UA-.NETStandard/docs/NodeManagement.md

NodeManagement service set

The OPC UA NodeManagement service set (OPC 10000-4 §5.8) gives clients the ability to manipulate the server's address space at runtime:

Service	Description
AddNodes	Create a new node beneath an existing parent (Object, Variable, ...).
DeleteNodes	Remove a node and, optionally, all references that target it.
AddReferences	Add a reference between two existing nodes.
DeleteReferences	Remove a reference between two existing nodes.

The SDK ships full request validation, per-item dispatch, audit-event emission, and per-NodeManager opt-in. NodeManagers do not need to override the four StandardServer service methods themselves.

Architecture

1. The client request lands on StandardServer.AddNodesAsync / DeleteNodesAsync / AddReferencesAsync / DeleteReferencesAsync.
2. Each service override validates the request and forwards the per-item collection to the matching IMasterNodeManager.AddNodesAsync etc. dispatcher.
3. MasterNodeManager looks up the owning NodeManager for every item (the requested NodeId namespace, or the BrowseName namespace when the Server assigns the NodeId, for AddNodes; node for DeleteNodes; and source for reference changes) and validates the matching PermissionType before asking it to perform the work via the optional INodeManagementAsyncNodeManager interface. AddNodes requires AddNode in the target namespace's default policy and AddReference on the parent. Every Node permission is evaluated together with the Node's applicable AccessRestrictions.
4. The aggregated per-item results are wrapped in the matching response envelope and the audit event (AuditAddNodesEvent, AuditDeleteNodesEvent, AuditAddReferencesEvent, AuditDeleteReferencesEvent) is emitted with an aggregated status.

NodeManagers that do not implement INodeManagementAsyncNodeManager — or have not opted in — return BadUserAccessDenied, which is the status defined for "server does not allow this operation". This keeps the default behavior of every existing NodeManager unchanged.

Opting in: INodeManagementAsyncNodeManager

public interface INodeManagementAsyncNodeManager
{
    // Sub-class returns true to opt in. Default is false.
    bool AllowNodeManagement { get; }

    ValueTask<(ServiceResult result, NodeId addedNodeId)> AddNodeAsync(
        OperationContext context,
        AddNodesItem item,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);

    ValueTask<ServiceResult> DeleteNodeAsync(
        OperationContext context,
        DeleteNodesItem item,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);

    ValueTask<ServiceResult> AddReferenceAsync(
        OperationContext context,
        AddReferencesItem item,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);

    ValueTask<ServiceResult> DeleteReferenceAsync(
        OperationContext context,
        DeleteReferencesItem item,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
}

AsyncCustomNodeManager already implements INodeManagementAsyncNodeManager with default behavior that handles every common case. Sub-classes opt in by overriding a single property:

public sealed class MyNodeManager : AsyncCustomNodeManager
{
    public MyNodeManager(IServerInternal server, ApplicationConfiguration config, ILogger logger)
        : base(server, config, logger, "http://example.org/MyNodes/")
    {
    }

    public override bool AllowNodeManagement => true;
}

That is the only change needed for a NodeManager to start accepting AddNodes / DeleteNodes / AddReferences / DeleteReferences requests.

The reference server's ReferenceNodeManager opts in this way; you can use it as the working example.

Dispatch and routing rules

• AddNodes: routed by the namespace of RequestedNewNodeId when the caller supplies one. When RequestedNewNodeId is null, routed to the parent's owning NodeManager. As a pragmatic fallback for the common case where the parent is ObjectsFolder (owned by the read-only CoreNodeManager), the dispatcher routes to the first NodeManager that has opted in to NodeManagement.
• DeleteNodes: routed to the owning NodeManager of the target node.
• AddReferences / DeleteReferences: routed to the source node's owning NodeManager. Target-side validation and inverse mutation occur only when the target is explicitly local: targetServerUri is empty, and the ExpandedNodeId has neither a server index nor namespace URI. When that target lives in a different opted-in NodeManager, the dispatcher resolves the actual source and target NodeClass, checks both local endpoints before mutation, and mirrors the complementary edge. If the inverse mutation fails or is cancelled, the source mutation is compensated with an independent bounded cleanup token before the original failure is returned or rethrown.

Request handling on AsyncCustomNodeManager

The default implementation honors the following request fields:

Field	Behavior
RequestedNewNodeId	Used as the new node's NodeId when valid; otherwise BadNodeIdRejected. When null, a fresh NodeId is allocated via INodeIdFactory.New; if the override returns a null NodeId (for example, because it derives identifiers from a parent that is not yet attached) the SDK falls back to the base allocator so AddNodes always yields a usable identifier. BadNodeIdExists if it collides with an existing node.
BrowseName	Must be non-null. BadBrowseNameDuplicated when a sibling under the same parent already uses the same browse name — both local children and previously-added cross-NodeManager children attached to the same parent by this NodeManager are checked.
ParentNodeId	Used to attach the new child to the parent. Cross-NodeManager parents are supported — the forward parent → child edge is added via the master so the parent's NodeManager records it, and the inverse child → parent edge is added on the new node.
ReferenceTypeId	Must be a HierarchicalReferences subtype.
NodeAttributes	Optional VariableAttributes / ObjectAttributes are applied to the new node (DisplayName, Description, DataType, ValueRank, AccessLevel, UserAccessLevel, Historizing, MinimumSamplingInterval, Value, EventNotifier).
DeleteTargetReferences	When true, DeleteNodes also removes references on other NodeManagers that target the deleted node.
DeleteBidirectional	When true on DeleteReferences, the inverse edge is also deleted only for an explicitly local target. Remote targets remain source-side operations.

If AddNodes fails after registration recovered previously detached monitored items, rollback detaches those items again before removing the node. They retain their deleted-node status and remain recoverable when a later AddNodes succeeds with the same NodeId.

Error codes returned

Service	Status	Reason
AddNodes	BadBrowseNameInvalid	BrowseName is null.
AddNodes	BadParentNodeIdInvalid	ParentNodeId is null or unknown.
AddNodes	BadReferenceTypeIdInvalid	ReferenceTypeId is null or unknown.
AddNodes	BadReferenceNotAllowed	ReferenceTypeId is not a hierarchical reference.
AddNodes	BadNodeIdRejected	The requested or BrowseName namespace has no owning NodeManager, or RequestedNewNodeId is outside the selected NodeManager's namespace.
AddNodes	BadNodeIdExists	RequestedNewNodeId already exists.
AddNodes	BadBrowseNameDuplicated	A sibling beneath the same local parent already uses the browse name.
AddNodes	BadNodeClassInvalid	Only Object and Variable are supported by the default implementation.
AddNodes	BadNodeAttributesInvalid	The supplied attributes extension object does not match the node class.
AddNodes / DeleteNodes / AddReferences / DeleteReferences	BadUserAccessDenied	The owning NodeManager has not opted in to NodeManagement or the Session lacks AddNode, DeleteNode, AddReference, or RemoveReference permission.
AddNodes / DeleteNodes / AddReferences / DeleteReferences	BadSecurityModeInsufficient	An applicable namespace, parent, source, or local target AccessRestrictions policy requires a stronger SecureChannel.
DeleteNodes	BadNodeIdInvalid / BadNodeIdUnknown	The node to delete is null or unknown.
AddReferences	BadSourceNodeIdInvalid	Source is null or unknown to this NodeManager.
AddReferences	BadTargetNodeIdInvalid	Target is null.
AddReferences	BadDuplicateReferenceNotAllowed	The exact reference (type + direction + target) already exists on the source.
DeleteReferences	BadNoMatch	No reference with the exact triple (type + direction + target) was found on the source.

Audit events

Every NodeManagement service emits its corresponding audit event:

• AuditAddNodesEventType
• AuditDeleteNodesEventType
• AuditAddReferencesEventType
• AuditDeleteReferencesEventType

The audit Status is the first bad per-item status, or Good when every item succeeded. Audit events are emitted from both the success and failure paths so an early ServiceResultException (request-level validation) still appears in the audit log.

Client-side example

The standard Session / ManagedSession AddNodes / DeleteNodes / AddReferences / DeleteReferences APIs work unchanged against any server whose NodeManager has opted in. See OPC 10000-4 §5.8 for the service contract.

Custom behavior

To customize behavior for a particular NodeManager (e.g. enforce a custom NodeId scheme, persist the new node, or veto specific node classes), override the matching method on INodeManagementAsyncNodeManager after opting in. For example, to restrict additions to BaseObjectState:

public override async ValueTask<(ServiceResult result, NodeId addedNodeId)> AddNodeAsync(
    OperationContext context,
    AddNodesItem item,
    CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
    if (item.NodeClass != NodeClass.Object)
    {
        return (new ServiceResult(StatusCodes.BadNodeClassInvalid), NodeId.Null);
    }
    return await base.AddNodeAsync(context, item, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
}

See also

• Reference Server — opt-in example in ReferenceNodeManager.
• Source generated NodeManagers — combine NodeManagement with generated models.
• Model Change Tracking — AddNodes and DeleteNodes emit GeneralModelChangeEvent automatically when model change tracking is enabled.