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# Description The model source generator crashed with `MODELGEN003` / `NullReferenceException` whenever a `ModelDesign` instantiated an `ObjectType` (or `VariableType`) declared in a **dependency** design file, as soon as that type had children. The sibling of #4332 on the instance-declaration path: #4335 linked dependency *data types*, but an *instance* whose `TypeDefinition` lives in another design still crashed in `NodeStateGenerator` on the type's inherited children. Root cause: dependency design files load with `validateDictionary: false`, so `ValidateInstance` / `ValidateType` never ran on them and their types' children kept `TypeDefinitionNode` / `DataTypeNode` at `null`. When the target instance merged those children into its hierarchy (`BuildInstanceHierarchy` re-walks the dependency type's `Children.Items`), the null references were copied along, and `GetNodeStateClassName` dereferenced them while building the node state factory list. Changes: - A new best-effort `LinkDependencyInstances` pass in `ModelDesignValidator` links dependency-design instances the way `ValidateInstance` / `ValidateType` do for the target model: the `TypeDefinitionNode` / `DataTypeNode` of the types' children and standalone instances (recursively), variable `DataType` / `ValueRank` inheritance from the variable type, `DefaultValue` decoding, `VariableTypeDesign.DataTypeNode` restrictions, and method arguments — including creation of the `InputArguments` / `OutputArguments` argument properties so method children materialise into the target hierarchy exactly like local ones. Resolution is best effort (unresolvable references stay `null`) and NodeSet2 dependencies remain excluded, consistent with `LinkDependencyDataTypes`. - The pass runs alongside `LinkDependencyDataTypes`: for upstream dependencies after all of them are loaded and before the target validates (so the hierarchy merge picks up the links), and for downstream dependencies after they load. - `docs/ModelDependencies.md` documents the instance linking. Tests (all verified to fail with the exact reported NRE stack before the fix): - `CrossModelInstanceTypeDefinitionTests` (Core, 4 tests): the issue's minimal repro end to end; an equivalence test asserting the cross-model instance emits the **identical node-state factory set** as a locally declared type (this is the issue's stated expectation, and it drove the method-argument-property part of the fix); the flipped upstream/downstream ordering; and validator-level assertions that the merged hierarchy carries linked `TypeDefinitionNode` / `DataTypeNode` references, including the data type inherited from a dependency `VariableType`. - `CrossModelInstanceTypeDefinitionGeneratorTests` (Roslyn driver, 2 tests): the issue's csproj repro shape — both `AdditionalFiles` orderings, asserting no diagnostics and that the combined generated output of both models **compiles** (the instance factories reference the dependency model's typed state classes). Verified locally on net10.0: `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core.Tests` 3800 passed, `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Tests` 141 passed, `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Stack.Tests` 94 passed; 0-warning Release build of `Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core` (all TFMs incl. netstandard2.0); `dotnet format whitespace --verify-no-changes` clean. This removes the last generator blocker for source generating the instance model of the `Workshop/DataTypes` sample (OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard-Samples#814): its `ParkingLot` / `DriverOfTheMonth` are instances of types declared in the other design file. ## Related Issues - Fixes #4353 ## Checklist _Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step after opening the PR._ - [ ] I have signed the [CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf) and read the [CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) doc. - [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works and increased code coverage. - [x] I have added all necessary documentation. - [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or analyzer warnings. - [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed. - [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and **all** CodeQL warnings. - [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received. 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code) --------- Co-authored-by: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>