the unit `I4AAS MultiLangaugeProperty` where Table
85 spells it correctly, and Table 85 lists an `I4AAS Security` unit that
Table 83 never defines. Table 84, which would assign profile URIs, is
empty, so `ServerProfileArray` gains no I4AAS entry.

## Known limitation

Calling an `Operation` **with arguments** answers `BadTooManyArguments`.
Method resolution works from both the instance NodeId and the
`MethodDeclarationId`, and the argument definitions are published, but
`NodeState.AddChild` does not route through `MethodState.FindChild`, so
a Method imported from a NodeSet leaves its typed `InputArguments` null.
Closing this means changing how the shared NodeSet import claims typed
children, which affects every consumer of runtime NodeSets and is out of
scope here. It is documented in `docs/Aas.md` §11, the conformance
matrix marks `AAS-OperationInvoke` partial rather than claiming it, and
`samples/Aas` exercises the path and reports the status rather than
working around it. V2 is unaffected — its `Operation` is an
OptionalPlaceholder with no declared arguments.

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue yet. Opening as a **draft** for design discussion
first, per the ADR guidance below; happy to open one and link it once
the shape is agreed.

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [x] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

### Verification

| Check | Result |
|---|---|
| AAS tests | **670 passed, 0 failed** on net472, net48, net8.0, net9.0,
net10.0 |
| Coverage | Client 80.8 %, Server 81.2 %, `Opc.Ua.Aas` 82.0 %, WoT 82.4
% — all above the 80 % gate |
| Libraries | `Opc.Ua.Aas`, `.Server`, `.Client`, `.WoT` build clean on
every target framework, zero warnings |
| Regression | `Opc.Ua.Types` 8677, `Opc.Ua.WotCon` 1094,
`Opc.Ua.XRegistry` 198, `Opc.Ua.Server` 4050 — all green |
| Sample | `samples/Aas` builds warning-free and runs end to end |
| Merge validation | Solution builds clean on net10.0 and net48; WoT
Types 504, WotCon 1111, AAS 670, XRegistry 198 tests passed |
| CI | All 99 checks green on `ff9298e44`; only the CLA signature status
is outstanding |

### Review pass

A full review against both specifications, and for API consistency and
correctness, produced twelve
fixes. Each one has a test that fails without it.

| Defect | Where | Why it mattered |
|---|---|---|
| V2 projection aborted on **every** `File` read from a document |
`AasV2EnvironmentRuntime` | The runtime bound `File/Value`
unconditionally, the materializer emitted it only with content, and the
builder throws `BadNotFound` for an unknown NodeId — aborting the whole
registration. No reader ever populates `AasFile.File`, so no AAS V2
document could be hosted at all. |
| `aas-suppl` anchored on the wrong part | `AasxPackageReaderCore`,
`AasxPackageWriter` | IDTA and the Package Explorer anchor it on the
environment part; we used the origin part. Every real `.aasx` returned
zero supplementary files, silently. Affects both halves. |
| Federation failed closed on pooled connections | `AasFederation` |
`ConnectCallback` fires only for new connections, so the second fetch to
an origin — and all of net472/net48/netstandard2.1 — failed with a
security-flavoured error. The peer is now validated *inside* the
callback, which makes reuse safe by construction. |
| Malformed `Decimal` escaped as `ArgumentOutOfRangeException` |
`BinaryDecoder` | A declared body shorter than `Scale` produced a
negative read length. Two of the three test cases had been passing for
the wrong reason. |
| V2 and V3 cross-wired their value providers |
`OpcUaAasServerBuilderExtensions` | Both registered `IAasValueProvider`;
whichever was added first served both AddressSpaces. V2 now has its own
contract, so co-hosting is harmless rather than silently wrong.
`EnvironmentFolder` was also bound and ignored on the V2 path. |
| Export filter skipped three nesting kinds | `AasEnvironmentExporter` |
Content under `Entity`, `AnnotatedRelationshipElement` and `Operation`
was exported unevaluated *and* stamped with a Digest presenting it as
complete (clause 6.5.10). List authorization paths also shifted after a
denial. |
| Concealment held at the Method but not in the projection |
`AasRegistryModel` | `GetSubmodel` answered `BadNotFound` while an
anonymous Browse revealed the node, its identifier, semanticId and
digest (clause 6.5.7). |
| File handles were unsynchronized and unowned | `AasElementFileManager`
| The async node manager holds no lock, so concurrent Calls raced a bare
`Dictionary`; sequential handles let any Session read, seek or commit
another's. Writes were also unbounded. |
| Projection host was unimplementable outside the stack |
`AasEnvironmentProjection` | The handle demanded a type with an internal
constructor — our own tests used
`FormatterServices.GetUninitializedObject` to get round it. Now mirrors
WotCon's interface-typed registration. |
| Embedded `FileType` omitted 7 of 10 Mandatory members |
`AasEnvironmentMaterializer` (V2) | OPC 10000-3 6.4.4 requires them all;
without `Size` and `OpenCount` a Client cannot size a read or detect an
abandoned handle. |
| Round-trip oracle ignored most of the model | `AasRoundTripComparer` |
`Blob`, `File`, `ReferenceElement` and `BasicEventElement` had no case
arm, so their fields compared equal by falling off the switch;
`valueType`, `semanticId`, `entityType` and `Key.type` were never read.
The clause 6.4 losslessness claim rested on it. |

Known, unchanged: calling an `Operation` with arguments answers
`BadTooManyArguments`, because
`NodeState.AddChild` does not route through `MethodState.FindChild`.
Documented in `docs/Aas.md` §11.

Not addressed in this pass, and worth a maintainer decision: OPC 30270
§9.2 says all NodeIds of
Nodes not defined in the companion specification **shall not** use the
standard namespaces, and
Table 87 marks a vendor-specific instance namespace Mandatory. Both
halves currently mint instances
in the companion namespace. Separating them touches NodeId minting, the
runtime and the client
together, so it is better done deliberately than folded into a review
pass.
This is a large change and touches shared code (`Opc.Ua.Types`, the
source generator, the xRegistry projection). It is deliberately a draft:
the enabling changes are separable if maintainers would prefer them
split into their own PRs. The latest `master` is merged into this branch
in `0dd0ff0e1`.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 9e6a5abf-3299-4cd1-9855-010fedbf0ad8
Copilot-Session: c3d88950-4a65-4ff6-87d2-1f545a875c9b
Copilot-Session: b8ab3763-b9bd-46ae-b0ef-045db26e5782
2026-08-18 08:11:47 -07:00
Marc Schier a7c776e8d4 Align the WoT implementation with spec: type binding, removed vocabulary, Alarms and Conditions (#4225)
# Description

Aligns the WoT implementation with the normative changes in the OPC UA
WoT
specification drafts that the stack had not picked up, and fixes the
defects
that alignment surfaced.

The driving artifact is

[OPCF-Members/spec-drafts#19](https://github.com/OPCF-Members/spec-drafts/pull/19),
*"bind a projected node to an already-loaded type, by name or by
NodeId"*, which
landed on the spec `main` after this repository last tracked it.

## 1. Bind a projected node to an existing type (Binding §5.2.1)

§5.2.1 lets a document state that the node it projects is an instance of
a type
that **already exists** — one a companion model defines and the Server
has
loaded, or one a sibling document of the same conversion defines — so a
converter binds to that type instead of defining a second type of the
same
shape.

The converter hardcoded `HasTypeDefinition` to `BaseObjectType`, so a
document
that named its type projected an **untyped** node: a client browsing for
the
companion type would not find it, and nothing said why.

Both forms are now implemented, resolved against the §5.1.5 **local
context** —
the other documents being converted together first, a loaded
AddressSpace as the
fallback. `IWotNodeResolver` supplies that context (is a namespace held;
what
does a qualified BrowseName match; what does an ExpandedNodeId
identify),
`WotCompositeNodeResolver` composes implementations in the specified
order, and
`NullWotNodeResolver` is the default that holds nothing. The converter
needed no
new async surface: the binding is resolved in a pre-resolve pass,
exactly as
Thing references already are, and the synchronous core consumes the
result.

The §5.2.1 table is honoured: a unique name binds; the link settles an
ambiguous
name; a name that resolves to nothing while the link resolves is
**invalid**
(that is a mistake in the name, not a shorthand for the identifier); two
forms
resolving to different Nodes are invalid; a resolved type of the wrong
NodeClass
is invalid. A binding naming a type the local context does not hold
**fails**
rather than falling back to `BaseObjectType` — a silently mistyped node
is worse
than a reported failure.

A compact name is told from ordinary `@type` annotation **by
namespace**, not by
whether the lookup succeeds, so `saref:TemperatureSensor` on a Server
that has
never heard of SAREF stays the annotation it always was.

The definitive form — a `ua:HasTypeDefinition` link whose
`href` is the ExpandedNodeId of the type. An ExpandedNodeId matches
exactly one
Node or none, so it needs no lookup.

A Node has exactly one `HasTypeDefinition`, so:

- two such links → `AmbiguousTypeBinding` (6019), and the root keeps the
default
  rather than being bound to a guess;
- a link with no usable identifier → `InvalidTypeBinding` (6020);
- no binding at all → the `BaseObjectType` default is unchanged.

## 2. Drop the six vocabulary terms `#19` removed

`#19` deleted `uav:capability`, `uav:componentModel`, `uav:reference`,
`uav:congruentType`, `uav:congruentTypeName` and `uav:nameNamespace`
from the
context, the JSON Schema and the ontology. A link now names its
ReferenceType
directly in `rel`, so the three link relations become `ua:HasInterface`,
`ua:HasComponent` and `ua:NonHierarchicalReferences`, and the
congruent-type
pair is superseded by the §5.2.1 type binding.

Their validation and mapping are removed; they are now ordinary residue
like any
other unrecognised term.

### A real gap this uncovered

The converter knew **eight** ReferenceTypes by name and had neither
`NonHierarchicalReferences` (`i=32`) nor `HasInterface` (`i=17603`) — so
the two
relations that *replace* `uav:reference` and `uav:capability` could not
resolve
at all. That includes example 02, which this repository vendors as a
golden
asset and which `#19` rewrote to use them. Both are now in the map.

`uav:congruentType` was also the only term that redirected one reference
to
another while resolving a link target, so `ResolveTargetNodeIdAsync` no
longer
needs a loop. It resolves once and reports an unresolved target; the
resolution
context is still entered and the bytes still counted, so the
per-conversion
document, depth and byte bounds are unchanged.

## 3. Reject an out-of-range event severity instead of clamping it

`uav:severity` had grown in this implementation without being a
specification
term. Rather than drop it, it is proposed upstream in

[OPCF-Members/spec-drafts#21](https://github.com/OPCF-Members/spec-drafts/pull/21),
which defines it with an explicit rule: the value **shall** be in the
OPC 10000-5
range 1..1000, and a consumer **shall not** silently clamp it.

The implementation clamped, so a document asking for severity 5000 was
accepted
and published as 1000 — the mistake was hidden while what the author
asked for
was changed. An affordance carrying an out-of-range severity is now
skipped,
with the reason logged, and its half-built event type and
`GeneratesEvent`
reference are removed.

### Defect found while making that change

The occurrence-time path read `ValidateSeverity(severity) ??
tag.Severity`.
Because `ValidateSeverity(null)` returns the 500 default, it **never**
fell back
to the affordance's authored severity: an occurrence reported without a
severity
published 500 rather than the authored 900. Build-time validation and
the
occurrence-time choice are now separate methods.

## 4. Vendored examples and honest coverage claims

Examples 21 and 22 were missing from the vendored golden assets.
Converting
example 22 is now the end-to-end check for §5.2.1 — the specification's
own
example rather than a fixture written to match the implementation.

`docs/WotBindings.md` claimed ten of the eleven conformance units and
silently
omitted **WoT-ConditionMapping**, and said "twenty worked examples". The
count
is corrected, and WoT-ConditionMapping is now **covered** — see §5
below.

## 5. Alarms and Conditions (Binding §13)

The last unclaimed conformance unit. A projected Condition event now
derives
from the ConditionType it names rather than from `BaseEventType`;
falling back
would lose the Condition state model entirely, leaving a Client unable
to tell
an alarm from an ordinary event.

The two forms follow the hint-plus-pin pattern of §5.3:
`uav:conditionTypeId`
is definitive and wins, `uav:conditionType` is a readable hint resolved
for the
four ConditionTypes §13.1 scopes. An unpinned name outside that set is
reported
rather than guessed.

Four conformance rules are enforced, each because breaking it yields a
document
a consumer can read but cannot act on:

| Rule | Section | Diagnostic |
| --- | --- | --- |
| A Condition event declares `EventId` in its `data` | 13.3 |
`ConditionEventIdMissing` |
| `uav:conditionAction` is inside its closed set | 13.2 |
`InvalidConditionAction` |
| `uav:actsOn` names a Condition event in the same document | 13.4 |
`InvalidConditionTarget` |
| `Acknowledge`/`Confirm`/`AddComment` declare an `EventId` input | 13.4
| `ConditionActionInputMissing` |

`Enable` and `Disable` act on the Condition instance rather than one
occurrence
and are deliberately exempt from the last rule, pinned by a negative
test.
Shelving, suppression, dialog conditions and `ConditionRefresh` stay out
of
scope, as §13.1 scopes the mapping.

## 6. The sibling half of the §5.1.5 local context

`SnapshotWotNodeResolver` indexes the registry snapshot a conversion
runs over
and is wired into `WotNodeSetDocumentConverter`, so a document naming a
type
another document in the same registry projects resolves with no
AddressSpace at
all. Only Thing Models are indexed: a Thing Model projects a
`UAObjectType` and
is a valid target, a Thing Description projects an instance and never
is.

Identity comes from the new public
`WotNodeSetConverter.TryDescribeProjectedType`,
which applies exactly the rules the conversion uses, so an index entry
and the
projected node cannot drift apart. Ambiguity is preserved rather than
resolved:
two siblings sharing a qualified name yield both matches so the caller
can
report it.

## Deliberately not in this PR

- **The AddressSpace-backed `IWotNodeResolver`.** The abstraction, the
composite, the null default and the sibling-document implementation ship
here; the AddressSpace-backed half needs a cached type-hierarchy walk
behind
a server `OperationContext` and follows separately. Until it exists a
host
gets the sibling context plus the null fallback, which reports a binding
as
  unresolved rather than mistyping it.
- **Two §5.2.1 obligations that need the address space**: not
duplicating a
  mandatory instance declaration of the resolved type, and rejecting
  disagreement with an instantiated Thing Model.
- **Connectivity §7.3 parent resolution.**

Each is tracked; none is faked here.

## Related Issues

There is no tracking issue: this came out of a
spec-versus-implementation audit
rather than a reported defect, and the driving artifacts are the two
upstream
spec PRs linked above. Happy to open one if maintainers prefer — the
§5.2.1
follow-up in particular is worth an ADR, since the local-context
resolver is a
new injectable provider spanning two assemblies.

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [x] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

### Verification detail

| | net10.0 | net48 |
|---|---|---|
| `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests` | 8573 / 8573 | 8555 / 8555 |
| `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Tests` | 1075 / 1075 | 1075 / 1075 |

Full `UA.slnx` build: **0 errors, 0 warnings** across all target
frameworks,
re-verified after `master` was merged into the branch.

Every new test was mutation-verified: the type-binding tests against
three
mutations (revert to the hardcoded default, drop the ambiguity check,
accept an
empty `href`), the severity tests against reinstating the clamp, and the
ReferenceType additions against removing them from the map. Each
mutation failed
the suite before the change was kept.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 9e6a5abf-3299-4cd1-9855-010fedbf0ad8
2026-08-14 07:55:33 -07:00
Marc Schier a9a3e021ee Fix VirtualFileSystem compiler crashes under memory pressure (#4246)
# Description

Replace `VirtualFileSystem`'s per-file delayed-commit memory mapping
with a
growable managed buffer made of 64 KB chunks. The mapping was private
and
non-shared, but reserved 64 MB on 32-bit processes or 256 MB on 64-bit
processes for every virtual file. Under commit pressure, touching a
lazily
allocated page could raise an uncatchable `AccessViolationException`
inside the
source generator and terminate the compiler.

The new implementation:

- allocates memory in 64 KB chunks as content grows;
- preserves the existing synchronous stream contract and adds direct
span and
  asynchronous stream paths;
- zero-fills sparse gaps and discarded content when files shrink and
regrow;
- supports empty physical files, preserves their last-write timestamps,
and
  prevents read-stream seeks from extending file length;
- seals `VirtualFileSystem`, which was not intended as a supported
subclassing
  API.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4233

## Validation

- `dotnet test tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests.csproj -f
net10.0 --filter "Category=FileSystem"`
- `dotnet test tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests.csproj -f
net48 --filter "Category=FileSystem"`
- `dotnet test
tests\Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core.Tests\Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core.Tests.csproj
-f net10.0`
- Scoped whitespace, style, and analyzer formatting checks for the
changed
  source and test files

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Copilot-Session: 38223d6a-b707-4255-940f-9e67f666590c
2026-08-12 14:33:35 +00:00
Marc Schier 1cca744b5c Retire the last exposed locks: node, browser, server diagnostics and application properties (#4222)
Closes #4201. Closes #4202. Closes #4203. Closes #4215. Closes #4216.

(#4215 and #4216 are @marcschier's originals from the #4188 review;
#4202 and #4201 are my later duplicates of the same two findings. All
four describe the two changes in section 1 and are closed together.)

**This PR now carries what was #4221 as well.** The two were a stack;
they have been unstacked and combined here, and #4221 is closed.
Everything below the "Read the server diagnostics" section is the work
that was previously reviewed as #4221.

---

## 1. The browse path guards itself, and the last node locks are gone

`AsyncCustomNodeManager` kept two `lock (source)` sites around
`CreateBrowser`, carrying a NOTE that browser creation was not
internally synchronized. `NodeBrowser` still handed its lock to derived
types through `protected Lock DataLock`.

`NodeState.CreateBrowser` now holds a browse lock across
`PopulateBrowser` and `OnPopulateBrowser`, so browser construction on a
node is serialized — which is what the external `lock (source)` was
actually providing, and what a handler that mutates the node during
population (the historian's lazy config installer) depends on. Both
`lock (source)` statements and the NOTE are gone.

**What that lock does not do**, stated plainly in the XML docs and in
`docs/NodeManagers.md` rather than over-promised: it is not an atomic
snapshot across the node's children, notifiers and references. Writers
take those collections' own locks, not the browse lock. The browser is a
point-in-time copy and each collection is read consistently, but the
combination is not a transaction.

No `lock` takes a `NodeState` as its sync root any more. That was the
last thing keeping `NodeState` from being documentably self-guarding, so
the other eleven went with it: `lock (activeNode)`, `lock (target)`,
`lock (source.Node)`, `lock (target.Node)`, `lock (notifier)`, `lock
(handle.Node)` in `AsyncCustomNodeManager`, and `lock (node)` in
`CustomNodeManager2`. Most were a check-then-act pair now served by
`NodeState.AddReferenceIfMissing`, which does the check and the insert
under the node's own lock.

`NodeBrowser.DataLock` is removed. A browser is **single-consumer**: it
belongs to whoever created it, and both server browse paths already
serialize on the owning side. The exposed lock only added an
inheritance-level locking contract that a derived browser could not
reason about.

## 2. Read the server diagnostics under the lock every writer takes

`OnUpdateDiagnostics` locked the diagnostics **payload** rather than the
lock every writer takes through `UpdateServerDiagnostics`, so the
snapshot a client reads from the `ServerDiagnostics` node was never
excluded from a concurrent writer.

Both halves matter, and the second is the one that is easy to miss:

```csharp
lock (m_diagnosticsLock)                                        // was: lock (ServerDiagnostics)
{
    value = Variant.FromStructure(ServerDiagnostics, copy: true);  // was: copy defaulted to false
}
```

`copy: true` is what makes it a snapshot. `FromStructure(value, copy:
false)` does `new ExtensionObject(value, copy)` — it wraps the **live**
structure without copying it, so the caller would read the fields long
after the lock was released and see them change underneath. Swapping the
lock alone would have looked like a fix while still excluding nothing.

## 3. Analyzer numbering

The browser rule is **UA0027**, not UA0025. This branch had
independently taken UA0025 for `NodeBrowser.DataLock` while #4188
published UA0025 for `ILocalNode.DataLock` and UA0026 for
`BaseVariableValue.Lock`. Master's are shipped, so they keep the
numbers:

| | UA0025 | UA0026 | UA0027 |
|---|---|---|---|
| master (#4188) | `ILocalNode.DataLock` | `BaseVariableValue.Lock` | —
|
| **this PR** | `ILocalNode.DataLock` | `BaseVariableValue.Lock` |
**`NodeBrowser.DataLock`** |

Both sides had written a different `UA0025Tests.cs`, which arrived as an
add/add conflict. They are now split: `UA0025Tests.cs` holds master's
`ILocalNode` tests, `UA0027Tests.cs` holds the `NodeBrowser` ones.

UA0024's help text also drops its reference to `ReadServerDiagnostics`,
which #4193 removed as unused, and names `ISession.ReadDiagnostics` /
`ISubscription.ReadDiagnostics` instead — those do still exist.


## 4. Two more locks reachable from outside their owner

**`ApplicationConfiguration.PropertiesLock` is removed.** It returned
the properties dictionary itself, so `lock
(configuration.PropertiesLock)` was `lock (configuration.Properties)` —
the lock *was* the data it guarded, the same shape as #4203.

It had exactly one production consumer
(`OAuth2CredentialCollection.Load`, a get-or-add with `ParseExtension`
called inside the lock), so it could not simply be deleted. `Properties`
is now a `ConcurrentDictionary` — same public type, every operation
atomic on its own — and the one multi-operation need gets a member of
its own:

```csharp
public T GetOrAddProperty<T>(string key, Func<T> valueFactory);
```

It deliberately does **not** invoke the factory under a lock, so
`ParseExtension` now runs outside any critical section. Holding a lock
across a caller-supplied callback is exactly the shape that produced the
attribute/diagnostics deadlock earlier in this work.

The two existing tests asserted only `PropertiesLock is not null`, so
they tested nothing but its presence. They are replaced by tests of the
contract: factory runs once for a missing key, not at all for a present
one, 32 concurrent callers all observe the same instance, null arguments
throw.

`PropertiesLock` ships in 1.5.378, so this is a breaking removal —
migration guide section plus analyzer **UA0028**.

**`SharedDefinitionCache` no longer hands out its lock.** Three sites in
`SharedKeyValueSubscriptionStore` took the nested cache's `Lock` to
operate on the cache's own dictionary. Both are private now, behind
`ReplaceAll` and `CloneWhere`.

`SnapshotCommitLock` stays exposed on purpose: it is a `SemaphoreSlim`
sequencing an async commit across `await` points, which
`System.Threading.Lock` cannot span, so folding it in would change
behaviour rather than hide a lock.
## Verification

Merged `master` (`0edfe237a`, including #4234) with no conflicts.

- `dotnet build UA.slnx` — 0 warnings, 0 errors
- `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` — 4074 passed
- `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests` — 8501 passed
- `Opc.Ua.MigrationAnalyzer.Tests` — 151 passed on all five TFMs (138 →
151, the new ones being UA0027 and UA0028)
- `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` — 4249 passed
- `Opc.Ua.Redundancy.Server.Tests` — 573 passed

## Note for the reviewer

@romanett — your approval was given when this PR's diff was the 7
diagnostics files, because it was measured against
`marcschier/node-browse-locks`. Now that the two are combined and the
base is `master`, the diff is 23 files, and the extra 16 are the
node/browser lock work that was #4221. GitHub kept the approval across
the retarget, but it did not cover that code, so please re-review rather
than let it ride.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: e9c13dd0-a6e3-4ad2-8ad6-1c3fe6323041
Copilot-Session: b3c0e146-5b9e-4d08-a0f6-db3f940484b1
Copilot-Session: d18f87e9-2484-44ce-98ce-463ba6cf5f63
Copilot-Session: 0ee22c1d-c319-4257-bf78-a5a077a1824a
2026-08-11 22:14:10 +02:00
Marc Schier 4cbcec6e23 Update NuGet dependencies to latest and version ASP.NET Core per target framework (#4223)
# Description

Refreshes the centrally-managed NuGet dependencies in
`Directory.Packages.props` to their latest stable versions, and changes
how the ASP.NET Core packages are pinned so their version follows the
target framework.

## ASP.NET Core packages are now versioned per TFM

`Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Certificate`,
`Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer`,
`Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing` and `Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost`
ship one band per .NET major, carry no `netstandard2.0` asset, and do
not roll forward across majors — a `net8.0` project simply cannot
consume the `10.0.x` band. A single central pin therefore had to sit on
the oldest supported band and hold *every* consumer there, which is why
these sat at `8.0.28` while `10.0.10` was current.

They are now selected from `$(TargetFramework)`, mirroring the existing
MQTTnet split:

| TFM | Version |
|---|---|
| `net8.0` | `8.0.29` |
| `net9.0` | `9.0.18` |
| everything else | `10.0.10` |

The last group is the fallback rather than an explicit `net10.0` match,
so a TFM the file does not enumerate — a future `net11.0`, or the
`net10.0` shell that legacy `netstandard2.0`/`netstandard2.1`
`$(CustomTestTarget)` builds fall back to — still resolves a version.
Verified against the generated `project.assets.json` that each TFM of
`Opc.Ua.Bindings.Https` really does resolve its own band.

## Version changes

`Crdt`/`Crdt.Transport` and the `RaftCs` family 1.1.2 · `Dekaf` 1.11.2 ·
`JsonSchema.Net` 9.4.0 · `Microsoft.Bcl.TimeProvider`, the
`Microsoft.Extensions.*` set and
`System.Composition.AttributedModel`/`System.Formats.Asn1`/`System.Text.Json`/`System.Threading.Channels`/`System.Threading.RateLimiting`
10.0.10 · `Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Resilience` and
`Microsoft.Extensions.TimeProvider.Testing` 10.8.0 ·
`Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk` 18.8.1 · `Microsoft.SourceLink.*` 10.0.301 ·
`Nerdbank.GitVersioning` 3.10.91 · `Serilog` 4.4.0 ·
`System.CommandLine` 2.0.10 · `Avalonia`/`Avalonia.Desktop` 12.1.1 ·
`MQTTnet`/`MQTTnet.Server` 5.2.0.1603 (modern band only) ·
`Roslynator.*` 4.16.0 · `TUnit` 1.64.6.

The two `System.Collections.Immutable` `VersionOverride`s in the schema
test projects move to 10.0.10 to stay ahead of what `JsonSchema.Net`
requires.

## Removed: the DotNext pin

`DotNext` 5.26.3 was pinned centrally but no project references it. The
`docs/migrate/2.0.x/packages.md` row claiming `src/Opc.Ua.Lds.Server`
consumes it was also wrong — that project references only
`Makaretu.Dns.Multicast` and
`Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Abstractions`. Both are corrected.

## BouncyCastle held at 2.6.2 — CI caught a real regression

The first push of this branch took `BouncyCastle.Cryptography` to 2.7.0.
CI failed `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` on **net48 only**
(`VerifyPEMSupportDirectoryStoreAsync` expecting 3 certificates and
getting 0), and the cause turned out to be a genuine behavioural break
rather than a flaky test.

BouncyCastle is referenced **only on net472/net48**, where it backs
`PEMReader`/`PEMWriter` in `Opc.Ua.Security.Certificates`. 2.7.0
tightened `Asn1.X509.TbsCertificateStructure` to throw:

```
certificate issuer is an empty distinguished name
```

`OpenSsl.PemReader.ReadObject()` therefore aborts on the *first* entry
of a chain whose issuer DN is empty. `ImportPublicKeysFromPEM` has no
per-object recovery, so the entire file is discarded and the store
enumerates nothing.

This is a **runtime** behaviour change, not a test artefact: .NET's own
PEM support on net8.0+ still accepts such a certificate, so taking 2.7.0
would let the same trusted-peer store load fine on net8.0+ and come back
**empty** on .NET Framework. Whether the stack *should* reject these
certificates on every TFM is a fair question, but it is a
security-behaviour decision that does not belong in a dependency refresh
— so the pin is documented in place with that context for a follow-up.

Confirmed by bisecting the package version against the net48 tests
(2.6.2 passes, 2.7.0 fails) and by reading the actual PEM asset with
both versions to capture the exact throw site.

## Deliberately left alone

Every existing pin with a documented reason is preserved, and each was
re-checked rather than assumed:

- **Roslyn compat band** (`roslyn.props`) — `Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.*`
stays on the pinned band and
`System.Collections.Immutable`/`System.Reflection.Metadata` stay on
`$(RoslynRuntimeVersion)`. Raising these is what re-breaks the analyzer
`ImmutableArray<T>` identity the file warns about, and it would raise
the minimum compiler that will load the shipped analyzers.
`Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Analyzers` stays at 4.14.0 for the same reason.
- **`Microsoft.AspNetCore.*` 2.3.11** — last band with a
`netstandard2.0` asset; already latest.
- **`PacketDotNet` / `SharpPcap`** — SDL native-code pins; already
latest stable.
- **`System.Net.Http` 4.3.4 / `System.Text.RegularExpressions` 4.3.1 /
`System.Private.Uri` 4.3.2** — transitive CVE remediation pins; already
latest.
- **`MQTTnet` 4.3.7.1207** for `net472`/`net48`/`netstandard2.1` —
MQTTnet 5.x dropped those TFMs.
- **`BouncyCastle.Cryptography` 2.6.2** — see the section above.
- **`Moq`** — pinned.
- **Prerelease-only upgrades skipped** — `BenchmarkDotNet`
0.16.0-preview, `NUnit` 5.0.0-beta, `NUnit.Console` 4.0.0-beta,
`EmbedIO` 4.0.0-rc1, `Newtonsoft.Json` 13.0.5-beta, `PacketDotNet`
1.4.9-pre, and others.

## Overlap with #4195 — please note

**OpenUSD and ModelContextProtocol are intentionally not touched here.**
#4195 already moves OpenUSD to `0.6.0-alpha` together with the restored
render smoke job and the `OpenUsd.Rendering.Silk.Vulkan` package that
the bump actually depends on, and separately moves MCP to `2.1.0`.
Rev'ing either in this PR would duplicate that work, and would risk
silently downgrading MCP if the two landed in the wrong order. They are
left to #4195.

There is still a small expected overlap in `Directory.Packages.props`:
#4195 also bumps `Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions`,
`Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Abstractions` and `System.Text.Json` to
10.0.10 — the same values as here, so whichever merges second resolves
to an identical line.

## The one code change

Roslynator 4.16 adds **RCS1258**, which flags `TypeAttributes.Public |
TypeAttributes.Class` in `ComplexTypeBuilder`. It is correct:
`TypeAttributes.Class` is `0`, so the flag is a no-op, and the
`DefineEnum` call directly above already passes `TypeAttributes.Public`
alone. Dropping it is a verified semantic no-op (`Public | Class ==
Public`).

## Related Issues

_No tracking issue — routine dependency maintenance, in the same spirit
as the weekly Dependabot NuGet updates configured in
`.github/dependabot.yml`._

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.<br/>_No new tests: this
changes dependency versions, not behaviour. The existing suite is the
proof, and the one code change is a verified no-op._
- [x] I have added all necessary
documentation.<br/>_`docs/migrate/2.0.x/packages.md` — corrected version
rows, removed the wrong `DotNext` row, added a section explaining the
per-TFM ASP.NET Core scheme._
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.<br/>_Full `UA.slnx` build across all six TFMs
(`net472`, `net48`, `netstandard2.1`, `net8.0`, `net9.0`, `net10.0`):
**0 warnings, 0 errors**. `dotnet restore`: 0 warnings. `dotnet pack`: 0
warnings, 0 errors, package validation passes._
- [x] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.<br/>_See
the verification note below._
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

### Update after the first CI run

The initial push failed one CI job — `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` on net48, 2 PEM
tests. That was **not** flakiness: it was a real break from BouncyCastle
2.7.0, root-caused and fixed by holding that package at 2.6.2 (see the
section above). `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` on net48 now runs **4161 passed / 0
failed** locally, and the full six-TFM build is still 0 warnings / 0
errors.

### Review feedback

Both review threads are addressed in `78bdd0ea3`:

- The **package table's third column was stale** in more rows than the
ones flagged. Every entry is now checked against the actual
`PackageReference` items — `System.Threading.Channels` belongs to
`Opc.Ua.Core`/`Core.Diagnostics`/`PubSub.Diagnostics` (not the LDS
server), the `Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.*` rows come from the
generator/analyzer variant targets under `tools/`, and
`Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Analyzers` plus `System.Reflection.Metadata`
have no direct reference at all and are labelled as central pins. The
column is renamed **"Referenced by"**, which is what it actually records
and what makes it verifiable.
- The **BouncyCastle pin now references
[#4224](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/issues/4224)**,
which carries the decision on whether the stack should reject
empty-issuer certificates on every TFM, whether
`ImportPublicKeysFromPEM` should recover per entry, and whether the
expired `Test_chain.pem` asset should be regenerated.

## Verification note on the test run

The full net10.0 run covered ~48,000 tests. 15 failed, and each was
individually shown **not** to be caused by this change:

- **4 in `Opc.Ua.Core.Diagnostics.Tests`** (3×
`ReadChunkDecryptsStackEncryptedSymmetricChunk`,
`PrivateRequestSummaryFormatsKnownRequestKinds`) — reproduced
**identically at `HEAD` with the changes stashed**. Pre-existing.
- **8 across `Client`, `Di`, `WotCon.Samples`, `Server`** — all pass
when their project is run in isolation; they only fail under the
parallelism of a full-solution run. The machine also had ~45 orphaned
test processes holding sockets, which were cleared.
- **3 in `Gds`/`Stress`** — the log shows socket port exhaustion (`Only
one usage of each socket address...`). The `CertRotationLiveTests` pair
passes when run standalone, and that project's net10.0 package closure
contains **none** of the bumped packages (`BouncyCastle` is
`net472`/`net48`-only, so it cannot reach a net10.0 test at all).

The AOT/TUnit suite (`Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests`) was A/B tested: TUnit **1.58**
produced the same intermittent 0–2 failures as 1.64, confirming
pre-existing flakiness rather than a regression. On **1.64.6** it ran
**129/129 twice**.

`net48` was built and exercised via `CustomTestTarget=net48`; the
`MSB3277`/`NU1702` warnings it surfaces in `Opc.Ua.Stress.Tests` are
structural to that mode (the project builds `net8.0` while consuming
`net48` outputs) and pre-date this change — the `net462` asset's
assembly version simply tracks the patch number, so `10.0.0.9` became
`10.0.0.10`.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 2be367ab-e62d-4141-a4df-e5b2ca3cd126
2026-08-10 18:18:27 +00:00
Marc Schier e05a820c91 Removal of the exposed diagnostics and node locks (#4188)
## What this is

Design analysis for `Opc.Ua.Server`, the two rounds of design
exploration behind it, and the first two implementation chunks it
recommends.

Draft: the analyses are ready to read, but the *conclusions* deserve
discussion before the larger phases proceed. Later chunks stack onto
this PR as they land.

| File | Kind | Lines |
|---|---|---:|
| `plans/NodeManagerAnalysis.md` | Evidence — the node-manager plugin
surface | 488 |
| `plans/ServerRuntimeAnalysis.md` | Evidence — the server runtime
cluster | 576 |
| `plans/ServerDesignExploration.md` | Design round 2 — delivery
strategy | 1,394 |
| `plans/ServerDesignExplorationAlt.md` | Design round 1 — four
interface designs | 2,119 |
| `src/Opc.Ua.Types/State/NodeState.cs` | **Code** — node self-guards
attributes | |
| `src/Opc.Ua.Types/State/BaseVariableState.cs` | **Code** — value
accessors take the lock | |
| `src/Opc.Ua.Server/NodeManager/AsyncCustomNodeManager.cs` | **Code** —
6 external locks removed | |
| `tests/…/NodeStateAttributeConcurrencyTests.cs` | **Code** —
concurrency safety net | 449 |

`docs/` is untouched — it holds shipped feature documentation, and none
of this is shipped API.

## The analyses

Counted mechanically over `src`, `samples` and `tests`; **every figure
is reproducible** from commands printed in each document.

**Node manager surface.** `AsyncCustomNodeManager` declares **93
`virtual`/`abstract` members** (80 distinct names). Across the
repository: **112 override sites, 25 distinct names ever overridden, 55
of 80 never**. Six carry nearly all real use. For scale,
`ReferenceNodeManager` is 6,373 lines and overrides **8**.

**Server runtime.** Seven findings, **two of which recommend no
change**. Findings 1–5 are filed as #4183–#4187. The headline is an
`object`-typed sync root published on three public interfaces and taken
in **88 `lock` statements across 7 files**, including a shipped sample.

**What is deliberately not flagged.** `IStandardServer` — 9 members over
5,575 lines, 16 of 37 virtuals used — is identified as the reference
shape to preserve. `IApplicationInstance` and the already-`[Obsolete]`
`Stop()` are examined and left alone.

## The design exploration

**Round 1** explored four alternative interfaces in parallel under the
current back-compat constraint. Its value is the convergence: four
designers who never saw each other's work independently arrived at a 6–9
member `IServerContext` replacing the 57-member locator, removal of the
`object` node-manager handle, elimination of the `Processed` protocol,
and `IHistorianProvider` as the pattern to copy.

**Round 2** re-runs it with back-compat lifted and asks how to deliver:
full rewrite versus side-by-side fork. **Both option designers
independently declined to recommend their own assignment.** Three
structural facts were verified:

1. **The fork line already sits at `IAsyncNodeManager`** — old and new
node managers can coexist with zero runtime changes, so a fork
duplicates ~10% of the assembly, not all of it.
2. **`[OpcUaShim]` cannot shim an inheritance surface** — honest
auto-fix ceiling for the authoring surface is **~10%**, against ~70% for
the shipped analyzers.
3. **A second lock leak exists** — `NodeState` takes `lock (this)` under
a `CA2002` suppression whose own comment documents the contract.

Recommendation: **neither pure option**, but a staged path reaching the
rewrite end state incrementally, gated on migrating the five
framework-internal node managers that today make it impossible for the
old base to ever freeze.

## Implementation: NodeState now guards its own attributes

This removes the prose-only contract in which `NodeState` took
`lock(this)` and every external caller was required to take
`lock(source)` on the node instance. The code already carried a TODO
describing exactly this fix and noting it required updating every
external site.

- The node self-guards rather than relying on callers.
`BaseVariableState` gains a **fully private** `System.Threading.Lock`
covering its value fields; `NodeState`'s other collections keep their
existing private locks.
- All **6** `lock(this)` sites and both `CA2002`/`RCS1059` suppressions
are gone.
- `Value`, `Timestamp` and `StatusCode` on `BaseVariableState` take the
lock too — without that, a direct property write raced an attribute read
once the external lock was gone.
- **6 of 9** external sites removed. Five were already redundant
(`GetReferences`, `GetChildren`, `ReferenceExists` and
`SetAreEventsMonitored` guard themselves; `FindMethod` reaches its state
via `GetChildren`); the sixth was an attribute read now covered by the
node's own lock.
- Attribute read/write deliberately take **no** node-wide lock: both
dispatch to caller-supplied handlers (`OnReadValue` and siblings) that
may take locks of their own, and holding a lock on the node across one
gives the node no fixed place in the lock order.
- **3 deliberately retained and annotated in code**: two `CreateBrowser`
calls, which are not internally synchronized (tracked in #4216), and one
in `CustomNodeManager`, whose class is slated for deletion so
refactoring its lock would be wasted work.

### No lock is exposed anywhere, to anyone

An earlier revision put the attribute lock on `NodeState` as `private
protected`, which still published a lock-sharing contract on the
inheritance surface. Review pushed back and it is gone:
`BaseVariableState` was the only user, so the lock moved there as a
plain `private readonly Lock`. There is no member for a derived type to
call, in this assembly or any other.

`BaseVariableValue` was the last public leak — it handed out the lock
guarding its value through a `public Lock` property, so any caller could
hold it across a call back into the stack. That property is removed:

- Derived value classes (what the source generator emits for every
structure variable) synchronize through a `protected EnterLock()` /
`ExitLock()` pair. Callback helpers were the first choice, but the
generated bodies pass `ref Variant` / `ref StatusCode` / `ref
DateTimeUtc`, and `ref` arguments cannot be captured by a lambda. The
lock *object* stays private either way.
- `NodeStateTemplates` emits the new form.
- `ServerInternalData`, the one cross-assembly caller, was reading the
lock back off a value it had itself constructed with that lock. It now
takes `m_diagnosticsLock` directly.

`NodeBrowser.DataLock` remains `protected` and is tracked in #4215: a
subclass extending `Next()` legitimately needs its enumeration state
atomic with the base browser's, so the fix needs a base-owned
acquisition rather than a deletion.

### Migration coverage for the removed lock members

None of the removed lock members get an `[Obsolete]` shim, and the
migration guide now says why: a shim would have to be `object`-typed to
keep old call sites compiling, and on .NET 9+ `lock (o)` on a
statically-`object` reference is `Monitor.Enter`, which does **not**
interlock with `Lock.Enter()`. It would compile, run, and silently
synchronize nothing — strictly worse than a compile error. Re-adding a
member to a downstream-implemented interface is also a break in its own
right on `net48` / `netstandard2.0`, where there are no default
interface methods.

Instead, every removed member has a named replacement on the migration
path:

| Rule | Covers | Replacement it names |
|---|---|---|
| `UA0024` | `IServerInternal` / `ISession` / `ISubscription`
`DiagnosticsLock`, `DiagnosticsWriteLock` |
`UpdateServerDiagnostics(...)` / `UpdateDiagnostics(...)`,
`ReadServerDiagnostics` / `ReadDiagnostics` |
| `UA0025` | `ILocalNode.DataLock`, `Node.DataLock` | a lock the caller
owns; the node guards its own state |
| `UA0026` | `BaseVariableValue.Lock` | a lock passed to the
`BaseVariableValue` constructor |

Each rule fires on sources still written against 1.5.378, where the
compiler only says a member is missing. `docs/MigrationGuide.md` gains a
section per removal with before/after.

### The tests earned their keep

The four concurrency tests were landed **first**, against the unmodified
code, because removing a synchronization contract cannot be verified by
the compiler and the existing `NodeStateHandlerConcurrencyTests` covers
a different concern (racing a handler assignment against a write, not
reader/writer exclusion). They now run with **no external locking**,
which is what demonstrates the node guards itself.

They caught two real problems, and one of them was mine:

- The `Value`/`StatusCode`/`Timestamp` setters bypassed the new lock — a
genuine race.
- One test asserted an invariant the design does not offer. Two property
setters are two lock acquisitions, so that pair was **never** atomic; it
only passed originally because the test held a lock across both. It now
uses a single attribute write carrying a whole `DataValue`, which
genuinely is atomic and is the path the server uses.

A third issue was found and fixed before it shipped: the reader loops
gated on `!writer.IsCompleted`, so a reader scheduled after the writer
finished performed zero reads — failing two runs in three on `net48`.
Converted to `do…while`; now five consecutive green runs.

**Verified:** `Stack.State` 116 passed on `net10.0` *and* `net48`; the
concurrency category green 5/5 consecutive on `net48`;
`Opc.Ua.Types.Tests` 8,456 passed; the server node-manager suite 1,205
passed, including `NodeManagerLifecycleTests` and
`AsyncCustomNodeManagerTests` which exercise the changed paths.

## Two corrections to my own published figures

Both were found while starting implementation, and both are recorded on
#4183.

**`ForceDiagnosticsScan()` was overstated.** The analysis claimed the
`DiagnosticsWriteLock` getter *"triggers a full address-space
diagnostics rescan"*. It is in fact a single flag assignment
(`DiagnosticsNodeManager.cs:700-703`) consumed by the read paths and the
periodic timer. The defect stands — a side-effecting property getter
with a racy write on a synchronisation path — but its cost was
misstated.

**The contract was 15 sites, not 19.** A naive search matched ten
comment and `#pragma` lines that *mention* `lock(source)` while
explaining it. The documents now carry a counting command that excludes
comment matches.

A third finding expanded scope the other way: the `object`-typed lock
leak is **repo-wide**, with ten such members across `Opc.Ua.Core`,
`Opc.Ua.Types` and `Opc.Ua.Server` — including `Node.DataLock => this`
and `ApplicationConfiguration.PropertiesLock => m_properties`, the same
defect class as `Subscription.DiagnosticsLock`.

## Caveats stated in the documents

- **Nothing in the designs is implemented or benchmarked.** Every
performance claim across all seven designs is a design intention, not a
measurement.
- The larger phases are a **major undertaking against a live plugin
API**; the documents say so rather than letting the neatness of the
proposals imply otherwise.
- The recommended sequencing puts low-risk, self-contained steps first
and notes they are **worth doing regardless** of which strategy is
eventually chosen.
- Round 2 notes the two option designers' cost estimates are **not
independent of their assignments**.

## Review guidance

The two analyses make factual claims checkable by running the included
commands. The design explorations are exploratory and need not be agreed
with to merge. The code change is small, test-backed, and independent of
which delivery strategy is eventually chosen.

Reasonable outcomes include merging as-is, merging only the analyses and
the lock fix, or disagreeing with the recommendation while keeping the
evidence.

---

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: e9c13dd0-a6e3-4ad2-8ad6-1c3fe6323041
Copilot-Session: d18f87e9-2484-44ce-98ce-463ba6cf5f63
2026-08-10 06:47:50 +02:00
Marc Schier fb80bfdc82 [WotCon] Track WoT Connectivity/Binding 1.1 and add projections (Section 12) (#4182)
Follow-up to #4128, which merged the WoT Connectivity 1.1 work against
**draft2** of the companion specifications. Both drafts have moved
since, and this branch tracks them through to **draft3**, adds the
projection feature they introduced, and closes the gaps a bidirectional
re-audit found.

The specifications are the private
[`OPCF-Members/spec-drafts`](https://github.com/OPCF-Members/spec-drafts)
drafts of *OPC UA — WoT Connectivity 1.1* and *OPC UA — WoT Binding
1.1*. They are still drafts, which is why this is opened as a draft PR —
see [Status](#status) at the bottom.

## What changed in the specifications

Two revisions landed upstream while #4128 was in flight.

**draft2** replaced the `eventGroup` / `actionGroup` grouping constructs
with a single **projection / view** concept, added fifteen Section 6
vocabulary terms, and made two identifier rules normative. **draft3**
([spec PR #8](https://github.com/OPCF-Members/spec-drafts/pull/8))
un-deprecated the incorporated OPC 10100-1 v1.02 surface, restructured
the conformance clause into three profiles, and tightened two security
obligations.

The draft3 NodeSet is **structurally identical** to draft2 — I diffed
all 286 nodes node-by-node. Every change is metadata: 96
`ReleaseStatus="Deprecated"` attributes removed, `PublicationDate`
advanced, and `WOTC-ProjectionMaterialization` claimed by three Type
Nodes that previously implemented it in name only.

## Projections (WoT Binding Section 12)

The substantial addition. A projection document selects affordances from
other Thing Descriptions or Thing Models and resolves to a document of
its own; materialized, it becomes an OPC UA `View` that **creates no
affordance Node** and only `Organizes` what its sources already
materialized.

| Piece | Where |
|---|---|
| Document model and validation | `Opc.Ua.Types/Wot/WotProjection.cs`,
`WotProjectionModel.cs` |
| Four-stage resolution engine |
`Opc.Ua.Types/Wot/WotProjectionResolver.cs` |
| Materialization plan |
`Opc.Ua.WotCon.Server/Materialization/WotViewProjectionPlan.cs`,
`WotProjectionViewBuilder.cs` |
| Live address-space host | `WotProjectionViewNodeManager.cs`,
`LifecycleWotViewProjectionHost.cs`, `IWotViewProjectionHost.cs` |
| Node lookup seam | `IWotMaterializedNodeIndex.cs` |

Groups reached by `ua:Organizes` become organizational Objects rather
than nested Views, only the outermost materialization is a `View`, and a
member whose source is served by another server is omitted and reported
rather than recreated — the federation case the clause calls out.

### How this is validated

The specification publishes twenty worked examples, two of which are a
**golden pair**: a projection document and the resolved view it is
defined to produce. `WotSpecExampleTests` embeds all twenty and runs the
pair through the resolver, asserting against *the specification's own
expected output* rather than against my reading of the prose. That
single document exercises all three selection forms, the bulk naming
rule, the security closure naming and the provenance term.

This is the strongest evidence in the PR, and it is worth more than the
unit tests around it: it is the same check the upstream
`validate_local.py` performs.

## Other spec work

- **Section 6 vocabulary** — fifteen missing model and platform terms
with their validation rules (`WotNodeSetConverter.ModelVocabulary.cs`).
- **Portable identifiers** — the two rules release 1.1 made normative,
with `WotNodeSetConverterOptions.AllowNonPortableIdentifiers` as a
documented downgrade-to-warning switch for documents authored against
v1.00. Defaults to `false`.
- **xRegistry §6.9 identifier construction** (`XRegistryIdentifier.cs`)
— reverse-authority symbolic identifiers; all seven published worked
examples are test cases.

## Gaps found by re-auditing against draft3

I audited in both directions — every normative requirement to code, and
every `uav:` term in code back to a spec that defines it. Three
findings, all fixed:

1. **`Wot-Con 1.02` accepted anything well-formed.** draft3 makes format
validation part of the unit, because *WoT-Con Minimal* is one unit wide
and materialization projects a *valid* document. The 1.02 upload path
only deserialized into the `ThingDescription` POCO, which happily
accepts JSON that is not a WoT document at all — every member of that
type is optional, so `{}` deserialized and was materialized. It now
parses via `WotDocument.Parse` and requires the document to identify
itself by a non-empty `name` or `title`, returning `Bad_DecodingError`
and materializing nothing otherwise. The rule lives in
`ThingDescriptionFormatValidator` and is shared with
`CreateAssetForEndpoint`, whose auto-generated Thing Descriptions §11
also treats as untrusted input.
2. **Two `WoTFile` operations were ungated.** draft3 §11 names `Write`
and `CloseAndUpdate` alongside the five management methods; both reached
the materializer without an access check. `EnforceManagementAccess` is
now wired into `WotAssetFileManager`.
3. **Two invented `uav:` terms.** `uav:NodeSet2Preservation` was
declared and never used — removed. `uav:eventFields` is read by
`OpcUaBindingPlanner` and defined in *neither* spec, while a comment
claimed it came from OPC 10101. It still works for compatibility but is
now documented as a non-standard extension at both sites rather than
misattributed.

The SSRF prohibition is satisfied by construction: there is no HTTP
client anywhere in these assemblies, and all resolution goes through the
injected `IWotThingResolver`.

## Two ambiguities fixed in the specifications themselves

The audit turned up two places where a conforming implementer had to
invent an answer. Rather than pick silently, I took both upstream — they
are pushed to [spec-drafts PR
#8](https://github.com/OPCF-Members/spec-drafts/pull/8) (all checks
green) and are now normative in *Binding* §12.6 and *Connectivity*
§7.13:

- **`ViewVersion`** had one sentence saying only *that* it changes. It
now changes iff the resolved membership changes, is updated at commit
time alongside the `NodeVersion` stamping, and is a deterministic
function of the membership alone in a canonical order — so two servers
that resolved the same membership agree, which a per-server counter
would not across a redundant pair. Explicitly **not monotonic**: compare
for inequality only.
- **"Type-level view"** was used once in §12.2 and defined nowhere,
while every other statement of materialization was universal. §12.6 now
*defines* it rather than contradicting §12.2: the NodeClass is `View` in
both cases.

Both were already what this code did, so neither changed behaviour — but
the order-insensitivity the clause added was **not** covered by any
test, and `ViewVersionIsUnchangedWhenOnlyTheOrderOfTheMembershipChanges`
now holds it. It is mutation-verified: removing the ordinal sort turns
it red.

`docs/WotBindings.md` no longer lists these as points "the specification
leaves open".

## Validation

| Suite | Result |
|---|---|
| `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests` | 8525 ✅ (8518 on net48) |
| `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Tests` | 1057 ✅ (net10.0 and net48) |
| `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Bindings.Tests` | 559 ✅ |
| `Opc.Ua.XRegistry.Tests` | 196 ✅ |
| `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` | 4027 ✅ |
| `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core.Tests` | 3771 ✅ |
| `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Samples.Tests` | 9 ✅ |

The full `UA.slnx` builds with **0 errors and 0 warnings attributable to
this PR** on all 6 TFMs (`TreatWarningsAsErrors` is on).
`Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` and the source-generation suites are listed
because this PR now also touches `MasterNodeManager` and the WoT-Con
NodeSet.

## Compatibility

No public API is removed or broken. Everything added is new surface
using `ArrayOf<T>` / `ByteString` per the repo conventions, wired for DI
with a direct-construction fallback, and the one behavioural tightening
(`Wot-Con 1.02` format validation) rejects input that was never valid to
begin with.

One pre-existing issue is **not** addressed here because it came in with
#4128 and is out of scope: `WotAssetFileManager.OnCloseAndUpdate` uses
`.GetAwaiter().GetResult()`, which the repo rules ban. Worth a
follow-up.

## Landed since this PR was opened

- **DI upgraded to 1.05.0.** `ConnectsTo` was declared a subtype of
`HierarchicalReferences`, contradicting OPC 10000-100 §5.5 Table 48.
That is an upstream error in every official DI NodeSet up to 1.04,
corrected by the OPC Foundation in 1.05.0, so the fixture is replaced
with the verbatim 1.05.0 file rather than hand-patched. A guard test
pins the corrected form. This also closed a second gap: six DI types the
WoT model was missing are 1.05 additions.
- **The sample Pump has the type definition OPC 40223 declares for it.**
`Pump1.Identification` carried DI's `FunctionalGroupType` instead of
`PumpIdentificationType`. Every test, the sample documents and the
README agreed with each other about it, which is why it survived.
- **`WotPumpAddressSpaceComparisonTests`** compares this server against
`PumpDeviceIntegrationServer`, which builds the same OPC 40223 Pump from
generated NodeSets and hand-written wiring. An independent oracle rather
than a restatement of the same assumptions - it is what found the defect
above.
- **Error containment in `MaterializeProjectionViewsAsync`.** An
exception mid-loop discarded the applied View handles before they were
published, leaving View Nodes in the address space that nothing could
remove.
- **`HasWoTProjection`** is now created; it was documented and plumbed
but never wired.
- **The default in-memory View host** no longer deletes the View it has
just applied.
- **An undeclared NodeSet alias now says so.** It previously surfaced as
`IdentifierMissing`, naming neither the value nor the fact that an alias
was expected.
- **`ViewVersion` follows the algorithm the specification now states.**
My earlier spec text was rejected on review, correctly: it named neither
the function nor the canonical order it demanded, ignored that OPC
10000-3 §5.4 requires a value greater than zero, and its "when, and only
when" is unsatisfiable for a 32-bit value. §12.6 now specifies the
algorithm outright and this implementation follows it exactly, pinned by
an independently computed test vector. Implementing it surfaced a
further defect in the clause - joining members on U+000A is not
injective, because a NodeId string identifier may itself contain U+000A
- which is fixed in the specification by length-prefixing each member.
- **An auto-generated Thing Description is treated as untrusted input.**
§11 requires it; `CreateAssetForEndpoint` validated the endpoint but
handed whatever the discovery provider returned straight to the
materializer. The `Wot-Con 1.02` format rule now gates both paths from
one place.
- **Document bytes moved out of the registry snapshot** into a
content-addressed store, so a commit no longer rewrites the whole corpus
to edit one document. Writes stage and are promoted during the commit,
which preserves both durability-first ordering and the fail-closed rule
that a blob directory without a manifest means operator recovery.
Restoring streaming digest verification along the way closed a real gap:
content integrity had degenerated to a length comparison.
- **External references now reach a NodeManager registered later.** A
reference to a Node that does not exist yet is dropped rather than
queued, and the dynamic-registration path had no second phase to apply
them in, so registering a NodeSet before the one it points into lost the
forward edge permanently. Review of that change then found a state leak
in its rollback path, fixed with a red-to-green regression test.
- **`WOTC-Legacy` is renamed `Wot-Con 1.02`** in the specification and
here. Editorial: the NodeSet diff is `<Category>` values only.

## Status

Open for review. Two things may still move:

1. **The specifications are unpublished drafts.** Anything here can
change if the working group decides differently. The `ViewVersion`
definition has since been settled - §12.6 specifies the algorithm and
this follows it - but the same could happen to any other clause tracked
here.
2. **`uav:eventFields`** is kept as a documented non-standard extension.
That is a judgement call the WG may want to reverse, either by adopting
the term or removing it.

Two known items are recorded rather than fixed:

- `Pump1` has no hierarchical parent, so it is reachable by NodeId but
not by browsing down from `Objects`. The cross-NodeSet ordering defect
this was originally attributed to is fixed above, and cross-manager
references are now symmetric in both registration orders. The Pump
itself is still blocked on a different cause found while verifying that
fix: with the reference added, `DeviceSet` exists but the Pump has
**zero** inverse references, so the edge is dropped at *import* - before
any external-reference machinery runs. That is a separate defect in the
materialization path, not the one that was fixed, and it is left
recorded rather than guessed at.
- `WotAssetFileManager.OnCloseAndUpdate` uses
`.GetAwaiter().GetResult()`, which the repo rules ban. Pre-existing from
#4128 and out of scope here.

Review of the projection resolver and the materialization host is the
most valuable thing to look at; the vocabulary and identifier commits
are mechanical by comparison.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Copilot-Session: 9e6a5abf-3299-4cd1-9855-010fedbf0ad8
2026-08-08 09:08:23 +02:00