5 Commits
Author SHA1 Message Date
Marc Schier 2836da7ec8 Fix sessionless ResultTransfer ownership bypass and other issues. (#4834)
# Description

Correct ownership, endpoint validation, policy propagation, subscription
delivery, file handling and generated-model behavior across the stack,
tools and samples. Add focused regression tests and update the
corresponding guides and sample documentation.

### Previously included corrections

- Require an active, matching session to generate or access transient
ResultTransfer file handles. Cover both sessionless generation and reads
against a handle owned by an active session, using live session owners
in the Machinery tests.
- Keep physical filesystem operations within their configured mount and
apply the same confinement checks throughout file operations.
- Validate LDS semaphore paths consistently during server registration
and registration-store maintenance.

### Individual issues addressed

| # | Component | Issue and correction |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | AI jobs and transfers | Jobs and transfers did not consistently
retain their creator's identity and session. Apply ownership checks to
descendants, file handles, subscriptions and execution, and recheck
deployment permissions before dispatch. |
| 2 | Password-management client | Password-bearing calls could use
signing-only channels or follow a replacement connection. Capture an
encrypted transport generation and keep dispatch bound to it; preserve
ordinary non-password edits. |
| 3 | GDS and certificate-push clients | Connections omitted hostname
verification. Validate the original configured DNS name or IP address
before session activation. |
| 4 | Certificate push | Private-key uploads could use signing-only
calls. Require an encrypted, generation-bound dispatch while preserving
certificate-only updates and restoring the caller's identity afterward.
|
| 5 | MQTT client | The .NET Framework custom-trust callback could
discard TLS hostname, certificate-availability and usage errors. Retain
those checks while supporting configured issuer trust. |
| 6 | DTLS handshake | Certificate trust was not tied to the configured
peer address. Match the certificate's DNS or IP identity to the intended
endpoint. |
| 7 | Replicated address spaces | Serialized nodes lost per-node and
descendant permission metadata. Preserve role permissions, user-role
permissions and access restrictions, including updates to existing
replica nodes. |
| 8 | MCP PubSub imports | Imports without groups skipped checks on the
effective broker destination. Check the actual endpoint before resolving
credentials or activating the connection. |
| 9 | Reference-server accounts | A disabled username account could
authenticate again with its previous roles. Reject disabled accounts
during fresh authentication. |
| 10 | Console reference client | The sample disabled hostname checks
when connecting to an otherwise trusted peer. Retain the original
requested host and validate it before activation. |
| 11 | Capture replay and export | Replay and raw export could accept
non-capture files or include key material. Require complete PCAP/PCAPNG
containers and exclude key sidecars and decryption-secret blocks. |
| 12 | PubSub adapter fallback | The fallback client configuration
automatically accepted peer certificates. Apply normal trust and
hostname validation before activation or reads. |
| 13 | Kafka transport | Explicit TLS enablement was checked but did not
reach both final Confluent configurations. Use the same effective
protocol for validation, producers and consumers. |
| 14 | PubSub actions | Configuration rebuilds could widen a
connection-local action handler's scope. Preserve its original
connection association and reject mismatched dispatch. |
| 15 | PubSub readers | Reader-level message-protection settings were
accepted but ignored. Apply the effective group and reader settings
before accepting and publishing received values. |
| 16 | PubSub key groups | Different `SecurityGroupId` values could
share one connection-wide key context. Reject mixed groups on a
connection and require separate connections for distinct groups. |
| 17 | MCP session registrations | Session-name replacement or reuse
could retain another registration's credential bindings. Bind access to
the registration, caller and authenticated endpoint, and preserve that
identity when borrowing sessions. |
| 18 | Viewer HTTP host | Requests reached the viewer's OPC UA session
without consistent Host, Origin and port checks. Validate the request
destination and browser origin before using the session, while retaining
supported local MCP clients. |
| 19 | Vision file operations | File operations did not consistently
apply protected-file checks, and remote handles lacked caller and
connection context. Apply the shared checks and use host-side opaque
handles bound to caller, target and generation. |
| 20 | DTLS record integrity | The integrity-only MAC used a truncated
sequence number. Authenticate the full reconstructed sequence number and
epoch so records remain distinct across rollover. |
| 21 | AMB client sample | Connection setup omitted hostname validation.
Preserve the originally requested host and verify the peer identity
before activation. |
| 22 | Robot sample writes | The R2 `SpeedOverride` callback could
target R1 state. Bind each callback to its own robot and apply that
robot's write policy. |
| 23 | AI result properties | Optional result children inherited
remotely writable defaults. Preserve their declaration restrictions and
keep server-produced results read-only. |
| 24 | WSS peer-trust updates | Existing channels did not consistently
respond to peer-trust changes. Revalidate complete chains for forward
and reverse WSS channels and close only those that no longer validate. |
| 25 | GDS revocation checks | Caller-provided certificates could cause
issuer retrieval from embedded URLs. Resolve validation from configured
local trust, issuers and CRLs without fetching caller-provided
locations. |
| 26 | GMS observations | Published correction observations retained
writable model defaults. Reject remote writes while preserving
publisher-side updates. |
| 27 | Production-dataset monitoring | Subscription admission and
delivery could use the reporter's context instead of each subscriber's
permissions. Evaluate the subscriber at admission and on every delivery,
including cancellation and disposal paths. |
| 28 | WoT MQTT destinations | Hostless MQTT forms could imply a
localhost destination before loopback checks. Reject them before
credential lookup or connection attempts and validate the effective
endpoint. |
| 29 | XRegistry opaque reads | Content-ID reads and notifications did
not consistently honor encrypted-read requirements or the currently
accepted transport. Recheck the bound endpoint and reject transport
downgrades before rebinding, including when protected values are already
queued. |
| 30 | PubSub capture dissection | Key loading did not consistently
check the configured capture-root boundary. Check each actual key path
immediately before opening it. |
| 31 | PubSub publication queues | Imported WriterGroup queues were not
fully checked against publish-topic grants. Check the destination
actually used by each group. |
| 32 | MCP PubSub mutations | A caller-supplied mode could select
subscribe grants for an operation that publishes. Derive the required
direction and parent context from the actual mutation. |
| 33 | Generated write masks | Model import and generation could widen
an explicit `UserWriteMask`. Preserve it through import, copy, merge,
inheritance and dependency metadata. |
| 34 | Generated method flags | An explicit `UserExecutable=false` could
be lost. Preserve its specified state and resulting method behavior
through the same model paths. |
| 35 | Generated role identifiers | Unresolved role identifiers could
cause permission entries to be omitted. Preserve namespace-qualified
role IDs and report a diagnostic when a policy cannot be represented. |
| 36 | Aggregation-server defaults | The `localhost` default did not
reliably constrain listener binding. Use numeric loopback for the
default endpoint and command-line fallback. |
| 37 | Certificate-validation cache | Cached results could skip current
leaf or issuer validity checks. Recheck validity windows on cache hits
and keep hostname validation independent of cached chain trust. |
| 38 | Software-update folders | Revision names and marker contents
containing dot segments could select paths outside the software root.
Normalize and check every derived path against that root. |
| 39 | USDA arrays | Array elements were not encoded for their string or
asset context. Escape them as data and preserve valid composition and
round-trip behavior. |
| 40 | Adapter hot reload | A changed dataset definition with the same
name could keep old fields, subscriptions or cached values active.
Compare complete immutable definitions and retire old state before
replacement. |
| 41 | Adapter index ranges | Subscription publication could ignore
`IndexRange` and return the complete value. Preserve the requested
projection and its status and timestamps; reject unsupported range
providers. |
| 42 | PubSub metadata and targets | Metadata from one connection could
change another connection's target mapping. Scope metadata to its
connection and provenance, and resolve targets using actual typed field
IDs rather than field names or unintended positional fallback. |
| 43 | Scales product locks | Product locks were not applied across
every remote mutation path. Apply them consistently to value writes,
filling calculations and related recipe/controller operations while
retaining permitted updates. |
| 44 | Event permission caching | Cached event decisions could outlive
identity, role or node-policy changes. Revalidate the current
subscriber, event type and source permissions instead of reusing a stale
decision. |
| 45 | WoT Modbus destinations | Hostless Modbus forms could imply
localhost before loopback checks. Reject them before connecting and
validate the effective endpoint. |
| 46 | MCP local PKI tools | Peer-trust mutations did not consistently
require the caller's `CertificateAdministration` grant. Check the
capability before trust and untrust operations. |
| 47 | Robot-control HTTP bridge | The bridge lacked consistent Host,
Origin and port validation and caller-specific session grants. Apply
those checks before borrowing the OPC UA session and retain supported
local clients. |
| 48 | Subscription transfers | Transferred subscriptions could retain
cached notifications after the destination's permissions changed.
Require authorization continuity between source and destination
identities and roles, invalidate stale retransmission data when
continuity fails, and preserve retransmission behavior for compatible
transfers. |

### Compatibility notes

- Replication uses the versioned NSRP v1 policy envelope. Upgrade peers
together and re-encode or reseed legacy topology from the authoritative
model; missing permission metadata is not inferred from old records.
- Integrity-only DTLS peers must be upgraded together for the full
sequence/epoch MAC. AEAD behavior is unchanged.
- Distinct PubSub key groups require separate connections.
- Custom sessions that cannot capture the actual encrypted transport,
and subscription providers that cannot honor a requested range, are
rejected rather than silently changing the requested behavior.
- Subscription transfers retain retransmission data only when the
destination authorization remains compatible with the source snapshot;
otherwise the old sequence numbers and cached data are invalidated.

## Related Issues

No separate tracking issue is linked. The individual corrections are
listed above.

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.
2026-10-21 05:37:29 +02:00
romanettandClaude Opus 5.5 6cfb8cf196 Server: remove per-request context copies and lock hot spots from the request path (−16 % allocation per Read) (#4767)
## Description

Five small changes to the per-request server path, found in the CPU and
allocation profiles of the o6 read benchmark (`AsyncCustomNodeManager`,
Server GC, 10 clients × 100 Reads in flight) on master 3a31473cf. Each
change is its own commit and can be reviewed and reverted on its own.
The channel gate (about 40 % of waits) is not touched; that is A1.

### Results

Paired A/B runs against master (0e40e1229), alternating builds per
round, 5 rounds, medians (min..max). The machine is shared with other
sessions: allocated bytes per request are deterministic; CPU per request
is best read from the runs pinned to 4 cores.

| Scenario | master | this PR | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| o6read 10 × 100, server pinned to 4 cores: CPU / request | 39.1 µs
(35.9..39.8) | 36.9 µs (35.5..37.6) | **−5.6 %** |
| same: allocated / request | 6,198 B | 5,224 B | **−15.7 %** |
| same: req/s | 98.7k (95.4..108.5k) | 104.6k (97.6..105.9k) | +5.9 % |
| o6read 10 × 100, 24 cores: req/s | 183.7k (173.3..198.0k) | 189.8k
(178.9..197.5k) | +3.4 % |
| same: allocated / request | 6,500 B | 5,578 B | −14.2 % |
| o6read 10 × 100 Basic256Sha256, 24 cores: req/s | 159.8k
(149.4..178.7k) | 164.2k (156.7..165.3k) | +2.7 % |
| same: allocated / request | 6,590 B | 5,694 B | −13.6 % |
| `read --nodes 1`, 20 sessions: req/s | 155.3k (141.6..157.6k) | 163.8k
(163.4..166.5k) | +5.5 % |
| same: allocated / request | 5,548 B | 4,689 B | −15.5 % |
| `read --nodes 100`: allocated / request | 74.4 KB | 70.1 KB | −5.8 % |
| `browse`: allocated / request | 39.8 KB | 35.0 KB | −12.2 % |
| `browse`: lock contentions / 1000 requests | 474 | 367 | −23 % |

At 24 cores CPU per request stays within noise, because the time these
changes free now waits at the channel gate (see below).

Per item, pinned to 4 cores (5 rounds; CPU deltas of one item are within
run-to-run noise, allocation deltas are not):

| Item | CPU / request | Allocated / request |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 system context | +1.8 % | −1.7 % |
| Q2 request table | −4.3 % | −1.4 % |
| Q3 request timeouts | −2.8 % | −2.2 % |
| Q4 namespace metadata | −3.5 % | ±0 |
| Q5 read-path allocations | −2.4 % | −10.9 % |

Sampled thread time at 24 cores (cpu trace, first `Opc.Ua` frame above
the wait or copy):

| Frame | master | this PR |
|---|---|---|
| `ServerSystemContext.Copy` (incl. `MemberwiseClone`) | 12.4 % | 0.1 %
|
| `RequestManager` (`ConcurrentDictionary` inside
`EnterValidationScope`, scope `Dispose`, `RequestReceived`,
`CompleteRequest`) | 7.1 % | 0 |
| `RequestLifetime` (CTS registration spin,
ctor/`RegisterExternal`/`DisposeResources`) | 4.8 % | 0.2 % |
| `NamespaceMetadataRegistry.GetAsync` lock | 4.0 % | 0 |
| `RuntimeHelpers.InitializeArray` (`ReadValidationAttributes`) | 2.2 %
| 0 |
| Channel gate (`ChannelGate+AwaitEntryAsync`, inclusive) | 31 % | 46 %
|

## Changes

**Q1: one system context copy per request and node manager.**
`AsyncCustomNodeManager`'s service methods (Read, Write, Browse,
TranslateBrowsePaths, Call, HistoryRead/Update, monitored item and event
services) use the per-request copy from
`OperationContext.GetSystemContext` instead of copying the node
manager's context again. The per-request cache keeps the first node
manager's copy without an extra object and up to eight more, so a
request that touches several node managers no longer evicts the other
one's copy. `ServerSystemContext` copies itself with a copy constructor
instead of `MemberwiseClone` (which allocates through a runtime call)
unless it is a derived type; `SessionSystemContext` gains a protected
copy constructor. Copies per Read went from about three to one.

**Q2: lock-free request registration in `RequestManager`.** #4742 took
the server-wide lock off the request path, but the two
`ConcurrentDictionary`s for executing requests and open validation
scopes stayed the main waiting point after the channel gate (four writes
per request from every worker). `RequestTable<T>` places an entry with a
compare-and-swap into a free slot near a scrambled hash of its key, and
the entry remembers its slot so completion is one more compare-and-swap;
only when every probed slot is taken does an entry go to an overflow set
under a lock. Drains, Cancel, Session close, the timeout sweep and
`Dispose` read the slots one after the other, which keeps the existing
ordering arguments (registration fence vs. Session/Cancel marks, drain
count published before the snapshot). Sharding the dictionaries over
per-processor locks was tried first and only moved about 5 % of waits
into the shard locks.

**Q3: no timer or shared-token registrations per request.**
`RequestLifetime`'s timeout constructor, used by the endpoint for every
request, no longer creates a `Timer` and no longer registers with the
server's request-queue token and the transport token, which every worker
registered with and so contended on. The deadline and the two tokens are
watched by `RequestDeadlineMonitor`: one sweep every 20 ms over
intrusive lists sharded by processor, running only while requests are
monitored. The `params` constructor keeps its synchronous registrations.

**Q4: namespace metadata lookups without a lock.**
`NamespaceMetadataRegistry` reads its caches (found and missing, by URI
and now also by index) without its lock; only filling and invalidating
take it. The generation moves before the caches are cleared, so a lookup
racing an invalidation never reports a stale miss.

**Q5: fewer per-call allocations on the read path.**
`ReadValidationAttributes` fills its attribute-id array element by
element instead of with an array initializer
(`RuntimeHelpers.InitializeArray` per call); single-node Read and Write
requests skip the per-request attribute cache and validate with
`permissionsOnly` (the same three attributes, read once); `ReadAsync`
allocates the list of nodes to validate only when needed. (Review: a
shared static attribute array, a per-thread `Variant[]` scratch array
and a per-thread Read node cache were dropped again because they crossed
virtual calls; the measurements below were taken with them, so Q5's
allocation saving is a little smaller than shown.)

## Behaviour notes

- **Request timeouts (Q3):** a `TimeoutHint` now fires up to 20 ms late
(the sweep period), and cancelling the server's or the transport's token
reaches the request's `CancellationToken` up to 20 ms later instead of
synchronously. A token that is already cancelled cancels the request at
once, and `TryCancel` checks the tokens first, so a token cancelled
before an explicit Cancel still owns the terminal state. The
exactly-once terminal state of #4744 is unchanged: the sweep claims it
through the same compare-and-swap.
- **System contexts (Q1):** a custom node manager that changed fields of
the context it got in a service call now changes the copy shared by that
request's other calls into the same node manager; it never reaches other
requests or the node manager's own `SystemContext`.
- **Request ids (Q2):** `RequestManager.RequestReceived` no longer
throws for a different `OperationContext` with a request id that is
still registered. Requests are tracked by their context; ids come from a
server-wide counter.

## Testing

- New: `ServerSystemContextCopyTests` (every field copied, derived types
kept), `AsyncCustomNodeManagerTests` (one copy per node manager and
request, two managers in one request, not shared across requests;
single- vs multi-node Read verdicts identical incl. a node read twice),
`RequestTableTests` (idempotent add, exactly-once remove, overflow,
concurrent churn while enumerating; drain racing completion on many
threads; Session close and Cancel by handle exactly once while others
register), `RequestDeadlineMonitorTests` (timeout precision with a fake
clock, token propagation, ownership vs. explicit Cancel, no leaked
entries, sweep/cancel/complete race), `NamespaceMetadataRegistryTests`
(cached miss by index invalidated, lookups racing `Invalidate`,
permission changes visible through the cached node).
- Run locally (net10.0): Opc.Ua.Types.Tests, Opc.Ua.Core.Tests (Stack),
Opc.Ua.Server.Tests, Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests, Opc.Ua.Subscriptions.Tests,
Opc.Ua.Redundancy.Server.Tests, Opc.Ua.Stress.Tests Contract +
Integration. net48 builds.
- Measured with `perf/ServerLoadHarness` scenarios `o6read` (o6 harness,
not part of this PR), `read`, `browse`.

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---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-14 06:25:31 +02:00
romanettandClaude Opus 5.5 9b034f8291 Enable nullable reference types centrally; migrate all unset and annotations-only projects (#4700)
# Description

Nullable reference types are now enabled once, in `common.props`, and
every project in the repository builds warning-clean with them.

**Configuration**
- `<Nullable>enable</Nullable>` lives in `common.props`. All per-project
`<Nullable>` settings are removed: 178 project files (enable,
annotations, and the `disable` in the three Aot test projects).
- 419 per-file `#nullable enable`/`restore` directives and the 4
`#nullable disable` directives are removed.
- Kept on purpose:
- The 5 `<auto-generated>` schema files (`UANodeSet.cs`, `UA Type
Dictionary.cs`, `OPCBinarySchema.cs`, `SecuredApplication.cs`,
`PInvokeHelper.cs`) keep `#nullable enable`. The compiler ignores the
project setting in generated code, so the directive is required there.
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Interop.LegacyPeer` keeps `disable`. It builds against
the 1.5.378 packages and does not import the repository props.
- `docs/DeveloperGuide.md` and `.github/copilot-instructions.md` now
describe the central setting.

**Migration** (the 43 unset and 13 annotations-only projects, roughly
10k diagnostics)
- **Production code: annotated at the declarations.** Covers
`tools/Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core`, `src/Opc.Ua.Lds.Server` and the
LDS sample.
- Members, parameters and returns are nullable where null actually
flows.
- Null-check helpers carry `[NotNullWhen]` (`IsNull`, `IsValidXmlName`,
`IsMethodTypeDesign`).
- `CoreUtils.Format`, `Utils.Format`, `ITemplateWriter.WriteLine` take
`params object?[]`. `Template.AddReplacement` takes `string?` (rendering
already skips null replacements).
- `IRegisteredServerStore.RegisterAsync` returns
`Task<RegistrationEntry?>`: it returns null when a registration is
removed.
- Dereferences backed by an invariant (for example, the validated model)
use `!`, so runtime behaviour is unchanged.
- **Behavioural changes in production code** (small, deliberate):
- `NodeSetToModelDesign` throws `InvalidOperationException` when the
file is not a NodeSet. Before, it threw a NullReferenceException on the
next line.
- `ModelDesignValidator` starts its lookup tables empty instead of null.
A redundant `if (m_nodes == null) return;` guard is gone.
- **Test code: minimal annotations.**
  - `?` on values that can be null, `!` where the test asserts non-null.
  - `= null!` for fixture members assigned in SetUp.
- `TryGetStructure<T>(out T? x)` where the inferred `T?` broke the
`IEncodeable` constraint.
- A few redundant `== null` checks on structs (`NodeId`, `ArrayOf<T>`)
folded into the adjacent `IsNull`/`Count` checks.

**Notes for reviewers**
- The diff is large (~1,500 files) but almost entirely mechanical: `?`,
`!` and directive removal. The non-annotation changes are listed above.
- Known follow-up, not done here:
`IModelDesign.Namespaces/TargetNamespace/NamespaceUris` stay
non-nullable even though the validator returns null before it loads a
dictionary. Making them nullable would ripple through every generator
call site.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4439

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

The "no new warnings" box covers net10.0 and net48: full non-incremental
builds of `UA.slnx`, `tools/SourceGeneration.slnx`,
`tools/MigrationAnalyzer.slnx` and the Aot test projects finished with 0
warnings and 0 errors under the repository's warnings-as-errors
settings. net9.0 and net8.0 also had no nullable diagnostics, but they
were not rebuilt after the final fixes. Tests have not been run locally
yet.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 08:48:13 +02:00
romanettandClaude Opus 5.5 a0d569d756 Fix Server and GDS audit findings, review findings and spec-conformance gaps (#4571)
## Summary

Fixes the findings of a bug audit of `Opc.Ua.Server`,
`Opc.Ua.Gds.Server` and `Opc.Ua.Gds.Client`. Rebased on master after
#4516.

What went in:
- **Audit:** 93 findings, each checked against the OPC UA specification.
- **Code review of those fixes:** 35 further findings.
- **Spec grounding of every fix commit:** 18 conformance gaps, now
closed.

Commits are one per finding, named `Fix <ID>`, `Fix review <ID>` or `Fix
spec gap <name>`. The IDs refer to the audit report (S = Server areas,
G1 = GDS server, G2 = GDS client).

Validation:
- Each finding was traced in code and checked against OPC 10000 (parts
3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 18, 20).
- Every fix commit was checked against the spec text again afterwards: 0
non-conformant, remaining gaps fixed.
- Regression tests were added for most fixes.
- Suites run on net10.0 before the rebase: Server, GDS, History,
Configuration, Features, Core.Security, DI, Redundancy, LDS,
InformationModel, PubSub.Server, Client, Sessions and the three
Subscriptions suites, all green. The same suites on the rebased branch
are still running; results will be posted as a comment.

## Behaviour and user-facing changes

### Secure defaults
- **`Historize()` / `HistorianBuilder`** grant HistoryRead only. History
writes need an explicit `historyAccessLevel: HistoryRead |
HistoryWrite`.
- **File-system mount:**
- Anonymous sessions can no longer create, delete, move or open files
for writing (`Bad_UserAccessDenied`).
  - UserWritable and UserExecutable now reflect the user.
- `AllowAnonymousWrite` restores the old behaviour; the ReferenceServer
sample turns it on.
- **Default PKI root** for the hosted server, hosted GDS, hosted LDS and
`OpcUaApplicationConfigurationProvider`:
- Moved from the shared temp directory to `{LocalApplicationData}/OPC
Foundation/{ApplicationName}/pki`, and startup fails if no per-user
directory exists.
- When certificate stores of an earlier version still exist under temp,
a warning names both paths. Existing deployments that relied on the
default get a new application certificate (and the hosted GDS a new CA)
unless `PkiRoot` is set to the old path.
- **GDS:**
  - `GdsServerOptions.AutoApprove` defaults to `false`.
- The default KeyCredential store grants no roles unless
`AuthorizeRoles` allows them.
- Certificate requests (StartSigningRequest, StartNewKeyPairRequest,
FinishRequest) need an encrypted channel.
- **Hosted server anonymous logins:**
- Anonymous is rejected (`Bad_IdentityTokenRejected`) when the default
authenticator options disable it.
- A custom `AddIdentityAuthenticator<T>()` on its own no longer disables
anonymous.
- With anonymous disabled and no configured token policies, the endpoint
advertises the authenticators' token types instead of Anonymous.
- **Runtime-added roles:** their properties and methods need
SecurityAdmin over an encrypted channel, like the well-known roles.
- **Disabled users:** users disabled through Part 18 UserManagement can
no longer log in through `RegisterDefaultAuthenticators(IUserDatabase)`.

### GDS server (Part 12)
- **Certificate requests:**
- FinishRequest / ReadRequest with another application's RequestId
returns `Bad_InvalidArgument`.
  - Every Start*Request returns a new RequestId.
- A CSR without the ApplicationUri is rejected
(`Bad_CertificateUriInvalid`).
- An abstract or unsupported certificate type is rejected at Start
(`Bad_InvalidArgument`).
- **Private-key password:** no longer persisted in the JSON applications
database. A password saved by an earlier version is read into memory
once and dropped on the next save.
- **CheckRevocationStatus:** validates offline against the GDS's own
trust lists and CRLs. It returns Good for good GDS-issued certificates
and `Bad_CertificateInvalid` for input that is not a certificate.
- **Certificate-group trust lists:**
- Writes need CertificateAuthorityAdmin; SecurityAdmin and application
admins are read-only.
  - Writes are validated with the Part 4 certificate validation.
- **AuthorizationService:**
- The legacy RequestAccessToken applies `AccessControl` and issues the
token for the session identity.
- StartRequestToken passes the session identity to every identity-aware
provider.
  - Unknown ResourceIds return `Bad_NotFound`.
- Expired token requests and refresh tokens are pruned, with at most 10
000 pending requests (`Bad_TooManyOperations`).
- **KeyCredential:** requests with PublicKey + SecurityPolicyUri are
rejected with `Bad_SecurityPolicyRejected` (secret encryption is not
implemented); a PublicKey without SecurityPolicyUri is rejected with
`Bad_InvalidArgument`.
- **Audit events:** access-token audit events no longer contain the
password or token data.
- **RegisterTickets / UnregisterTickets:** need the RegistrarAdmin role
when called from a session.
- **Managed application nodes:** moved from namespace 0 to their own
namespace (`ManagedApplicationsNamespaceUri`); the NodeId is the
ApplicationUri, and the mandatory child properties exist.
- **Hosted GDS:**
- New `GdsServerOptions.CertificateGroups`
(`GdsCertificateGroupOptions`), bindable from configuration.
  - The mandatory DefaultApplicationGroup is always present.
  - The default CA subject uses the resolved application name.
- **JSON applications database:**
- A corrupt file throws instead of being silently replaced by an empty
database.
- Saves are atomic and write in place on bind mounts; on net8+ builds
they also follow symlinks and keep the Unix file mode.
  - Issued certificates and trust-list links survive a reload.

### GDS client
- **Trust-list download:**
  - Reads until an empty chunk (Part 20 short reads).
- A size-limit rejection of the final end-of-file read, as sent by
released servers, counts as end of file.
- **Default certificate group:** a null group means
DefaultApplicationGroup, and vendor groups in other namespaces are no
longer mistaken for well-known groups.
- **Status codes and errors:**
  - Missing directory proxies report `Bad_ServerNotConnected`.
- Short or wrongly typed method outputs throw `BadUnexpectedError` /
`BadTypeMismatch`.
- **GdsAccessTokenProvider:** no longer caches a failed client task, and
one caller's cancellation no longer fails other callers.

### Trust lists, push and ConfigurationFile (Part 12 / Part 20)
- **AddCertificate:**
  - `IsTrustedCertificate=false` returns `Bad_CertificateInvalid`.
- Added certificates are validated (Part 4), and a certificate revoked
by a current CRL returns `Bad_CertificateRevoked`.
- **CloseAndUpdate:** validates the uploaded list against its own
certificates and CRLs, not the stores it replaces. Validation failures
are no longer recorded in the server's Rejected store.
- **RemoveCertificate:** removing a trusted or issuer CA that other
certificates still need returns `Bad_CertificateChainIncomplete`.
- **Handles:**
  - Several read handles may be open at once.
- Any open while a write handle exists returns `Bad_NotReadable` /
`Bad_NotWritable`.
  - A write open while any handle is open returns `Bad_NotWritable`.
  - Handles of closed sessions are released.
  - Idle handles close after ActivityTimeout (default 60 s).
- **Status codes:**
- Read clamps to the remaining bytes and no longer enforces the size
limit.
  - Oversized Write / AddCertificate returns `Bad_RequestTooLarge`.
  - Unsupported open modes return `Bad_NotSupported`.
- **ConfigurationFile.CloseAndUpdate:**
  - Empty Targets return `Bad_InvalidArgument`.
- The ConfigurationUpdatedAuditEvent is raised with the configuration
owner as source.
- With the new `IApplicationConfigurationFileTargetProvider`, providers
receive the Targets, a bad target returns Uncertain with per-target
results, and session-interrupting updates are applied after
RestartDelayTime.
- **Default namespace permissions:** namespaces registered after the
first permission lookup now get their NamespaceMetadata default
RolePermissions and AccessRestrictions (no stale negative cache).

### Sessions, identity and roles (Part 18)
- **Session timeouts:** a failure closing one timed-out session no
longer stops the session-timeout monitor.
- **ChangePassword:** an empty old password returns
`Bad_IdentityTokenInvalid`.
- **Removing or disabling a user:** closes only that user's
UserName-token sessions.
- **Role configuration changes:** roles granted by an `ImpersonateUser`
mapping are kept.
- **X509Subject rules:** a certificate subject value containing a quote
never matches an X509Subject rule.
- **`ImpersonateUser` callback:** no longer runs under the global
session lock.
- **Session diagnostics:** LocaleIds are kept as the client sent them,
while null LocaleIds are ignored for translation.

### Subscriptions and monitored items (Part 4)
- **Acknowledgements:** a failing acknowledgement returns a per-entry
Bad status instead of failing the whole Publish.
- **`DiscardedMessageCount`:** counts messages dropped from the
retransmission queue and unsent overflow messages.
- **Durable subscriptions:** transferring a restored anonymous
subscription works (no NullReferenceException).
- **Transferred subscriptions:** sampling and permission checks use the
item's current owner session.
- **Access denied:** a monitored item whose user may no longer read the
attribute gets a `Bad_UserAccessDenied` notification instead of going
silent. Non-Value attributes need Browse permission (RolePermissions
needs ReadRolePermissions), and User* attributes are evaluated per
subscriber.
- **ModifyMonitoredItems:** a SamplingInterval of -1 uses the
subscription's publishing interval.
- **AggregateFilter priming:** needs HistoryRead / ReadHistory
permission and is bounded (100 000 values, bounded page size).
- **Resource leak:** event monitored items no longer leak a consumer
task per create/delete cycle.

### Node management services (Part 3 / Part 4)
- **Reference types:** AddNodes, AddReferences, DeleteReferences and
Browse reject ids that are not ReferenceTypes with
`Bad_ReferenceTypeIdInvalid`. AddNodes, AddReferences and
DeleteReferences also reject abstract ReferenceTypes; Browse still
accepts them (e.g. `HierarchicalReferences` with includeSubtypes).
- **Concurrent AddNodes:** duplicate BrowseNames under one parent get
`Bad_BrowseNameDuplicated`.
- **TranslateBrowsePathsToNodeIds:**
- Requires Browse permission on intermediate nodes and final targets
(RolePermissions and AccessRestrictions).
  - A long RelativePath no longer rejects the whole request.
- **SemanticChangeEvent:**
- Raised once per actual change of a semantic property, whether or not
it is monitored.
  - Also raised for properties with the SemanticChange access-level bit.
  - Reports the owning node's TypeDefinition as AffectedType.
- **Localized diagnostics:** operation-level text is translated when
OperationLocalizedText is requested.

### History and aggregates (Part 11 / Part 13)
- **DeleteRawModified:** an unspecified or reversed range returns
`Bad_InvalidTimestampArgument`, and StartTime == EndTime deletes the
value at StartTime for every provider.
- **ReadAtTime fallback:** reads only the values around each requested
time. A time whose bound is not found within the search limit returns
`Bad_BoundNotSupported` instead of failing the request.
- **ReadProcessed:** a ProcessingInterval shorter than one tick returns
`Bad_AggregateInvalidInputs`.
- **Delta / DeltaBounds:** widen to the next larger signed type when the
result does not fit the source type (e.g. a decreasing unsigned counter,
or an Int16 overflow).
- **Range / Range2:** return the source data type.

### Alarms and fluent API (Part 9)
- **Suppression:** an alarm stays suppressed while any suppression group
is active, and re-evaluation without a state change does not move
TransitionTime.
- **`MonitorVariable(variable)`:** sets SourceNode, SourceName and
InputNode to the variable and makes it a ConditionSource (HasCondition
to the alarm, HasEventSource from the object).
- **Fluent input/output arguments:** InputArguments / OutputArguments
added through the fluent API to a registered method are readable.
- **Root notifiers:** a failed root-notifier registration no longer
leaves an orphaned event worker.
- **State-machine handlers:** exceptions are logged at Error.

### File system (Part 20)
- **Delete / MoveOrCopy:**
  - Only act on direct children of the directory.
- A NodeId whose kind does not match the entry returns `Bad_NotFound` (a
file NodeId can no longer delete a directory).
- Copying a directory into its own subtree returns
`Bad_InvalidArgument`.
- **Locking:**
- An open file, or a directory containing one, cannot be deleted or
moved (`Bad_InvalidState`).
  - The check is atomic with opens.
- While a Delete or Move runs, read opens get `Bad_NotReadable` and
write opens `Bad_InvalidState`.
- **Open:**
- Reserved mode bits or EraseExisting without Write return
`Bad_InvalidArgument`.
  - Read+Write returns `Bad_NotSupported`.
  - Read while a writer is open returns `Bad_NotReadable`.
- **Client `FileSystemErrors`:** maps `Bad_NotReadable` to
`IOException`.
- **RuntimeNodeSet:** well-formed NodeSets with a stray `Model` element,
or two models in one file where one requires the other, now load.

### Server core, hosting and lifecycle
- **`SessionEstablishmentQueueLimit` > 0:**
CreateSession/ActivateSession now queue for a permit. The permit is
acquired before the request is registered, and a waiting handshake
releases its worker through the request-parking policy.
- **Node manager lifecycle:**
  - Add, reload and remove no longer wait for parked Publish requests.
- A Migrate reload racing with CreateMonitoredItems no longer blocks
later lifecycle operations.
  - Late items on retired or removed managers get `Bad_NodeIdUnknown`.
- **HistoryUpdate:** a batch mixing data and event details is bounded by
both limits.
- **Server stop/start:** stopping the server disposes the configuration
watcher and certificate subscription; starting recreates them.
- **Monitored-item queue factory:** a factory supplied by the caller or
the DI container is no longer disposed by the server.
- **Audit events:** each certificate validation error raises its own
AuditCertificate event. A failed OpenSecureChannel without a service
result is audited as failed.

## New public API (additive)
- `IQueuedSessionEstablishmentLimiter`
- `StandardServer.OwnsMonitoredItemQueueFactory` (protected virtual)
- `DefaultPkiRoot.Get` (Opc.Ua.Configuration)
- `TrustList.SetCertificateValidation`
- `NamespaceMetadataRegistry.Invalidate`
- `IApplicationConfigurationFileTargetProvider` and
`ApplicationConfigurationUpdatePlan`
- `GdsServerOptions.CertificateGroups` / `GdsCertificateGroupOptions`
- `InMemoryKeyCredentialRequestStore.AuthorizeRoles`
-
`DefaultManagedApplicationsNodeManager.ManagedApplicationsNamespaceUri`
- `AuthorizationServiceManager.RequestAccessTokenAsync(...,
IUserIdentity?, ...)`
- `AllowAnonymousWrite` on the file-system node manager and its factory
- `IFileSystemHost.TryBeginMutation` / `EndMutation`, replacing
`HasOpenHandles`

## Not fixed / known limitations
- **KeyCredential:** secret encryption with the client's PublicKey
(requests needing it are rejected).
- **CSR SAN restriction:** restricting subject / SAN values copied from
a CSR (CA policy).
- **Ticket signatures:** ticket signature verification (needs a
trusted-signer configuration).
- **FileType Read+Write open:** needs a read/write stream contract in
`IFileSystemProvider`.
- **Custom `IUserDatabase` implementations:** the disabled-user check
still scans all users per login. The built-in stores do a single lookup.
- **64-bit Delta precision:** limited by the calculator's double
arithmetic.

## Tests with changed expectations
Existing tests were updated where they asserted the old behaviour:
- File-system status codes
- Trust-list handle eviction
- `DiscardedMessageCount`
- Localized diagnostics bits
- Delta on unsigned sources
- SourceNode of fluent alarms
- ReferenceServer transfer permission test (now expects
`Bad_UserAccessDenied` notifications)
- `UserDeactivationShutdownReviewTests` (the revoked session is a
UserName login)

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-29 07:26:05 +02:00
romanettandClaude Fable 5.1 676c6e9ea2 Split ConfigurationNodeManager by concern (#4381) (#4406)
# Description

`ConfigurationNodeManager` was a 5002-line class mixing OPC UA Part 12
push certificate management, Part 5 namespace metadata, §7.8.3
certificate alarms and address-space plumbing. This PR separates those
concerns without changing the public or protected API.

**Partial-class split by concern** (`src/Opc.Ua.Server/Configuration/`):
the core file keeps construction, address-space setup, access control,
transaction diagnostics and the shared state (1271 lines); the rest
moves verbatim into sibling files, each with a class summary naming its
concern and the shared fields it may touch, following the
`MasterNodeManager.*.cs` / `DiagnosticsNodeManager.AliasNames.cs`
pattern:

- `ConfigurationNodeManager.PushMethods.cs` – UpdateCertificate,
CreateSelfSignedCertificate, DeleteCertificate, CreateSigningRequest,
GetRejectedList, GetCertificates, KeyCredential push binding
- `ConfigurationNodeManager.CertificateSlots.cs` – slot
resolution/occupancy, staged slot replacement with rollback, issuer
import cleanup, rotation registration, endpoint-reference guards
- `ConfigurationNodeManager.ApplyChanges.cs` –
ApplyChanges/CancelChanges, deferred grace-period apply,
ResetToServerDefaults, shutdown drains
- `ConfigurationNodeManager.TrustMaterial.cs` – TrustList change effects
and the trust-material enforcement pump
- `ConfigurationNodeManager.CertificateAlarms.cs` and
`ConfigurationNodeManager.NamespaceMetadata.cs` – thin facades over the
new collaborators below

**Three collaborators extracted** for the areas that touch only their
own state (continuing the pattern of
`PushConfigurationTransactionCoordinator` /
`PushConfigurationTrustListEffectHandler`):

- `PushCertificateValidation` – the stateless validators
(certificate/issuer-chain and TrustList checks, subject and key-size
rules, endpoint-reference check, slot selection)
- `NamespaceMetadataRegistry` – URI/index cache, lazy creation and
default-permission tracking of `NamespaceMetadataState` nodes, reached
through a small `INamespaceMetadataHost` seam the manager implements
(same shape as `IAliasNameMaterializerHost`)
- `CertificateAlarmScheduler` – alarm instantiation, periodic
refresh/evaluation and start/stop lifecycle for the §7.8.3 alarms
- `ServerCertificateGroup` is promoted from a private nested class to an
internal top-level type so the collaborators can share it

Log messages that moved get their own `ServerEventIds` blocks
(`CertificateAlarmScheduler = 40`, `NamespaceMetadataRegistry = 570`);
the remaining `ConfigurationNodeManagerLog` ids are renumbered
contiguously.

**Why not separate node managers.** The infrastructure for a second ns=0
manager exists, but Part 12 push owns no nodes of its own; it binds
behaviour onto ns=0 nodes the diagnostics manager loads. A second
manager would break the index-0 assumptions in `MasterNodeManager`, the
diagnostics-to-configuration downcast in `ServerInternalData`,
`IMainNodeManagerFactory`, the ReferenceServer subclass and the test
harnesses that construct one manager, for no architectural gain.

**Reviewer notes**

- `git diff -M --color-moved=dimmed-zebra
--color-moved-ws=ignore-all-space` shows the satellite bodies as moves
rather than additions.
- Public/protected surface of `ConfigurationNodeManager` and
`IConfigurationNodeManager` is unchanged;
`ReferenceServerConfigurationNodeManager` is untouched. Only `internal`
members moved, and the four test files that called them were updated
(validation statics now on `PushCertificateValidation`, alarm internals
via `manager.AlarmScheduler`).
- Tests that reflect on `ConfigurationNodeManager` private members by
name keep working because the members stay on the partial class.
- New fixtures: `CertificateAlarmSchedulerTests`,
`NamespaceMetadataRegistryTests`.
- Verified locally: server project builds for all target frameworks with
0 warnings; configuration-related server tests (373) and GDS `PushTest`
(327) pass on net10.0; `dotnet format --verify-no-changes` is clean on
the touched files.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4381

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

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---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-04 07:59:45 +00:00