diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 1d1ee60c3..0374fc204 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ and adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- Framework name conventions for Django, FastAPI, Flask, ASP.NET, Gin, SwiftUI and Vapor now only pick a class the reference can see. Examples of these conventions are "a `…View` is a view", "a `…Service` is a service" and "a capitalized name is a model". The pick starts from the reference's own file and then its package, and never takes a class declared inside some function or nested in another file's class. Before, Django REST framework's tests linked each file's own `MockView` and `Serializer` to another file's, and netbox's tests linked `TestForm()` to a form declared inside a different test function.
 - In Rust projects, a struct, handler or service name no longer resolves to an item declared inside some function body, and a file's own item comes before any other crate's. Before, axum's examples' `Uri` linked to a `struct Uri` declared inside a routing test, tokio's runtime `Handle` linked to `tokio-test`'s, and ripgrep's `Glob { … }` in globset linked to the CLI flags' `Glob`.
 - A method that calls a same-named method on another expression's result is no longer linked to itself in any language. Examples are Scala's `requestToArmeria(request).execute()` inside `execute()`, Rust's `self.0.into_route(state)` inside `into_route()`, and Kotlin's `this@Buffer.write(…)` from an inner object. A value whose initializer chain calls a same-named method, like sttp's `val response = basicRequest.get(…).response(…)`, no longer links to itself either.
 - In Spring projects, a class name now resolves to the one in the reference's own file or package before any guess by folder convention. A class nested inside another file's class is never reached by its bare name. Before, every MyBatis `Example` class's `new Criteria()` in mall linked to the first `Example`'s nested `Criteria`, and halo's Lombok `@Builder` linked to a nested `Builder` class elsewhere.
diff --git a/__tests__/framework-name-heuristic-scope.test.ts b/__tests__/framework-name-heuristic-scope.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7457c2ea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/framework-name-heuristic-scope.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/**
+ * The framework resolvers' name heuristics ("a `…View` is a view under
+ * `/views/`", "a `…Form` is a form") pick only what the reference can see,
+ * starting from its own scope: never a class a test declares inside one of
+ * its functions (netbox's `TestForm`, DRF's `MockView`), its own file's
+ * first, then its package's, then a conventional folder's.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, afterAll, beforeAll } from 'vitest';
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+import * as os from 'os';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import { CodeGraph } from '../src';
+
+let root = '';
+let cg: CodeGraph;
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+  root = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'cg-fw-name-'));
+  const files: Record<string, string> = {
+    'manage.py': '',
+    'utilities/tests/test_forms.py': `class GetFieldValueTestCase:
+    def setUpTestData(self):
+        class TestForm:
+            pass
+        return TestForm()
+`,
+    'utilities/tests/test_templatetags.py': `def test_any_required():
+    return TestForm()
+`,
+    'tests/browsable_api/views.py': `class MockView:
+    pass
+`,
+    'tests/authentication/test_authentication.py': `class MockView:
+    pass
+
+
+def test_auth():
+    return MockView()
+`,
+  };
+  for (const [rel, content] of Object.entries(files)) {
+    fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(path.join(root, rel)), { recursive: true });
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(root, rel), content);
+  }
+  cg = await CodeGraph.init(root, { index: true });
+});
+
+afterAll(() => {
+  cg?.close();
+  if (root) fs.rmSync(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+const targetsFrom = (file: string) => {
+  const ids = cg.getNodesInFile(file).map((n) => n.id);
+  return cg.getOutgoingEdgesFrom(ids).filter((e) => e.kind === 'instantiates' || e.kind === 'calls' || e.kind === 'references')
+    .map((e) => cg.getNode(e.target)!).map((t) => `${t.filePath}:${t.qualifiedName}`);
+};
+
+describe('framework name heuristics', () => {
+  it('never pick a class declared inside another file’s function', () => {
+    expect(targetsFrom('utilities/tests/test_templatetags.py').filter((t) => t.includes('TestForm'))).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('take the reference’s own file first', () => {
+    expect(targetsFrom('tests/authentication/test_authentication.py').filter((t) => t.includes('MockView')))
+      .toEqual(['tests/authentication/test_authentication.py:MockView']);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/__tests__/frameworks.test.ts b/__tests__/frameworks.test.ts
index cc03c7702..940c5a006 100644
--- a/__tests__/frameworks.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/frameworks.test.ts
@@ -998,11 +998,11 @@ describe('springResolver.resolve — DI heuristics are gated to Java/Kotlin non-
   // hijack a Scala `extends X` to a same-named class found via directory
   // heuristics — inheritance must resolve through imports/name matching.
   const decoyNode: Node = {
-    id: 'class:src/test/model/ExtCustomer.java:ExtCustomer:3',
+    id: 'class:src/main/model/ExtCustomer.java:ExtCustomer:3',
     kind: 'class',
     name: 'ExtCustomer',
-    qualifiedName: 'src/test/model/ExtCustomer.java::ExtCustomer',
-    filePath: 'src/test/model/ExtCustomer.java',
+    qualifiedName: 'src/main/model/ExtCustomer.java::ExtCustomer',
+    filePath: 'src/main/model/ExtCustomer.java',
     language: 'java',
     startLine: 3,
     endLine: 10,
diff --git a/src/resolution/frameworks/csharp.ts b/src/resolution/frameworks/csharp.ts
index 51040c20b..a70daa4a9 100644
--- a/src/resolution/frameworks/csharp.ts
+++ b/src/resolution/frameworks/csharp.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import { Node } from '../../types';
 import { FrameworkResolver, UnresolvedRef, ResolvedRef, ResolutionContext } from '../types';
 import { stripCommentsForRegex } from '../strip-comments';
+import { pickByNameAndKind } from './name-heuristic';
 
 export const aspnetResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
   name: 'aspnet',
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ export const aspnetResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
   resolve(ref: UnresolvedRef, context: ResolutionContext): ResolvedRef | null {
     // Pattern 1: Controller references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Controller')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, CLASS_KINDS, CONTROLLER_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, CLASS_KINDS, CONTROLLER_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ export const aspnetResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 2: Service references (dependency injection)
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Service') || ref.referenceName.startsWith('I') && ref.referenceName.length > 1) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, SERVICE_KINDS, SERVICE_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, SERVICE_KINDS, SERVICE_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ export const aspnetResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 3: Repository references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Repository')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, SERVICE_KINDS, REPO_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, SERVICE_KINDS, REPO_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ export const aspnetResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 4: Model/Entity references
     if (/^[A-Z][a-zA-Z]+$/.test(ref.referenceName)) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, CLASS_KINDS, MODEL_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, CLASS_KINDS, MODEL_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ export const aspnetResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 5: ViewModel references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('ViewModel') || ref.referenceName.endsWith('Dto')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, CLASS_KINDS, VIEWMODEL_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, CLASS_KINDS, VIEWMODEL_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -410,28 +411,12 @@ const VIEWMODEL_DIRS = ['/ViewModels/', '/ViewModel/', '/DTOs/', '/Dto/'];
 const CLASS_KINDS = new Set(['class']);
 const SERVICE_KINDS = new Set(['class', 'interface']);
 
-/**
- * Resolve a symbol by name using indexed queries instead of scanning all files.
- */
+/** A framework name heuristic's pick (see name-heuristic.ts), preferring these folders. */
 function resolveByNameAndKind(
-  name: string,
+  ref: UnresolvedRef,
   kinds: Set<string>,
   preferredDirPatterns: string[],
   context: ResolutionContext,
 ): string | null {
-  const candidates = context.getNodesByName(name);
-  if (candidates.length === 0) return null;
-
-  const kindFiltered = candidates.filter((n) => kinds.has(n.kind));
-  if (kindFiltered.length === 0) return null;
-
-  // Prefer candidates in framework-conventional directories
-  const preferred = kindFiltered.filter((n) =>
-    preferredDirPatterns.some((d) => n.filePath.includes(d))
-  );
-
-  if (preferred.length > 0) return preferred[0]!.id;
-
-  // Fall back to any match
-  return kindFiltered[0]!.id;
+  return pickByNameAndKind(ref, kinds, (f) => preferredDirPatterns.some((d) => f.includes(d)), context);
 }
diff --git a/src/resolution/frameworks/go.ts b/src/resolution/frameworks/go.ts
index 168d4b22c..5e819060e 100644
--- a/src/resolution/frameworks/go.ts
+++ b/src/resolution/frameworks/go.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import { Node } from '../../types';
 import { FrameworkResolver, UnresolvedRef, ResolvedRef, ResolutionContext } from '../types';
 import { stripCommentsForRegex } from '../strip-comments';
+import { pickByNameAndKind } from './name-heuristic';
 
 export const goResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
   name: 'go',
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ export const goResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
   resolve(ref: UnresolvedRef, context: ResolutionContext): ResolvedRef | null {
     // Pattern 1: Handler references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Handler') || ref.referenceName.startsWith('Handle')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, 'function', HANDLER_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, 'function', HANDLER_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ export const goResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 2: Service/Repository references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Service') || ref.referenceName.endsWith('Repository') || ref.referenceName.endsWith('Store')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, null, SERVICE_DIRS, context, SERVICE_KINDS);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, null, SERVICE_DIRS, context, SERVICE_KINDS);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ export const goResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 3: Middleware references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Middleware') || ref.referenceName.startsWith('Auth') || ref.referenceName.startsWith('Log')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, 'function', MIDDLEWARE_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, 'function', MIDDLEWARE_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ export const goResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 4: Model/Entity references (typically PascalCase structs)
     if (/^[A-Z][a-zA-Z]+$/.test(ref.referenceName)) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, 'struct', MODEL_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, 'struct', MODEL_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -172,36 +173,17 @@ const MIDDLEWARE_DIRS = ['middleware', 'middlewares'];
 const MODEL_DIRS = ['model', 'models', 'entity', 'entities', 'domain', 'pkg'];
 const SERVICE_KINDS = new Set(['struct', 'interface']);
 
-/**
- * Resolve a symbol by name using indexed queries instead of scanning all files.
- * Uses getNodesByName (O(log n) indexed lookup) instead of iterating every file.
- */
+/** A framework name heuristic's pick (see name-heuristic.ts), preferring these folders. */
 function resolveByNameAndKind(
-  name: string,
+  ref: UnresolvedRef,
   kind: string | null,
   preferredDirs: string[],
   context: ResolutionContext,
   kinds?: Set<string>
 ): string | null {
-  const candidates = context.getNodesByName(name);
-  if (candidates.length === 0) return null;
-
-  // Filter by kind
-  const kindFiltered = candidates.filter((n) => {
-    if (kinds) return kinds.has(n.kind);
-    if (kind) return n.kind === kind;
-    return true;
-  });
-
-  if (kindFiltered.length === 0) return null;
-
-  // Prefer candidates in framework-conventional directories
-  const preferred = kindFiltered.filter((n) =>
-    preferredDirs.some((d) => n.filePath.includes(`/${d}/`))
-  );
-
-  if (preferred.length > 0) return preferred[0]!.id;
-
-  // Fall back to any match
-  return kindFiltered[0]!.id;
+  const allowed: ReadonlySet<string> = kinds ?? (kind ? new Set([kind]) : GO_NAMED_KINDS);
+  return pickByNameAndKind(ref, allowed, (f) => preferredDirs.some((d) => f.includes(`/${d}/`)), context);
 }
+
+/** Any declaration a name can be (the heuristic with no kind). */
+const GO_NAMED_KINDS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(['function', 'method', 'struct', 'interface', 'type_alias', 'variable', 'constant']);
diff --git a/src/resolution/frameworks/java.ts b/src/resolution/frameworks/java.ts
index 3e1b7d605..1759b4ea5 100644
--- a/src/resolution/frameworks/java.ts
+++ b/src/resolution/frameworks/java.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import { Node } from '../../types';
 import { FrameworkResolver, UnresolvedRef, ResolvedRef, ResolutionContext } from '../types';
 import { stripCommentsForRegex } from '../strip-comments';
+import { pickByNameAndKind } from './name-heuristic';
 
 export const springResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
   name: 'spring',
@@ -553,48 +554,13 @@ function joinPath(prefix: string, sub: string): string {
   return '/' + parts.join('/');
 }
 
-/**
- * Resolve a symbol by name using indexed queries instead of scanning all files.
- * What the reference's own scope declares comes first — its file, then its
- * package (directory) — and a class nested in another file's class is out of
- * reach by its bare name: every MyBatis `XExample` declares its own nested
- * `Criteria`, and mall's 8,747 `new Criteria()` went to the first one.
- */
+/** A framework name heuristic's pick (see name-heuristic.ts), preferring these folders. */
 function resolveByNameAndKind(
   ref: UnresolvedRef,
   kinds: Set<string>,
   preferredDirPatterns: string[],
   context: ResolutionContext,
 ): string | null {
-  const candidates = context.getNodesByName(ref.referenceName);
-  if (candidates.length === 0) return null;
-
-  const kindFiltered = candidates.filter((n) => kinds.has(n.kind) &&
-    (n.filePath === ref.filePath || !isNestedType(n, context)));
-  if (kindFiltered.length === 0) return null;
-
-  const sameFile = kindFiltered.find((n) => n.filePath === ref.filePath);
-  if (sameFile) return sameFile.id;
-  const dir = ref.filePath.slice(0, ref.filePath.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
-  const samePackage = kindFiltered.find((n) => n.filePath.startsWith(dir) && !n.filePath.slice(dir.length).includes('/'));
-  if (samePackage) return samePackage.id;
-
-  // Prefer candidates in framework-conventional directories
-  const preferred = kindFiltered.filter((n) =>
-    preferredDirPatterns.some((d) => n.filePath.includes(d))
-  );
-
-  if (preferred.length > 0) return preferred[0]!.id;
-
-  // Fall back to any match
-  return kindFiltered[0]!.id;
+  return pickByNameAndKind(ref, kinds, (f) => preferredDirPatterns.some((d) => f.includes(d)), context);
 }
 
-/** Whether a JVM type is declared inside another type of its file. */
-function isNestedType(n: Node, context: ResolutionContext): boolean {
-  const cut = n.qualifiedName.lastIndexOf('::');
-  if (cut < 0) return false;
-  const owner = n.qualifiedName.slice(0, cut);
-  return context.getNodesInFile(n.filePath).some((p) =>
-    p.qualifiedName === owner && (p.kind === 'class' || p.kind === 'interface' || p.kind === 'enum' || p.kind === 'struct' || p.kind === 'trait'));
-}
diff --git a/src/resolution/frameworks/name-heuristic.ts b/src/resolution/frameworks/name-heuristic.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b06843a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/resolution/frameworks/name-heuristic.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+ * The shared pick behind the framework resolvers' name heuristics — "a
+ * `…Service` is a class under `/services/`", "a PascalCase name is a model
+ * under `/models/`", "`router` is a FastAPI router under `/routers/`".
+ *
+ * Each resolver used to take the FIRST same-named node of the right kind,
+ * preferring a conventional folder, and that heuristic outranks name matching
+ * on a tie. So every MyBatis `XExample`'s `new Criteria()` in mall went to the
+ * first `Example`'s nested `Criteria`, and axum's examples' `Uri` to a struct a
+ * routing test declares inside itself. The pick now considers only what the
+ * reference can see, and starts from its own scope.
+ */
+import { Node } from '../../types';
+import { UnresolvedRef, ResolutionContext } from '../types';
+import { isLexicallyReachable, isVisibleAcrossFiles } from '../name-matcher';
+
+/** Node kinds a nested type can be declared in. */
+const TYPE_OWNER_KINDS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(['class', 'struct', 'interface', 'enum', 'trait', 'protocol', 'record']);
+
+export interface NamePickOptions {
+  /**
+   * Whether a file in the reference's directory comes before the conventional
+   * folders — its package (JVM, Go, C#, Python). Not for Rust, where a sibling
+   * file is another module, reached only through a `use`.
+   */
+  sameDirectory?: boolean;
+  /** A language's own scope rule over the candidates (Rust's `use` / module paths). */
+  accept?: (n: Node) => boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The id of the node named `ref.referenceName`, of one of `kinds`, that the
+ * reference can see: never a declaration inside some function body, never a
+ * type nested in another file's type (a nested type is reached by its bare
+ * name only from inside its owner), never one the language keeps out of the
+ * reference's file (a `private` member, an unexported Go name, a C# namespace
+ * the file does not use, a test suite from production code). Its own file's
+ * first, then (by default) its directory's, then a conventional folder's.
+ */
+export function pickByNameAndKind(
+  ref: UnresolvedRef,
+  kinds: ReadonlySet<string>,
+  inPreferredDir: (filePath: string) => boolean,
+  context: ResolutionContext,
+  options: NamePickOptions = {},
+): string | null {
+  const candidates = context.getNodesByName(ref.referenceName).filter((n) =>
+    kinds.has(n.kind) &&
+    isLexicallyReachable(n, ref, context) &&
+    (n.filePath === ref.filePath || (!isNestedType(n, context) && isVisibleAcrossFiles(n, ref, context))) &&
+    (!options.accept || options.accept(n)));
+  if (candidates.length === 0) return null;
+
+  const sameFile = candidates.find((n) => n.filePath === ref.filePath);
+  if (sameFile) return sameFile.id;
+  if (options.sameDirectory !== false) {
+    const dir = ref.filePath.slice(0, ref.filePath.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
+    const sameDir = candidates.find((n) => n.filePath.startsWith(dir) && !n.filePath.slice(dir.length).includes('/'));
+    if (sameDir) return sameDir.id;
+  }
+  return (candidates.find((n) => inPreferredDir(n.filePath)) ?? candidates[0]!).id;
+}
+
+/** Whether a node is declared inside a type of its own file. */
+function isNestedType(n: Node, context: ResolutionContext): boolean {
+  const cut = n.qualifiedName.lastIndexOf('::');
+  if (cut < 0) return false;
+  const owner = n.qualifiedName.slice(0, cut);
+  return context.getNodesInFile(n.filePath).some((p) => p.qualifiedName === owner && TYPE_OWNER_KINDS.has(p.kind));
+}
diff --git a/src/resolution/frameworks/python.ts b/src/resolution/frameworks/python.ts
index 7ef69f0df..777016f2a 100644
--- a/src/resolution/frameworks/python.ts
+++ b/src/resolution/frameworks/python.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { Node } from '../../types';
 import { FrameworkResolver, UnresolvedRef, ResolutionContext, FrameworkExtractionResult } from '../types';
 import { stripCommentsForRegex } from '../strip-comments';
 import { resolveImportPath } from '../import-resolver';
+import { pickByNameAndKind } from './name-heuristic';
 
 export const djangoResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
   name: 'django',
@@ -25,15 +26,15 @@ export const djangoResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
   resolve(ref, context) {
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Model') || /^[A-Z][a-z]+$/.test(ref.referenceName)) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, CLASS_KINDS, MODEL_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, CLASS_KINDS, MODEL_DIRS, context);
       if (result) return { original: ref, targetNodeId: result, confidence: 0.8, resolvedBy: 'framework' };
     }
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('View') || ref.referenceName.endsWith('ViewSet')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, VIEW_KINDS, VIEW_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, VIEW_KINDS, VIEW_DIRS, context);
       if (result) return { original: ref, targetNodeId: result, confidence: 0.8, resolvedBy: 'framework' };
     }
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Form')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, CLASS_KINDS, FORM_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, CLASS_KINDS, FORM_DIRS, context);
       if (result) return { original: ref, targetNodeId: result, confidence: 0.8, resolvedBy: 'framework' };
     }
     // ORM dynamic dispatch: QuerySet._fetch_all (and siblings) call
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ export const flaskResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
   resolve(ref, context) {
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('_bp') || ref.referenceName.endsWith('_blueprint')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, VARIABLE_KINDS, [], context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, VARIABLE_KINDS, [], context);
       if (result) return { original: ref, targetNodeId: result, confidence: 0.8, resolvedBy: 'framework' };
     }
     return null;
@@ -265,11 +266,11 @@ export const fastapiResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
   resolve(ref, context) {
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('_router') || ref.referenceName === 'router') {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, VARIABLE_KINDS, ROUTER_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, VARIABLE_KINDS, ROUTER_DIRS, context);
       if (result) return { original: ref, targetNodeId: result, confidence: 0.8, resolvedBy: 'framework' };
     }
     if (ref.referenceName.startsWith('get_') || ref.referenceName.startsWith('Depends')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, FUNCTION_KINDS, DEP_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, FUNCTION_KINDS, DEP_DIRS, context);
       if (result) return { original: ref, targetNodeId: result, confidence: 0.75, resolvedBy: 'framework' };
     }
     return null;
@@ -640,29 +641,12 @@ const VIEW_KINDS = new Set(['class', 'function']);
 const VARIABLE_KINDS = new Set(['variable']);
 const FUNCTION_KINDS = new Set(['function']);
 
-/**
- * Resolve a symbol by name using indexed queries instead of scanning all files.
- */
+/** A framework name heuristic's pick (see name-heuristic.ts), preferring these folders. */
 function resolveByNameAndKind(
-  name: string,
+  ref: UnresolvedRef,
   kinds: Set<string>,
   preferredDirPatterns: string[],
   context: ResolutionContext,
 ): string | null {
-  const candidates = context.getNodesByName(name);
-  if (candidates.length === 0) return null;
-
-  const kindFiltered = candidates.filter((n) => kinds.has(n.kind));
-  if (kindFiltered.length === 0) return null;
-
-  // Prefer candidates in framework-conventional directories
-  if (preferredDirPatterns.length > 0) {
-    const preferred = kindFiltered.filter((n) =>
-      preferredDirPatterns.some((d) => n.filePath.includes(d))
-    );
-    if (preferred.length > 0) return preferred[0]!.id;
-  }
-
-  // Fall back to any match
-  return kindFiltered[0]!.id;
+  return pickByNameAndKind(ref, kinds, (f) => preferredDirPatterns.some((d) => f.includes(d)), context);
 }
diff --git a/src/resolution/frameworks/rust.ts b/src/resolution/frameworks/rust.ts
index f7e79927a..1fa4f79d1 100644
--- a/src/resolution/frameworks/rust.ts
+++ b/src/resolution/frameworks/rust.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import { Node } from '../../types';
 import { FrameworkResolver, UnresolvedRef, ResolvedRef, ResolutionContext } from '../types';
 import { stripCommentsForRegex } from '../strip-comments';
 import { getCargoWorkspaceCrateMap } from './cargo-workspace';
-import { isRustNameInScope, isLexicallyReachable } from '../name-matcher';
+import { isRustNameInScope } from '../name-matcher';
+import { pickByNameAndKind } from './name-heuristic';
 
 /**
  * Whether the item a name heuristic found is one the reference can name:
@@ -288,43 +289,18 @@ function findMatchingParen(s: string, openIdx: number): number {
   return -1;
 }
 
-/**
- * Resolve a symbol by name using indexed queries instead of scanning all files.
- */
-/**
- * The same-named item of these kinds that the reference can see — in scope
- * by its `use`s and module paths, and not declared inside some function body
- * (axum's examples' `Uri`, imported from `http`, went to a `struct Uri` a
- * routing test declares inside itself) — its own file's first, then a
- * framework-conventional directory's.
- */
+/** A framework name heuristic's pick (see name-heuristic.ts): in scope by its `use`s and module paths. */
 function resolveByNameAndKind(
   ref: UnresolvedRef,
   kinds: Set<string>,
   preferredDirPatterns: string[],
   context: ResolutionContext,
 ): string | null {
-  const candidates = context.getNodesByName(ref.referenceName);
-  if (candidates.length === 0) return null;
-
-  const kindFiltered = candidates.filter((n) => kinds.has(n.kind) &&
-    isLexicallyReachable(n, ref, context) && isRustNameInScope(n, ref, context));
-  if (kindFiltered.length === 0) return null;
-
-  // The file is a module: its own items are in scope. A sibling file is
-  // another module, reached only through a `use` — no nearer than any other.
-  const sameFile = kindFiltered.find((n) => n.filePath === ref.filePath);
-  if (sameFile) return sameFile.id;
-
-  // Prefer candidates in framework-conventional directories
-  const preferred = kindFiltered.filter((n) =>
-    preferredDirPatterns.some((d) => n.filePath.includes(d))
-  );
-
-  if (preferred.length > 0) return preferred[0]!.id;
-
-  // Fall back to any match
-  return kindFiltered[0]!.id;
+  return pickByNameAndKind(ref, kinds, (f) => preferredDirPatterns.some((d) => f.includes(d)), context, {
+    // The file is a module: a sibling file is another one, reached only through a `use`.
+    sameDirectory: false,
+    accept: (n) => isRustNameInScope(n, ref, context),
+  });
 }
 
 interface ModuleResolution {
diff --git a/src/resolution/frameworks/swift.ts b/src/resolution/frameworks/swift.ts
index 8c91bf95d..5702aef4a 100644
--- a/src/resolution/frameworks/swift.ts
+++ b/src/resolution/frameworks/swift.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import { Node } from '../../types';
 import { FrameworkResolver, UnresolvedRef, ResolvedRef, ResolutionContext } from '../types';
 import { stripCommentsForRegex } from '../strip-comments';
+import { pickByNameAndKind } from './name-heuristic';
 
 // No extract(): a SwiftUI view is its own struct node, and a UIKit controller
 // its class. A one-line `component`/`class` twin per `struct X: View` (and per
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ export const swiftUIResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
   resolve(ref: UnresolvedRef, context: ResolutionContext): ResolvedRef | null {
     // Pattern 1: View references (SwiftUI views are PascalCase ending in View)
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('View') && /^[A-Z]/.test(ref.referenceName)) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, VIEW_KINDS, VIEW_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, VIEW_KINDS, VIEW_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ export const swiftUIResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 2: ViewModel/ObservableObject references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('ViewModel') || ref.referenceName.endsWith('Store') || ref.referenceName.endsWith('Manager')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, CLASS_KINDS, VIEWMODEL_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, CLASS_KINDS, VIEWMODEL_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ export const swiftUIResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 3: Model references
     if (/^[A-Z][a-zA-Z]+$/.test(ref.referenceName)) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, MODEL_KINDS, MODEL_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, MODEL_KINDS, MODEL_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ export const uikitResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
   resolve(ref: UnresolvedRef, context: ResolutionContext): ResolvedRef | null {
     // Pattern 1: ViewController references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('ViewController')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, CLASS_KINDS, VC_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, CLASS_KINDS, VC_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ export const uikitResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 2: UIView subclass references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('View') && !ref.referenceName.endsWith('ViewController')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, CLASS_KINDS, UIVIEW_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, CLASS_KINDS, UIVIEW_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ export const uikitResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 3: Cell references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Cell')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, CLASS_KINDS, CELL_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, CLASS_KINDS, CELL_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ export const uikitResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 4: Delegate/DataSource references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Delegate') || ref.referenceName.endsWith('DataSource')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, PROTOCOL_KINDS, [], context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, PROTOCOL_KINDS, [], context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ export const vaporResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 1: Controller references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Controller')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, VAPOR_CONTROLLER_KINDS, VAPOR_CONTROLLER_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, VAPOR_CONTROLLER_KINDS, VAPOR_CONTROLLER_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ export const vaporResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 2: Model references (Fluent)
     if (/^[A-Z][a-zA-Z]+$/.test(ref.referenceName)) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, CLASS_KINDS, FLUENT_MODEL_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, CLASS_KINDS, FLUENT_MODEL_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ export const vaporResolver: FrameworkResolver = {
 
     // Pattern 3: Middleware references
     if (ref.referenceName.endsWith('Middleware')) {
-      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref.referenceName, VAPOR_CONTROLLER_KINDS, VAPOR_MIDDLEWARE_DIRS, context);
+      const result = resolveByNameAndKind(ref, VAPOR_CONTROLLER_KINDS, VAPOR_MIDDLEWARE_DIRS, context);
       if (result) {
         return {
           original: ref,
@@ -495,29 +496,12 @@ const MODEL_KINDS = new Set(['struct', 'class']);
 const PROTOCOL_KINDS = new Set(['protocol']);
 const VAPOR_CONTROLLER_KINDS = new Set(['class', 'struct']);
 
-/**
- * Resolve a symbol by name using indexed queries instead of scanning all files.
- */
+/** A framework name heuristic's pick (see name-heuristic.ts), preferring these folders. */
 function resolveByNameAndKind(
-  name: string,
+  ref: UnresolvedRef,
   kinds: Set<string>,
   preferredDirPatterns: string[],
   context: ResolutionContext,
 ): string | null {
-  const candidates = context.getNodesByName(name);
-  if (candidates.length === 0) return null;
-
-  const kindFiltered = candidates.filter((n) => kinds.has(n.kind));
-  if (kindFiltered.length === 0) return null;
-
-  // Prefer candidates in framework-conventional directories
-  if (preferredDirPatterns.length > 0) {
-    const preferred = kindFiltered.filter((n) =>
-      preferredDirPatterns.some((d) => n.filePath.includes(d))
-    );
-    if (preferred.length > 0) return preferred[0]!.id;
-  }
-
-  // Fall back to any match
-  return kindFiltered[0]!.id;
+  return pickByNameAndKind(ref, kinds, (f) => preferredDirPatterns.some((d) => f.includes(d)), context);
 }