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romanett 9b034f8291 Enable nullable reference types centrally; migrate all unset and annotations-only projects (#4700)
# Description

Nullable reference types are now enabled once, in `common.props`, and
every project in the repository builds warning-clean with them.

**Configuration**
- `<Nullable>enable</Nullable>` lives in `common.props`. All per-project
`<Nullable>` settings are removed: 178 project files (enable,
annotations, and the `disable` in the three Aot test projects).
- 419 per-file `#nullable enable`/`restore` directives and the 4
`#nullable disable` directives are removed.
- Kept on purpose:
- The 5 `<auto-generated>` schema files (`UANodeSet.cs`, `UA Type
Dictionary.cs`, `OPCBinarySchema.cs`, `SecuredApplication.cs`,
`PInvokeHelper.cs`) keep `#nullable enable`. The compiler ignores the
project setting in generated code, so the directive is required there.
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Interop.LegacyPeer` keeps `disable`. It builds against
the 1.5.378 packages and does not import the repository props.
- `docs/DeveloperGuide.md` and `.github/copilot-instructions.md` now
describe the central setting.

**Migration** (the 43 unset and 13 annotations-only projects, roughly
10k diagnostics)
- **Production code: annotated at the declarations.** Covers
`tools/Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core`, `src/Opc.Ua.Lds.Server` and the
LDS sample.
- Members, parameters and returns are nullable where null actually
flows.
- Null-check helpers carry `[NotNullWhen]` (`IsNull`, `IsValidXmlName`,
`IsMethodTypeDesign`).
- `CoreUtils.Format`, `Utils.Format`, `ITemplateWriter.WriteLine` take
`params object?[]`. `Template.AddReplacement` takes `string?` (rendering
already skips null replacements).
- `IRegisteredServerStore.RegisterAsync` returns
`Task<RegistrationEntry?>`: it returns null when a registration is
removed.
- Dereferences backed by an invariant (for example, the validated model)
use `!`, so runtime behaviour is unchanged.
- **Behavioural changes in production code** (small, deliberate):
- `NodeSetToModelDesign` throws `InvalidOperationException` when the
file is not a NodeSet. Before, it threw a NullReferenceException on the
next line.
- `ModelDesignValidator` starts its lookup tables empty instead of null.
A redundant `if (m_nodes == null) return;` guard is gone.
- **Test code: minimal annotations.**
  - `?` on values that can be null, `!` where the test asserts non-null.
  - `= null!` for fixture members assigned in SetUp.
- `TryGetStructure<T>(out T? x)` where the inferred `T?` broke the
`IEncodeable` constraint.
- A few redundant `== null` checks on structs (`NodeId`, `ArrayOf<T>`)
folded into the adjacent `IsNull`/`Count` checks.

**Notes for reviewers**
- The diff is large (~1,500 files) but almost entirely mechanical: `?`,
`!` and directive removal. The non-annotation changes are listed above.
- Known follow-up, not done here:
`IModelDesign.Namespaces/TargetNamespace/NamespaceUris` stay
non-nullable even though the validator returns null before it loads a
dictionary. Making them nullable would ripple through every generator
call site.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4439

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

The "no new warnings" box covers net10.0 and net48: full non-incremental
builds of `UA.slnx`, `tools/SourceGeneration.slnx`,
`tools/MigrationAnalyzer.slnx` and the Aot test projects finished with 0
warnings and 0 errors under the repository's warnings-as-errors
settings. net9.0 and net8.0 also had no nullable diagnostics, but they
were not rebuilt after the final fixes. Tests have not been run locally
yet.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 08:48:13 +02:00

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XML

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
<IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
<AssemblyName>IntentEnabledRobot</AssemblyName>
<PackageId>IntentEnabledRobot</PackageId>
<Description>Minimal self-contained OPC UA Robot Intent server sample with a simulated UR5e-style arm and OpenUSD assets.</Description>
<RootNamespace>Robotics.IntentEnabledRobot</RootNamespace>
<NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CA1014;CA1822</NoWarn>
<PublishAot>true</PublishAot>
<EnableConfigurationBindingGenerator>true</EnableConfigurationBindingGenerator>
<!-- Pinned to net10.0, so it cannot take part directly in solution builds
pinned to a different CustomTestTarget. In legacy pins the referenced
libraries build for net48 while this project would
otherwise keep its net10.0 BCL surface, causing public polyfills such as
System.Threading.Lock or nullable attributes to collide. -->
<RestrictForLegacyTfm>true</RestrictForLegacyTfm>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.Configuration\Opc.Ua.Configuration.csproj" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.Server\Opc.Ua.Server.csproj" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.OpenUsd\Opc.Ua.OpenUsd.csproj" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.OpenUsd.Server\Opc.Ua.OpenUsd.Server.csproj" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.Robotics\Opc.Ua.Robotics.csproj" />
<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\src\Opc.Ua.Robotics.Server\Opc.Ua.Robotics.Server.csproj" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<InternalsVisibleTo Include="Opc.Ua.Robotics.Tests" />
<InternalsVisibleTo Include="Opc.Ua.OpenUsd.Tests" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<EmbeddedResource Include="Assets\arm.usda"><LogicalName>arm.usda</LogicalName></EmbeddedResource>
<EmbeddedResource Include="Assets\gripper.usda"><LogicalName>gripper.usda</LogicalName></EmbeddedResource>
<EmbeddedResource Include="Assets\Bench.usda"><LogicalName>Bench.usda</LogicalName></EmbeddedResource>
</ItemGroup>
</Project>