diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index b71a8a17d..e2980670b 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ and adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- A call on a variable declared with a type from outside the project (`List<String> list`, `var sb = new StringBuilder()`, `signer = TimestampSigner()`) no longer lands on a project type's method with the same name. On gson, `list.add(…)` used to land on a project list wrapper; on commons-lang, `s.length()` and `buffer.append(…)` on project classes. In Python, a keyword argument inside a call (`prefix=IPNetwork(…)`) is no longer taken for an assignment to that name.
 - Kotlin classes whose primary constructor sits on the line after the class name, before a supertype list (`expect open class ByteString` / `internal constructor(…) : Comparable<ByteString>`, common in Kotlin Multiplatform code), no longer lose their members to loose functions. A call later in a chain to a Kotlin standard-library function (`apply`, `let`, `toString`, `map`, `contains`…) no longer lands on a project type's same-named method. On okhttp, `.apply { … }` used to land on `ConnectionSpec.apply`. Re-index after upgrading.
 - In Rust and Go, a call later in a chain, like `sym.filename().map(…)` or `c.Flags().String(…)`, no longer lands on the project's own method of that name when the name is a standard-library one (`unwrap`, `clone`, `map`, `iter`, Go's `String` or `Error`). A plain call like `get(handler)` or `drop(x)` never lands on a method. On tokio, `.map(…)` on an `Option` used to land on `MutexGuard::map`; on axum, the router's `get(handler)` on a cookie jar's `get`; on ripgrep, `.clone()` on an error type.
 - A call on a type from outside the project, like `Integer.valueOf(…)`, `Arrays.asList(…)`, `Object.assign(…)` or Delphi's `Exception.Create(…)`, no longer lands on the project's own method with that name. On commons-lang, `Integer.valueOf` used to land on `StringUtils.valueOf` over 800 times. Go's exported variables and Pascal's capitalized parameters and locals are not mistaken for type names.
diff --git a/__tests__/external-declared-receiver.test.ts b/__tests__/external-declared-receiver.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2f035f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/external-declared-receiver.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/**
+ * A receiver whose declared type is one the project doesn't declare —
+ * `List<String> list`, `var sb = new StringBuilder()` — calls that outside
+ * type's method, never a project type's same-named one: gson's `list.add(…)`
+ * went to a project list wrapper's `add`, commons-lang's `s.length()` to a
+ * writer's. A Python keyword argument (`prefix=IPNetwork(…),` inside a call)
+ * is not a binding of `prefix`.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, afterAll, beforeAll } from 'vitest';
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+import * as os from 'os';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import { CodeGraph } from '../src';
+
+let root = '';
+let cg: CodeGraph;
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+  root = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'cg-external-declared-'));
+  const files: Record<string, string> = {
+    'src/main/java/app/NonNullElementWrapperList.java': `package app;
+public class NonNullElementWrapperList {
+  public boolean add(Object o) { return true; }
+}
+`,
+    'src/main/java/app/Use.java': `package app;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+public class Use {
+  public void run() {
+    List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
+    list.add("x");
+  }
+}
+`,
+    'app/models.py': `class Prefix:
+    def get_available_ip_count(self):
+        return 0
+`,
+    'app/tests.py': `from app.models import Prefix
+from netaddr import IPNetwork
+
+
+def test_count():
+    prefix = Prefix(
+        prefix=IPNetwork('192.0.2.0/24'),
+    )
+    return prefix.get_available_ip_count()
+`,
+  };
+  for (const [rel, content] of Object.entries(files)) {
+    fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(path.join(root, rel)), { recursive: true });
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(root, rel), content);
+  }
+  cg = await CodeGraph.init(root, { index: true });
+});
+
+afterAll(() => {
+  cg?.close();
+  if (root) fs.rmSync(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+const callsIn = (file: string, fn: string): string[] => {
+  const node = cg.getNodesInFile(file).find((n) => n.name === fn)!;
+  return cg.getOutgoingEdges(node.id).filter((e) => e.kind === 'calls').map((e) => cg.getNode(e.target)!.qualifiedName);
+};
+
+describe('a receiver declared with an outside type', () => {
+  it('Java: `List<String> list` calls List.add, not a project class’s add', () => {
+    expect(callsIn('src/main/java/app/Use.java', 'run').some((t) => t.endsWith('NonNullElementWrapperList::add'))).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('Python: a keyword argument is not the receiver’s binding', () => {
+    expect(callsIn('app/tests.py', 'test_count').some((t) => t.endsWith('Prefix::get_available_ip_count'))).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/resolution/name-matcher.ts b/src/resolution/name-matcher.ts
index e0244cbdd..7d9d0bff3 100644
--- a/src/resolution/name-matcher.ts
+++ b/src/resolution/name-matcher.ts
@@ -3984,7 +3984,9 @@ function buildLocalReceiverTypePatterns(language: Language, r: string): RegExp[]
       ];
     case 'python':
       return [
-        new RegExp(`\\b${r}\\b\\s*=\\s*([A-Z][\\w.]*)\\s*\\(`), // lg = Logger(...)
+        // lg = Logger(...) — a statement of its own: `prefix=IPNetwork(…),`
+        // inside a call's arguments is a keyword argument, not a binding.
+        new RegExp(`(?:^|;)\\s*${r}\\s*=(?!=)\\s*([A-Z][\\w.]*)\\s*\\((?![^\\n]*,\\s*$)`),
         // A quoted forward reference (`lg: "Logger"`, `lg: 'pkg.Logger'`) is the
         // same annotation — and what every file under `from __future__ import
         // annotations` or with a not-yet-defined class writes. The unquoted
@@ -4681,6 +4683,17 @@ export function matchMethodCall(
       ) {
         return null;
       }
+      // The receiver's declared type is one the project doesn't declare —
+      // `List<Roshambo> list`, `String s`, `val sb = StringBuilder()` — so the
+      // method is that outside type's. gson's `list.add(…)` went to a project
+      // list wrapper's `add`, commons-lang's `s.length()` to a writer's.
+      // (Only a type name — `java.util.List`, not a call chain like Python's
+      // `Device.objects.create(…)` the initializer pattern also captures.)
+      const typeName = inferredType.split('.').pop()!;
+      if (/^[A-Z]/.test(typeName) &&
+          !context.getNodesByName(typeName).some((n) => isMethodOwnerKind(n) && sameLanguageFamily(n.language, ref.language))) {
+        return null;
+      }
     }
   }