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romanett 9b034f8291 Enable nullable reference types centrally; migrate all unset and annotations-only projects (#4700)
# Description

Nullable reference types are now enabled once, in `common.props`, and
every project in the repository builds warning-clean with them.

**Configuration**
- `<Nullable>enable</Nullable>` lives in `common.props`. All per-project
`<Nullable>` settings are removed: 178 project files (enable,
annotations, and the `disable` in the three Aot test projects).
- 419 per-file `#nullable enable`/`restore` directives and the 4
`#nullable disable` directives are removed.
- Kept on purpose:
- The 5 `<auto-generated>` schema files (`UANodeSet.cs`, `UA Type
Dictionary.cs`, `OPCBinarySchema.cs`, `SecuredApplication.cs`,
`PInvokeHelper.cs`) keep `#nullable enable`. The compiler ignores the
project setting in generated code, so the directive is required there.
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Interop.LegacyPeer` keeps `disable`. It builds against
the 1.5.378 packages and does not import the repository props.
- `docs/DeveloperGuide.md` and `.github/copilot-instructions.md` now
describe the central setting.

**Migration** (the 43 unset and 13 annotations-only projects, roughly
10k diagnostics)
- **Production code: annotated at the declarations.** Covers
`tools/Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core`, `src/Opc.Ua.Lds.Server` and the
LDS sample.
- Members, parameters and returns are nullable where null actually
flows.
- Null-check helpers carry `[NotNullWhen]` (`IsNull`, `IsValidXmlName`,
`IsMethodTypeDesign`).
- `CoreUtils.Format`, `Utils.Format`, `ITemplateWriter.WriteLine` take
`params object?[]`. `Template.AddReplacement` takes `string?` (rendering
already skips null replacements).
- `IRegisteredServerStore.RegisterAsync` returns
`Task<RegistrationEntry?>`: it returns null when a registration is
removed.
- Dereferences backed by an invariant (for example, the validated model)
use `!`, so runtime behaviour is unchanged.
- **Behavioural changes in production code** (small, deliberate):
- `NodeSetToModelDesign` throws `InvalidOperationException` when the
file is not a NodeSet. Before, it threw a NullReferenceException on the
next line.
- `ModelDesignValidator` starts its lookup tables empty instead of null.
A redundant `if (m_nodes == null) return;` guard is gone.
- **Test code: minimal annotations.**
  - `?` on values that can be null, `!` where the test asserts non-null.
  - `= null!` for fixture members assigned in SetUp.
- `TryGetStructure<T>(out T? x)` where the inferred `T?` broke the
`IEncodeable` constraint.
- A few redundant `== null` checks on structs (`NodeId`, `ArrayOf<T>`)
folded into the adjacent `IsNull`/`Count` checks.

**Notes for reviewers**
- The diff is large (~1,500 files) but almost entirely mechanical: `?`,
`!` and directive removal. The non-annotation changes are listed above.
- Known follow-up, not done here:
`IModelDesign.Namespaces/TargetNamespace/NamespaceUris` stay
non-nullable even though the validator returns null before it loads a
dictionary. Making them nullable would ripple through every generator
call site.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4439

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

The "no new warnings" box covers net10.0 and net48: full non-incremental
builds of `UA.slnx`, `tools/SourceGeneration.slnx`,
`tools/MigrationAnalyzer.slnx` and the Aot test projects finished with 0
warnings and 0 errors under the repository's warnings-as-errors
settings. net9.0 and net8.0 also had no nullable diagnostics, but they
were not rebuilt after the final fixes. Tests have not been run locally
yet.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 08:48:13 +02:00

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XML

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFrameworks>$(AppTargetFrameworks)</TargetFrameworks>
<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
<IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
<AssemblyName>GeneratorServer</AssemblyName>
<PackageId>GeneratorServer</PackageId>
<Description>Self-contained .NET console OPC UA server demonstrating the Generators companion specification end-to-end, including a datasheet-driven generator-set simulation, a twelve-state operating state machine, protection alarms and a per-set OpenUSD twin.</Description>
<RootNamespace>Generators</RootNamespace>
<NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CA1822</NoWarn>
<PublishAot Condition="$([MSBuild]::IsTargetFrameworkCompatible('$(TargetFramework)', 'net10.0'))">true</PublishAot>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.Configuration\Opc.Ua.Configuration.csproj" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.Server\Opc.Ua.Server.csproj" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.Di\Opc.Ua.Di.csproj" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.Di.Server\Opc.Ua.Di.Server.csproj" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.Machinery\Opc.Ua.Machinery.csproj" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.OpenUsd\Opc.Ua.OpenUsd.csproj" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.OpenUsd.Server\Opc.Ua.OpenUsd.Server.csproj" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\tools\Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration\Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.csproj">
<OutputItemType>Analyzer</OutputItemType>
<ReferenceOutputAssembly>false</ReferenceOutputAssembly>
</ProjectReference>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console" />
</ItemGroup>
<!-- The conformance tests read the simulation constants to verify that they
agree with the published datasheet instead of duplicating those values. -->
<ItemGroup>
<InternalsVisibleTo Include="Opc.Ua.OpenUsd.Tests" />
</ItemGroup>
<!-- Authored USD layers embedded so the server ships (and serves) its own twin
geometry: Powerhouse.usda (RootLayer) + generator.usda (Reference). -->
<ItemGroup>
<EmbeddedResource Include="Assets\Powerhouse.usda"><LogicalName>Powerhouse.usda</LogicalName></EmbeddedResource>
<EmbeddedResource Include="Assets\generator.usda"><LogicalName>generator.usda</LogicalName></EmbeddedResource>
</ItemGroup>
<!-- The Generators NodeSet2 XML is source-generated locally. The generator
emits typed classes, a NodeId table and the AddOpcUaGenerators extension
method in the Opc.Ua.Generators namespace, internal to this assembly.
Machinery is no longer generated here: this sample used to carry a
reduced Machinery NodeSet, derived by a script that whitelisted the
types the Generators model needs and dropped the IA namespace, because
the full official set did not survive the model generator. That defect
is fixed. The ProjectReference on src/Opc.Ua.Machinery now supplies the
full OPC 40001-1 1.04.1 model - including the Stacklight edge into
OPC 10000-200 IA that the reduction removed - and the Generators model
resolves its Machinery and DI type references through the referenced
assemblies' [ModelDependencyAttribute] payloads.
The matching Opc.Ua.Generators.NodeSet2.csv (alongside the XML) is picked
up as the stable NodeId table. Without it the generator would assign
synthetic NodeIds at compile time, breaking byte-stable wire formats for
clients that cache NodeIds across builds. -->
<ItemGroup>
<AdditionalFiles Include="Model\Opc.Ua.Generators.NodeSet2.xml">
<ModelSourceGeneratorPrefix>Opc.Ua.Generators</ModelSourceGeneratorPrefix>
</AdditionalFiles>
<AdditionalFiles Include="Model\Opc.Ua.Generators.NodeSet2.csv" />
</ItemGroup>
<Import Project="..\..\..\tools\Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration\OPCFoundation.Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.props" />
<PropertyGroup>
<ModelSourceGeneratorVersion>v105</ModelSourceGeneratorVersion>
<ModelSourceGeneratorUseAllowSubtypes>true</ModelSourceGeneratorUseAllowSubtypes>
</PropertyGroup>
</Project>