2759 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
romanett 07e62f7250 Merge master into release/2.0 and set version 2.0.1 (#4740)
Release commit for **2.0.1** (Patch release procedure,
`docs/ReleaseProcess.md`).

- Merges `master` (up to 373aced37, #4734) into `release/2.0` — 33
commits; merged cleanly with no conflicts.
- Sets `version.json` to `"2.0.1"`. This skips the
`2.0.1-preview.{height}` stabilization step on the release branch, so no
`2.0.1-preview.N` was built from it.

The only differences from `master` are the release-only changes already
on `release/2.0` (preview ordering exemptions from #4691) and the
version.

Preview-number check: a stable candidate pins the preview-only families
to `2.0.1-preview.200` (`PreviewPackageBuildNumber` = 200). nuget.org
tops out at `2.0.0-preview.200`, and master's `2.0.1-preview.{height}`
builds are at height ~37, so 200 still has headroom.
`validate-preview-package-ordering.ps1` re-checks this in the candidate
run.

**Merge with "Create a merge commit" (not squash)** to keep master's
history on the release line for future merges.

After merge: candidate `nuget-publish.yml` run → `release.yml` dry run →
approved promotion → advance `release/2.0` to `2.0.2-preview.{height}`.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)
2.0.1
2026-10-11 22:13:57 +02:00
Roman Ettlinger c31abbd431 Set release/2.0 to stable 2.0.1
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-11 21:16:18 +02:00
Roman Ettlinger f5cac9bf8a Merge master into release/2.0 for 2.0.1 2026-10-11 21:15:48 +02:00
Copilot 373aced378 Add README status badges for scheduled CI workflows (#4734)
# Description

This adds `README.md` status badges for the five scheduled workflows.
Until now, the README had no badges for them.

| Badge | Workflow | Schedule |
|---|---|---|
| Nightly | `nightly.yml` | Weekly, Sun 02:00 UTC |
| Stress Tests | `stress-test.yml` | Daily 03:00 UTC |
| Connection Stability | `stability-test.yml` | Daily 02:00 UTC |
| Foreign Interop | `interop-foreign.yml` | Daily 03:17 UTC |
| HA Long-Haul | `sample-ha-longhaul.yml` | Weekly, Sun 04:00 UTC |

- Each badge uses `?branch=master&event=schedule`, so it shows only the
result of scheduled runs on `master`. Manual (`workflow_dispatch`) runs
and PR runs don't change the badge.
- Each badge links to that workflow's run list, filtered by
`branch:master event:schedule`.
- The badges go after the existing CI / CodeQL / Coverage badges.
- CodeQL also runs on a schedule, but its existing badge stays as it was
and still covers all runs on `master`.

```markdown
[![Nightly](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/workflows/nightly.yml/badge.svg?branch=master&event=schedule)](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/workflows/nightly.yml?query=branch%3Amaster+event%3Aschedule)
```

## Related Issues

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: romanett <7413710+romanett@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-11 17:41:17 +00:00
Marc Schier 5e71e2243c Test that a secured connection refuses its JSON metadata announcement (#4724)
# Description

#4712 makes a connection configured for message security send its
DataSetMetaData announcement through the connection's security step, so
the announcement is never sent unsecured. Its tests cover the UADP
announcement. This adds the JSON case.

The UADP security wrapper cannot protect a JSON message, so a connection
whose WriterGroup uses `SignAndEncrypt` must refuse the JSON metadata
announcement rather than publish the DataSet layout in plaintext.
`MetaDataPublisherTests.JsonAnnouncementOfASecuredWriterGroupIsRefusedAsync`
checks that nothing is published on the metadata topic and that the
refusal is counted in `EncryptionErrors`. `PubSubApplication.StartAsync`
returns after the initial announcement was sent or refused, so the check
needs no wait.

The test covers the fail-closed branch of
`PubSubConnection.EncodeOutboundAsync` and the refused-send return of
`SendNetworkMessageAsync`, two of the three changed lines the
patch-coverage report of #4712 listed as uncovered. Test-only change.

Review: the test double `RecordingTransport` guards its recorded sends
with a private `System.Threading.Lock` and exposes `SendCount` and
`GetSendsSnapshot()`, so the tests no longer lock the list itself
(b7e0ba4b1).

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net10.0 --filter
"Name~JsonAnnouncementOfASecuredWriterGroupIsRefusedAsync"` with the
fail-closed branch of `EncodeOutboundAsync` temporarily removed | Fails:
`Expected: no item String containing "/metadata/"`, but the announcement
was published on `opcua/json/metadata/p17/7/42` |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net10.0` | 1499 passed, 1
skipped |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net48 --filter
FullyQualifiedName~MetaDataPublisherTests` | 10 passed |
| On the merged head with the lock change (07142f7b3):
`MetaDataPublisherTests` on net10.0 (3 runs) and net48; the full
`Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests` on net10.0 | 10 passed each; 1498 passed, 2
skipped (the UDP multicast loopback tests, which skip when loopback is
not available) |

## Related Issues

- Follow-up to #4712.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-11 14:04:59 +02:00
romanett b25429bccc Client: cut per-request allocation and CPU in the channel and session; measure the client in the load harness (#4720)
Follows #4707 (replaces #4714, which closed when the #4707 branch was
deleted). Profiling the client process under load showed per-request
allocation spread over the channel write path, the response wait,
per-chunk header encoders and an AES instance per message, plus a stack
walk per service call. This PR removes them and extends the load harness
to measure the client.

## Results

Paired A/B against the #4707 head, the server work now on master (3
alternating rounds, medians, 20 sessions unless noted, workstation GC on
both sides, 24-core machine). Client = the harness process, server = the
reference server child.

| Scenario | Throughput | p50 | p90 | Client CPU / op | Client alloc /
op | Server alloc / op |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Read, 1 value | **+21%** (141k → 170k req/s) | −9% | −11% | −13% |
−46% (4.5 → 2.4 KB) | −20% |
| Read, 1 value, ManagedSession | **+18%** | −9% | −12% | −18% | −44% |
−20% |
| Read, 1 value, SignAndEncrypt | **+28%** | −14% | −20% | −24% | −52% |
−26% |
| Read, 1 value, 200 sessions | **+29%** | −11% | −17% | −17% | −46% |
−20% |
| Read, 100 values | +5% | −2% | −3% | −6% | −44% (15.6 → 8.8 KB) | −2%
|
| Read, 100 values, SignAndEncrypt | +8% | −7% | −2% | −2% | −46% | −3%
|
| Write, 100 values | ±0 | ≈ | ≈ | −14% | **−63%** (10.8 → 4.0 KB) | −2%
|
| Browse (Server object) | **+12%** | −7% | −11% | −19% | −17% | −12% |
| Data changes, classic fast callback | ±0 ¹ | ≈ | ≈ | −21% | −10% | −5%
|
| Data changes, classic item events | ±0 ¹ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ ² | −7% | −5% |
| Data changes, ManagedSession (V2) | ±0 ¹ | ≈ | ≈ | ±0 | −5% | −5% |
| Data changes, SignAndEncrypt | ±0 ¹ | ≈ | ≈ | −22% | −14% | −7% |

¹ Throughput is bounded by the writer rate; latency is dominated by the
100 ms publishing interval. Per notification the client uses about 2 µs
and 170–260 B.
² The client uses 0.2–0.4 cores in the subscription scenarios; the CPU
per notification is within run-to-run noise there.

Client GC pause time in the window drops 38–66% in the Read and Write
scenarios (17% for Browse). About 70% of the remaining client CPU per
small request is kernel time in loopback socket send/receive.

## Changes

- **Activity source**: `Session`, `SessionClientBatched`, the classic
`Subscription` and `ClassicSubscriptionEngine`, and the TCP/HTTPS client
channels resolve their `ActivitySource` once.
`TelemetryExtensions.StartActivity` called
`Assembly.GetCallingAssembly()` (a stack walk) on every service call,
~8% of client CPU.
- **Channel write queue** (`UaSCUaBinaryChannel`, client and server): an
ordered queue drained by one thread-pool writer replaces the per-write
`ContinueWith`/`Unwrap`/trailing continuation chain. The writer is
queued to the issuing thread's local pool queue, like the task
continuation was (queuing it globally cost ~15 µs of p50 in a first
iteration). Successful writes are reported inline instead of through
`Task.Run`; failed writes still go through the pool. The client channel
enters its gate only for a failed write instead of on every write
completion.
- **`TcpByteTransport`**: no linked `CancellationTokenSource` when the
caller's token cannot be cancelled (the channel always passes `None`); a
single-chunk `BufferCollection` uses the `ReadOnlyMemory` send instead
of the vectored `Task<int>` send; `PoolingAsyncValueTaskMethodBuilder`
on .NET 6+ for the receive/send state machines; no closure per vectored
send.
- **`BinaryEncoder.GetNodeIdEncoding`**: `Convert.ToUInt32(uint,
IFormatProvider)` bound to the `object` overload and
`Convert.ToByte(enum, ...)` boxed the enum, two boxes per encoded
NodeId. 44% of the client allocation of a 100-value Read; the server
encodes NodeIds the same way.
- **Symmetric chunk headers**: the 24 header bytes are written and read
with `BinaryPrimitives` instead of a `MemoryStream` +
`BinaryEncoder`/`BinaryWriter` (send) and `BinaryDecoder`/`BinaryReader`
(receive) per chunk. A chunk too short for a field still gets the
decoder's `BadDecodingError`.
- **AES-CBC**: `ChannelToken` keeps one `Aes` per direction, used with
the one-shot `EncryptCbc`/`DecryptCbc` on .NET 6+ (net48 reuses the
instance and creates the transform). Previously every message created an
`Aes`, imported the key (`BCryptImportKey`) and created a transform,
~15% of client CPU with SignAndEncrypt. The instance is taken out of the
token while in use, so concurrent callers never share one. The public
`CryptoUtils` overloads are unchanged.
- **`ChannelAsyncOperation`**: `SendRequestAsync` waits on an internal
task-free completion source instead of `EndAsync`
(`TaskCompletionSource` + `Task` + `WaitAsync` promise + state machine);
`EndAsync` registers cancellation instead of `WaitAsync(ct)`; the
timeout timer uses a static callback; completing with `default(T)`
shares a box.
- **Session keep alive**: every good response called `Timer.Change`
under the session lock, taking the timer queue lock. It now records the
time; the timer callback defers itself to one interval after the last
response, which is when the per-response reset made it fire.

### Behaviour notes
- `TcpByteTransport.SendChunkAsync`/`ReceiveChunkAsync` return pooled
`ValueTask`s on .NET 6+: like any `ValueTask` they must be awaited once.
- A successful write's `HandleWriteComplete` now runs on the writer
instead of a separate pool work item. Overrides outside the stack that
block in it delay later writes on that channel.
- The write itself no longer flows the caller's `ExecutionContext`
(`Activity.Current` is not set inside the transport send).

## Harness (`perf/`)
- `client-process:` and `client-per-op:` result lines; `--trace-side
client` records the harness itself.
- `--client managed` (ManagedSession, V2 engine) and `--callback item`
(classic per-item events).
- Classic fixture sessions no longer request diagnostics in every
response (the server otherwise sends a `DiagnosticInfo` per
notification).
- `ab.sh`: `SCENARIOS`/`ROUNDS`/`OUT`, CRLF tolerant, defaults before
the scenario (a `--sessions 200` scenario silently ran with 20 before);
`client-scenarios.txt`; `ab-summary.ps1` reports client and server
medians.
- README notes two profile traps: `Monitor.Enter_Slowpath` in the
sampled CPU profile without matching contention events (46 in 10 s
here), and allocation ticks over-attributing small objects allocated
after large arrays.

## Testing
- New: `UaSCBinaryChannelWriteQueueTests` (order, one send at a time,
never on the caller's stack, failures reported and later writes still
sent, concurrent writers), `ChannelAsyncOperationWaitTests` (late/early
completion, faults, cancellation, disposal, continuation off the
completing thread, 2000-iteration completion/cancellation race,
timeout), `CryptoUtilsAesCacheTests` (cached = fresh cipher text across
IVs, round trips, concurrent users, token disposal),
`TcpByteTransportTests` single/multi-buffer and cancellable sends,
`SessionKeepAliveTests` keep-alive read exactly one interval after the
last response.
- After merging master: Core Stack 3571 passed, Client 2763 passed, 0
failed.
- Before merging master, net10.0: Core Stack+Security 4680 passed;
Client 2763; Sessions 849 (379 skipped); Server 8391; Subscriptions 643;
all 0 failed.
- Stress Contract+Integration: 5 failures, the same 5 on the unchanged
#4707 head (`CertRotationContractTests`, `GateAndBypassTests`,
`LeaseLifecycleTests`, `RetryBudgetEnforcementTests` reflection seam,
`CertRotationLiveTests`), not caused by this PR.
- net48 build of `UA.slnx` clean; `dotnet format whitespace` clean.

## Not changed (follow-ups)
- Two `recv` calls per chunk (8-byte header, then body). Merging them
needs read-ahead with carry-over, which the transport avoids so that
idle peers do not hold receive buffers.
- `ManagedSession` service wrappers add an async state machine and a
reader lock per call (~200 B).
- Generated responses allocate a discarded `ResponseHeader`
(generator-wide, as noted in #4707).
- Decoded `MonitoredItemNotification` objects and the V2
`DataValueChange[]` per message dominate notification allocation
(`WithPoolNotifications` pools the latter).
- Coalescing queued writes on one channel into one vectored send would
cut syscalls under concurrent requests on a shared channel.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc <marcschier@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-10 20:00:33 +02:00
romanett c7fdeb6de1 Fix stress Contract/Integration failures and run them in stress-test.yml (#4718)
## Description

`Opc.Ua.Stress.Tests` with `Category=Contract|Category=Integration` had
five failures on master. The README says these categories run on every
PR, but no workflow ran them: `get-ci-matrix.ps1` excludes the Stress
project, and `stress-test.yml` only ran `ChaosTCP`. The old
`Channels.Stress` special case in `buildandtest.yml` never matched the
project name, and #4513 removed it. So the tests rotted unseen. Two of
the five failures were real product bugs.

### Product fixes

- **Session recreate after a server restart failed forever (regression
from #4503).** User-token PolicyIds are assigned by the server and are
not stable across a restart. In the failing run the client had cached
`Anonymous|20` and the restarted server offered `Anonymous|2`. The
CreateSession check added in #4503 requires an exact match, including
PolicyId, so every `RecreateInPlace` failed with
`BadSecurityChecksFailed` ("different security policy for the selected
user identity token"). The managed session then retried without end.
- `Session.OpenCoreAsync` now adopts the server's policy when only the
PolicyId differs. TokenType, SecurityPolicyUri, IssuedTokenType and
IssuerEndpointUrl must still match, so a downgrade is still rejected.
The token is restamped with the new id.
- **A certificate rotation during a reconnect reactivated every session
twice.** `ChannelEntry.ReconnectCycleAsync` only noticed the superseded
client certificate *after* it had notified participants. It then
replaced the transport and notified them again. The check now also runs
right after the transport reconnects, before participants are notified.

### Tests updated to the #4516 contracts

- `RetryBudgetEnforcementTests`: `Session.ReconnectManagedChannelAsync`
gained an optional reverse-connection parameter, which the reflection
call must supply.
- `GateAndBypassTests`: the participant callback token is cancelled once
`OnReconnectAsync` returns. The spawned worker now runs on the test
token.
- `LeaseLifecycleTests`: releasing the last lease cancels the recovery
in progress, as documented. The reconnect caller now expects
`OperationCanceledException`.

### CI

- New `Contract and Integration` job in `stress-test.yml`, with the same
gate as Chaos TCP: nightly, manual, and PRs labelled `stress`. It takes
about 1 minute of test time.
- The README now says where these categories actually run.

### Tests

- New
`SessionIdentityReviewTests.CreateAdoptsRenumberedUserTokenPolicyIdAsync`,
covering both a renumbered id (accepted) and a changed token security
policy (rejected). It fails without the fix.
- Each of the 5 fixed tests passed 3/3 runs in isolation. The full
`Contract|Integration` filter passed 45/45 twice in Debug and once in
Release.
- Related tests also pass: Core.Tests channel tests 587/587,
Sessions.Tests channel tests 119 passed (63 skipped), Client.Tests
channel/session/reconnect tests 512/512.
- The net48 build of `UA.slnx` is clean.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-10 08:06:30 +02:00
Cristi Pogacean 9344354aaa Fix empty LocalizedText binary field encoding (#4709)
# Description

Omit empty `Locale` and `Text` fields from the OPC UA Binary
DataEncoding for `LocalizedText`, as required by OPC 10000-6, Section
5.2.2.14, Table 24. Add wire-format tests for empty and non-empty
fields, including translation-backed localized text.

Validation:

- `git diff --check` passed before commit.
- `dotnet build tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests\Opc.Ua.Types.Tests.csproj
--framework net10.0 --no-restore --verbosity minimal
-p:NuGetAudit=false` could not complete because access to
`https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json` failed with `NU1301` and a TLS
handshake error.

## Related Issues

No related issue.

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-10 08:05:11 +02:00
Marc Schier 9099aee13e Fail CI when a test fixture's setup or teardown fails (#4723)
# Description

`get-test-verdict.ps1` accepts a non-zero `dotnet test` exit whenever
the TRX counters show no failure, on the assumption that the host died
at exit after every teardown had run. A failed fixture setup or teardown
breaks that assumption. The assembly-level `[OneTimeTearDown]`
certificate leak check fails after its tests passed, no TRX counter
records it, and the host exits 1. In the last 10 master runs, CI
accepted exactly that as an "at-exit stall" for `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` and
`Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` on every leg (net48, and net10.0 on Windows,
Linux, and macOS). #4719 fixed the Server.Tests leak; #4721 fixes the
GDS leak.

The NUnit adapter reports such a failure as a TRX run message, `<RunInfo
outcome="Error"><Text>TearDown failed for test fixture
Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests.LeakDetectionSetup</Text></RunInfo>`, followed by a
second one with the failure message. For a setup failure it writes
`Setup failed for test fixture …`.

Changes:

- `Measure-TestResults` collects these messages. `Get-TestRunVerdict
-FixtureFailures` rejects a run that has any of them, whatever the exit
code, and names the fixture in the reason.
- A host that dies at exit after a clean run is still tolerated. The
only other tolerated case in the last 10 master runs,
`Opc.Ua.Client.Tests` on net48 in run 37835429177, logged "Test host
process crashed" and stays tolerated.
- `Measure-TestResults` and `Get-CounterValue` move from
`run-dotnet-tests.ps1` to the dot-sourced `get-test-verdict.ps1`, so
`CiTestVerdictTests` can feed them TRX files. The source check of the
counter set becomes a behavioral test.
- `docs/DeveloperGuide.md` describes the rule.

**Merge order:** after #4727 (#4719 and #4721 are on master). With #4721
merged, this PR's CI still rejects `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` on net48: eight
`PushTest` fixtures fail in `TearDown` and leak 88 certificates when
their setup is ignored, which master accepted as an "at-exit stall".
#4727 fixes them. On every other leg, `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` now passes
under the rule.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Tools.Tests -f net10.0 --filter
FullyQualifiedName~CiTestVerdictTests` with the scripts from master | 6
new tests fail, 13 pass |
| Same with this change | 19 passed |
| `Measure-TestResults` and `Get-TestRunVerdict` on the TRX of a full
`Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` run without #4721, exit code 1 | Rejected: `1 test
fixture setup or teardown failure(s): TearDown failed for test fixture
Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests.LeakDetectionSetup.` |
| Same on the TRX of a run with #4721, exit code 1 | Tolerated, as
before |
| CI of this PR before #4721 merged | `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` rejected on all
four legs for `TearDown failed for test fixture
Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests.LeakDetectionSetup`; every other project passed |
| CI after merging master with #4721 (0e8ef033a) | `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests`
passes on Linux, Windows and macOS net10.0; on net48 it is rejected for
9 fixture failures in `PushTest` and `LeakDetectionSetup`, fixed by
#4727 |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Tools.Tests -f net10.0` | 947 passed, 1
skipped, 1 failed:
`CiMatrixScriptTests.JobTimeoutBoundsEveryProjectsCombinedBudgetAsync("full")`,
which this change does not touch; it passes on rerun, alone and with
`CiMatrixScriptTests` and `CiTestVerdictTests` (40 passed) |

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Follows #4719 and #4721.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 22:24:49 +00:00
Cristi Pogacean 2cdf0de97f Fix scoped certificate-store resolution in GDS push operations (#4726)
# Description

Fix the remaining GDS push certificate paths that bypass instance-scoped
certificate stores, while preserving OPC UA 1.05.07 trust and
transaction requirements.

- Use the configured resolver/registry for previous-key loading, slot
resolution, application-store commit/rollback, issuer
import/compensation, and rejected-store opening.
- Validate application-certificate uploads through the configured
manager and the group's registered trust scope, instead of a temporary
manager that cannot see custom providers.
- Isolate per-call `AcceptError` validation cores from normal cached
trust decisions. Part 12 installation-time acceptance must neither reuse
nor populate the connection-validation cache.
- Compensate the application-certificate swap if opening the issuer
store fails, not only if importing an issuer fails.
- Add scoped-provider, cross-group trust, cache-isolation, and
compensation regressions. Reuse the portable PEM writer and short
temporary PKI paths so the tests work on .NET Framework too.
- Use source-generated failure logging without private-key bytes, and
document custom-store/pending-key requirements.

The branch starts at master `7f14fb864fc93532f3dbab1e1b5e2ba9b5f605c5`.
It excludes the unrelated LocalizedText commits, the local handoff, PLC
changes, logs, keys, certificates, and build outputs. No public API,
dependency, package version, global provider registration, or analyzer
configuration is changed.

### Specification review

The online Part 12 reference identifies version **1.05.07**. This is a
focused review and regression validation of the changed behavior, **not
a claim of complete stack conformance or CTT certification**.

| Requirement | Review / evidence |
| --- | --- |
| [Part 12,
7.10.5](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.5):
validate application certificates using the associated TrustList; ignore
the supplied issuer list | Existing issuer-argument regressions
retained. New flat-layout scoped-provider cases accept a CA installed in
the selected trusted/issuer store and reject one installed only in
another scope. |
| [Part 4,
6.1.3](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-4/6.1.3) and
Part 12, 7.10.5: suppressible installation errors must not bypass normal
peer trust or non-suppressible failures | Missing-issuer,
signature/revocation, explicit-trust, and validation-core tests; new
two-way cache-isolation cases with `UseValidatedCertificates = true`;
normal peer validation remains untrusted after issuer-only push
acceptance. |
| Part 12, 7.10.5: matching private key, encrypted channel and
SecurityAdmin | Existing access/key/type tests retained; scoped
own-store upload cases cover no uploaded key and PEM. PFX and
regenerated-key cases remain in the selected suite. |
| [Part 12,
7.10.2](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.2),
[7.10.9](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.9),
and
[7.10.11](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.11):
staging, ApplyChanges, cancellation, ownership and compensation |
Push/transaction/rollback suites; new custom-provider compensation cases
cover both issuer-import and store-open failure, retaining the old
application certificate and pre-existing issuers. |
| [Part 12,
7.10.7](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.7):
do not delete endpoint-referenced certificates | Existing ApplyChanges
endpoint-reference and delete/create replacement tests retained. |
| [Part 12,
7.10.10](https://reference.opcfoundation.org/specs/OPC-10000-12/7.10.10):
CSR key handling and persistence | Existing-key scoped CSR test, SDK
pending-key/cancel cases, and supporting PLC encrypted round
trips/restarts. Arbitrary custom backends still require a durable
pending-key implementation; the separate PLC implementation is not
included here. |

### Validation

Windows, .NET SDK 10.0.401, Release, NUnit/VSTest. Build analyzers
remained enforced: **no `WarningsNotAsErrors`, suppressions, or analyzer
downgrades**. `NuGetAudit=false` was needed because the local nuget.org
TLS connection failed; no repository audit setting was changed.

| Selection | Result |
| --- | --- |
| SDK GDS push/trust/transaction/rollback, net10.0 | **192 passed, 0
failed** |
| SDK certificate-manager/provider/explicit-trust/validation-core,
net10.0 | **180 passed, 0 failed** |
| SDK certificate-manager/provider/explicit-trust/validation-core, net48
| **180 passed, 0 failed** |
| SDK GDS push/trust/transaction/rollback, net48 | **192 passed, 0
failed** |
| Final portable-PEM/compensation tests, net10.0 | **5 passed, 0
failed** |
| Supporting PLC GDS/pending-key/compatibility selection, net10.0 | **29
passed, 0 failed** against this SDK source |

The PLC tests exercise encrypted UA calls, signed PEM/CSR updates,
persistence, fresh connections and restarts across Directory,
FlatDirectory and KubernetesSecret providers. The Kubernetes API is an
in-memory double, **not a real Kubernetes deployment**. PLC tests and
its durable pending-key implementation are local companion-repository
changes, not SDK PR contents or independently reproducible CI evidence
from this branch alone.

Commands below use the same isolated artifact locations as the
validation run, expressed relative to the user profile:

```powershell
$files = Join-Path $env:USERPROFILE '.copilot\session-state\003a7438-0312-4c10-beed-cd95c0fe400e\files'
$sdk = Join-Path $files 'sdk-build'
$net48 = Join-Path $files 'solution-net48'
$push = 'FullyQualifiedName~ConfigurationNodeManagerPushTests|FullyQualifiedName~ConfigurationNodeManagerPushValidationTests|FullyQualifiedName~PushComplianceRegressionTests|FullyQualifiedName~PushRollbackCancellationRegressionTests|FullyQualifiedName~PushConfigurationTransactionCoordinatorTests'
$manager = 'FullyQualifiedName~CertificateManagerTests|FullyQualifiedName~CertificateManagerExplicitTrustTests|FullyQualifiedName~CertificateManagerProviderResolutionRegressionTests|FullyQualifiedName~CertificateValidationCoreTests'

# Passed: 192/192.
dotnet test .\tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net10.0 -m:1 --no-restore -p:GeneratePackageOnBuild=false -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$sdk" -p:NuGetAudit=false --filter $push

# Passed: 180/180.
dotnet test .\tests\Opc.Ua.Core.Tests\Opc.Ua.Core.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net10.0 --no-build --no-restore -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$sdk" --filter $manager

# Passed: 180/180.
dotnet test .\tests\Opc.Ua.Core.Tests\Opc.Ua.Core.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net48 --no-build --no-restore -p:CustomTestTarget=net48 -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$net48" --filter $manager

# Passed: 192/192 after the portable PEM writer and shorter temporary PKI paths.
dotnet test .\tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net48 -m:1 --no-restore -p:CustomTestTarget=net48 -p:GeneratePackageOnBuild=false -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$net48" -p:NuGetAudit=false --filter $push

# Passed: 5/5 after final test portability changes.
dotnet test .\tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests\Opc.Ua.Server.Tests.csproj -c Release -f net10.0 -m:1 --no-restore -p:GeneratePackageOnBuild=false -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$sdk" -p:NuGetAudit=false --filter 'FullyQualifiedName~CertificatePushUsesScopedOwnStoreProviderAsync|FullyQualifiedName~ApplyCertificateSlotChangeSelfCompensatesWhenIssuerImportFailsAfterAppCertSwapAsync'

# Passed: 29/29; the companion project and this SDK had been built together first.
dotnet test C:\src\iot-edge-opc-plc\tests\opc-plc-tests.csproj -c Release --no-build --no-restore -p:UseLocalOpcUaStack=true -p:OpcUaSourceRoot=C:\src\UA-.NETStandard -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$sdk" --filter 'FullyQualifiedName~GdsPush|FullyQualifiedName~PlcPendingCertificateKeyStoreTests|FullyQualifiedName~PreviewCompatibilityTests'
```

The `--no-restore` / `--no-build` invocations require prior
restoration/build. The initially empty artifact-directory `--no-restore`
invocation produced no test execution and is **not** counted. Initial
compile/test portability failures were fixed before the final results
above.

Full-solution attempts did **not** pass:

```powershell
# Failed/incomplete: AMB server startup timed out in two tests; stopped after failures.
dotnet test .\UA.slnx -c Release -f net48 -m:1 -p:CustomTestTarget=net48 -p:GeneratePackageOnBuild=false -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$net48" -p:NuGetAudit=false

# Failed: NU1301 restoring OpenUsd-related projects due to nuget.org TLS handshake failure.
dotnet test .\UA.slnx -c Release -f net10.0 -m:1 -p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 -p:GeneratePackageOnBuild=false -p:UseArtifactsOutput=true "-p:ArtifactsPath=$(Join-Path $files 'solution-net10')" -p:NuGetAudit=false
```

A retry through an already configured local package source progressed
further, but the OneFuzz nested publish did not inherit the audit
override and caused **210 setup failures (NU1900)**; the broad run was
stopped. These runs are not a clean full-suite result. AMB startup
failures have not been baseline-qualified and are not claimed to be
fixed by this PR.

`git diff --check` passed. A changed-file whitespace check reported
seven pre-existing diagnostics at lines 371-424 of
`CertificateManagerTests.cs`, outside this change (new tests start at
line 563); no unrelated formatting sweep was made.

**Remaining gates:** successful full solution on net48/net10.0,
quantitative coverage, Linux, required CI/CodeQL, and applicable
CTT/interoperability qualification. Keep this PR draft until the
required gates are resolved; the tests above do not establish 100% OPC
UA compliance.

## Related Issues

_Reference all GitHub issues this PR addresses. If there is no issue
yet, open one and link it here._

_If this is a relatively large or complex change, a design must have
been discussed in the related tracking issue and signed off (which
becomes the Architectural Decision Record (ADR))._

- Fixes #4725.
- Follow-up to #4546, #4530 and #4531 for remaining certificate-push
consumers.

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Tests were added and pass as recorded, but coverage was not measured.
CLA status is not asserted on behalf of the contributor.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 21:41:58 +02:00
Marc Schier 09ca425b3a Make the encoder stack-depth tests hold on a reused thread stack (#4722)
# Description


`EncoderStackDepthTests.DecodeWithUnboundedNestingLimitFailsBeforeTheStackOverflows(Json,
VariantArray)` and `(Json, DataValue)` fail intermittently on Linux CI,
for example in run 37921301898, attempt 1, `test-linux-net10.0 (12/15)`.
The 450-level JSON input decodes without tripping the stack check, so
the expected `BadEncodingLimitsExceeded` is missing. A re-run passes.

Cause: a thread that asks for a 256 KB stack can run on more. glibc
reuses the cached stack of an exited thread when it is at most four
times the requested size, and the fixture's own 1 MB threads leave such
stacks behind. `RuntimeHelpers.EnsureSufficientExecutionStack` measures
the stack the thread actually got, and 450 JSON levels fit a 1 MB stack.
The product's stack check is correct; the test relied on the requested
size.

Deepest nesting that fits before the check fires (net10.0, Release):

- On a 256 KB thread: about 100 JSON levels on Linux and 70 on Windows.
- On a 1 MB thread, Linux: 548 levels for a JSON Variant array, and up
to 2477 for a JSON EncodeableTree. Encoding a Binary EncodeableTree fits
1899 levels, so the 2000 levels of the other codecs had no margin
either.

Fix:

- The unbounded-limit decode and encode tests run on a 1 MB and a 256 KB
stack: the largest stack glibc can hand a 256 KB request, and the
requested size.
- Every codec nests 5000 levels, twice the deepest nesting that fits a 1
MB stack.
- The JsonEncoder cannot nest deeper than 1000 JSON levels, so the JSON
input is written by hand. `NestedJsonMatchesTheJsonEncoder` checks it
against the encoder's output for every shape.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| Original test logic in the `mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:10.0`
container, each decode right after a 1 MB thread exits, 20 times per
shape | Decode succeeded 20 of 20 times for VariantArray and DataValue,
the CI failure; 0 of 20 without the 1 MB thread, and 0 of 20 on Windows
either way |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Types.Tests -f net10.0 --filter
FullyQualifiedName~EncoderStackDepthTests`, Release and Debug on
Windows, 2 runs each | 80 passed |
| Same in the Linux container (Release), 3 runs | 80 passed |
| Same with `-f net48` | 80 passed |
| Linux, depth temporarily set back to 2000 |
`EncodeWithUnboundedNestingLimitFailsBeforeTheStackOverflows(Binary,EncodeableTree)`
fails on the 1 MB stack |
| Linux, `EncodingLimits.EnsureSufficientStack` temporarily disabled |
The test host crashes with a stack overflow, so the tests still catch a
missing check |

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Seen on the CI of #4710.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 19:32:27 +02:00
Marc Schier 0abe194b25 Dispose the certificate leaked by PushComplianceTests (#4721)
# Description

`dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` exits 1 even when every test
passes. The assembly-level `LeakDetectionSetup` teardown reports
`Certificate leak detected: 1 instance(s) created but not disposed`. CI
accepts the exit code as an "at-exit stall" and only warns: the last 10
master runs show the warning for `Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests` on all four legs
(net48, and net10.0 on Windows, Linux, and macOS).

Cause: with `OPCUA_CERTIFICATE_LEAK_TRACKING=1`, the leak report's
allocation stack names `PushComplianceTests.CreateSelfSigned()`, called
inline in `TrustListTransactionLifecycleAsync`. The certificate passed
to `AddCertificateAsync` was never disposed.

Fix: the test creates the certificate with a `using` declaration, like
every other certificate in the fixture. This is a test-only change.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests -f net10.0 --logger trx` with
`OPCUA_CERTIFICATE_LEAK_TRACKING=1`, before the fix | 1258 passed, 0
failed, but exit 1: `TearDown failed for test fixture
Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests.LeakDetectionSetup`, `Certificate leak detected: 1
instance(s) created but not disposed (created=70028, disposed=70027)`,
allocated in `PushComplianceTests.CreateSelfSigned()` |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests -f net10.0 --filter
"FullyQualifiedName~PushComplianceTests.TrustListTransactionLifecycleAsync"`,
before the fix | 1 passed, exit 1 with the same leak report |
| Same, after the fix | 1 passed, exit 0 |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests -f net10.0` with leak tracking,
after the fix | 1258 passed, 0 failed, 56 skipped; exit 0 |

Not run locally on net48: on this machine the fixture's `OneTimeSetUp`
fails on net48 with `BadSecurityChecksFailed` (the server cannot verify
the push client's OpenSecureChannel request) before any test body runs,
and the `PushTest` fixture logs the same error. CI's net48 leg runs the
fixture.

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while surveying the CI "at-exit stall"
tolerance; #4719 fixes the same class of leak in `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests`.
A follow-up makes CI fail on such teardown failures.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 19:32:18 +02:00
Marc Schier 7f14fb864f Secure the UADP DataSetMetaData announcement on secured connections (#4712)
# Description

`MetaDataPublisher` encoded the DataSetMetaData announcement itself and
called `IPubSubTransport.SendAsync` directly. That bypassed the
connection's security wrapper and its fail-closed check. A WriterGroup
configured for `SignAndEncrypt` therefore announced its DataSet layout
(field names, types, version) unsigned and unencrypted. A secured
subscriber dropped the announcement (`Dropping unsecured inbound frame
... requiring SignAndEncrypt`, documented as an expected warning in
docs/PubSub.md), and any listener could read it. OPC 10000-14 §6.2.5.2
applies the WriterGroup's SecurityMode to the NetworkMessages it
publishes, and §7.2.4.6.3 carries the security of a discovery
announcement in its SecurityHeader.

Confirmed on the wire: the documented `udp-uadp` exchange sent secured
DataSetMessages plus one DiscoveryResponse (announcement type 2,
DataSetMetaData) with ExtendedFlags1 `0x81`, meaning the SecurityHeader
bit was clear.

Review feedback widened the scope to every UADP discovery message of a
secured connection, and to the diagnostics of secured messages.

Fix:

- `MetaDataPublisher` builds the announcement and hands it to the
connection (`PubSubConnection.SendMetaDataAnnouncementAsync`).
- One encode-and-secure step (`PubSubConnection.EncodeOutboundAsync`)
now serves data messages, discovery requests and responses, and the
announcements that UDP and Ethernet send to their transport-specific
discovery destination (ApplicationInformation, PublisherEndpoints,
PubSubConnection). On a connection configured for message security, it
applies the SecurityMode (`Sign`, or `SignAndEncrypt`) to UADP messages
and refuses to send any message it cannot secure.
- Before, a secured connection dropped its own discovery requests, so a
secured subscriber could not ask for metadata, writer configuration, or
endpoints. It also refused metadata and writer-configuration probe
responses, and sent the transport-specific announcements in plaintext.
- A discovery response or announcement that cannot be secured or sent is
logged (`DiscoveryMessageNotSent`, Warning) and dropped. Securing
announcements makes them depend on a current key; without this, a key
provider with no key yet, for example before a Security Key Service
delivers the first key, made `StartAsync` fail, and a probe response
that could not be secured ended the receive loop. Requests sent through
`RequestDiscoveryAsync` still throw to the caller.
- Secured messages are counted in `SentNetworkMessages` and
`SentDataSetMessages` like unsecured ones. Before, they bypassed the
encoder that counts them, so secured data messages were never counted.
- `UadpDiscoveryCoder` can encode a discovery message with the
SecurityHeader bit set, and reports the security boundary after the
PublisherId (and DataSetClassId), which is where
`UadpDecoder.TryReadOuterPrefix` ends the prefix.
`UadpEncoder.EncodeWithSecurityBoundary` accepts discovery messages.
- The receive path is unchanged: it already unwraps secured discovery
frames and registers authenticated metadata.
- Not changed: the MQTT last-will status message is registered with the
broker when the connection opens and published later, so it cannot carry
a current SecurityHeader; it stays unsecured.
- docs/PubSub.md no longer lists the unsecured-frame warning. It
describes how the SecurityMode applies to announcements and discovery
(`Sign` authenticates; `SignAndEncrypt` also encrypts) and the last-will
exception.

Tests:

-
`MetaDataPublisherTests.UadpPathSecuresTheAnnouncementOfASecuredWriterGroupAsync`:
the announcement of a SignAndEncrypt WriterGroup carries a
SecurityHeader, does not contain the DataSet name in cleartext, and
unwraps and decodes with the subscriber's keys. Before the fix, the
announcement had no SecurityHeader.
- `MetaDataPublisherTests.SecuredNetworkMessagesAreCountedAsSentAsync`:
before the fix, `SentNetworkMessages` read 0 on a secured connection.
-
`PubSubDiscoveryTests.SecuredSubscriberDiscoversSecuredPublisherWithoutPlaintextFramesAsync`:
a secured subscriber and a secured publisher, connected through an
in-memory transport that also sends announcements to a separate
destination, discover metadata, writer configuration, and endpoints, and
no frame lacks a SecurityHeader. Before the fix, the metadata request
was dropped. With only the announcement change reverted, the
PublisherEndpoints response was dropped.
-
`PubSubDiscoveryTests.StartupAnnouncementsWithoutACurrentKeyDoNotFailTheStartAsync`
and `ReceiveLoopSurvivesADiscoveryResponseThatCannotBeSecuredAsync`:
both failed before the fail-soft change.
-
`UadpDiscoveryTests.SecuredDiscoveryMessagesSplitWhereTheReceiverExpects`:
for requests and responses, with and without a DataSetClassId, the
secured encoding differs from the unsecured one only by the
SecurityHeader flag, and its boundary equals the receiver's prefix
length.
-
`UadpDiscoveryTests.EncodeWithSecurityBoundaryRejectsAMessageItCannotSecure`.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0` | 1498 passed, 1 skipped (the UDP multicast
loopback discovery test, which this host skips) |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net48
-p:CustomTestTarget=net48` | 1498 passed, 1 skipped |
| `dotnet test` on net10.0 for `Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests`, `.Eth.Tests`,
`.Mqtt.Tests`, `.Server.Tests`, `fuzzing/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Fuzz.Tests` |
234, 55, 157, 177, 149 passed |
| `dotnet test` on net10.0 for `Opc.Ua.PubSub.Kafka.Tests`,
`.Adapter.Tests`, `.Diagnostics.Tests`, `Opc.Ua.Redundancy.PubSub.Tests`
(on 9417ccbbb) | 92 (1 skipped), 152, 53 (1 skipped), 45 passed |
| `tests\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests\bin\Debug\net10.0\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests.exe
--treenode-filter "/*/*/PubSubAotTests/*"` (JIT; the AOT job failed on
94d43919a) | 7 of 7 passed, including `StartsAndStopsPublisher_UdpUadp`
|
| `dotnet build src/Opc.Ua.PubSub -c Release` (all target frameworks) |
0 warnings |
| The docs/PubSub.md first exchange, run verbatim, with #4710 applied
(before the review changes) | The announcement is secured on the wire
(ExtendedFlags1 `0x91`, 268 bytes); 14 DataSets; no unsecured-frame
warning; the subscriber logs `Registered inbound metadata for writer 1`
|
| After merging master (#4710, #4711, #4716), on 83567cecf: `dotnet
build src/Opc.Ua.PubSub -c Release` | 0 warnings |
| Same merge: `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net10.0`; the
changed fixtures on net48; `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests -f
net10.0` | 1498 passed, 1 skipped; 132 passed, 1 skipped; 237 passed |
| Same merge: `Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests.exe --treenode-filter
"/*/*/PubSubAotTests/*"` (JIT) | 8 of 8 passed, including #4710's
`SamplePublisherDeliversSecuredDataSetToSampleSubscriberAsync` |
| Same merge: the docs/PubSub.md first exchange, run verbatim on
`opc.udp://127.0.0.1:4840`, then the publisher alone against a UDP
listener | 9 DataSets in 10 seconds and no warning on either side; the
listener saw 9 DataSetMessages and 1 DiscoveryResponse (the startup
announcement), all with the SecurityHeader bit set |

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while verifying the PubSub first-exchange
documentation (follow-up to #4555).

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 16:52:45 +02:00
Marc Schier 60dc5ab404 Reset the push coordinator after each PushComplianceRegressionTests test (#4719)
# Description

`dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` exits 1 even when every test
passes. The assembly-level `LeakDetectionSetup` teardown reports
`Certificate leak detected: 3 instance(s) created but not disposed`.

Cause: `CloseAndUpdateRejectsRetainedCrlOfRemovedCaAsync` and
`CloseAndUpdateAcceptsVersion3CertificateWithoutExtensionsAsync` stage
TrustList updates through `CloseAndUpdate` and finish without
`ApplyChanges` or `CancelChanges`. `TearDown` disposed the TrustLists
but not the staged operations, so the
`PushConfigurationTransactionCoordinator` kept the staged and original
`CertificateCollection`s undisposed.

CI did not catch it: `.github/scripts/get-test-verdict.ps1` accepts a
nonzero exit when the TRX counters show no failures, and reports it only
as an "at-exit stall" warning.

Fix: `TearDown` calls `m_coordinator.Reset()`, which discards the staged
operations and disposes their collections. This is a test-only change;
in production, a session's staged operations are applied, cancelled, or
discarded when the session closes.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 --filter
"FullyQualifiedName~PushComplianceRegressionTests"`, before the fix | 15
passed, but exit 1: `TearDown failed for test fixture
Opc.Ua.Server.Tests.LeakDetectionSetup`, `Certificate leak detected: 3
instance(s) created but not disposed (created=49, disposed=46)` |
| Same, after the fix, 3 runs | 15 passed, exit 0, no leak report |
| Same with `-f net48 -p:CustomTestTarget=net48` | 15 passed, exit 0 |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0` | 8386 passed, 0 failed, 5 skipped; exit 0
|

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while explaining the exit code 1 of a full
`Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` run for #4716.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 15:50:41 +02:00
Marc Schier aeeef5b420 Send UDP multicast on the network interface the transport joins (#4711)
# Description

`UdpDatagramTransport` joined multicast groups on the resolved network
interface: the connection address's `NetworkInterface`, the
`PreferredNetworkInterface` option, or the first operational interface.
It never set `IP_MULTICAST_IF` / `IPV6_MULTICAST_IF`, though, so
multicast data and discovery announcements left through the operating
system's default multicast route. On a computer with several network
interfaces, a publisher configured for one network sent on another, and
subscribers on the configured network missed the messages (OPC 10000-14
§7.3.2.2, `NetworkAddressDataType.NetworkInterface`).

`ConfigureSocket` now sets the multicast send interface to the resolved
interface for IPv4 and IPv6 sockets. That includes the separate socket
that sends discovery announcements for loopback-bound connections. A
failure is logged at Debug level, like the other socket options.

**Behavior change:** without a configured interface, multicast now
leaves through the first operational non-loopback interface, which is
the interface subscribers join on, instead of the default multicast
route. `docs/PubSub.md` and the XML docs of `PreferredNetworkInterface`
and `UdpNetworkInterfaceResolver` describe this and recommend naming the
interface on multi-homed computers.

Tests (`UdpDatagramTransportMulticastInterfaceTests`):

- The IPv4 and IPv6 egress options equal the resolved interface. Before
the fix they were `0.0.0.0` and `0`.
- A publisher and subscriber pinned to the loopback interface exchange a
payload. A raw control sender tells a host without loopback multicast
apart from a publisher that sends elsewhere. The test fails with the bug
on Linux; Windows also delivers local copies sent on other interfaces,
so there it only confirms the exchange.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 --filter
"FullyQualifiedName~UdpDatagramTransportMulticastInterfaceTests"`, with
the fix temporarily disabled | IPv4 and IPv6 option tests failed
(`Expected: <192.168.178.101> But was: <0.0.0.0>`, `Expected: 4 But was:
0`) |
| The same tests from the Windows-built binaries in a Linux container
(`mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:10.0`, `dotnet test
Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests.dll`), fix disabled, 5 runs | 3 of 3 failed in
every run, including the loopback exchange (the control sender arrived,
the publisher's multicast did not) |
| Same, with the fix, 5 runs | 3 of 3 passed in every run |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0` | 237 passed (Windows, and the same
binaries in the Linux container) |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp.Tests -f net48
-p:CustomTestTarget=net48` | 232 passed |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0` | 1490 passed, 1 skipped |
| `dotnet build src/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp -c Release` (net10.0, net9.0,
net8.0, net48) | 0 warnings |
| The docs/PubSub.md first exchange (unicast loopback), run verbatim,
with #4710 applied | 11 DataSets; the unsecured-frame warning appears
once, as documented |

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while verifying the PubSub first-exchange
documentation (follow-up to #4555).

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 15:17:51 +02:00
Marc Schier 9600f0de9c Let servers start in globalization-invariant mode (#4716)
# Description

A server did not start in globalization-invariant mode
(`InvariantGlobalization`, or
`DOTNET_SYSTEM_GLOBALIZATION_INVARIANT=1`), which Native AOT and
container images often enable. When the server loaded its default status
texts, `ResourceManager` created `CultureInfo("en-US")`. In this mode
the runtime throws `CultureNotFoundException` for every culture except
the invariant one, so the server crashed in
`ResourceManager.LoadDefaultText`.

`ResourceManager` now:

- keeps the locale id of each translation table as a string, and falls
back to its language subtag to find another region of the same language;
- when the runtime cannot create the culture, parses a locale id that
matches the grammar of RFC 5646 §2.1 into the recommended casing of its
subtags. It still rejects a language without a region, and rejects a tag
that does not match the grammar, as before;
- caches the resolved locale ids, so loading the default texts creates
each culture once.

`docs/NativeAoT.md` no longer warns against invariant mode for servers.

The new tests (`ResourceManagerInvariantGlobalizationTests`) reproduce
both invariant-mode behaviors of the runtime: no cultures at all, and
cultures that carry invariant data. They also cover malformed tags, and
well-formed tags with extended language, variant, extension, and private
use subtags.

The branch includes a merge of master: #4707 moved translation lookups
to a lock-free snapshot of the tables, and the snapshot now copies the
locale-id-based tables.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0 --filter
"FullyQualifiedName~ResourceManager"` | 100 passed, including the 39
tests of the new fixture. Before the fix, 10 of its first 22 tests
failed; 7 of the 17 grammar cases failed against the first version of
the parser |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests -f net48
-p:CustomTestTarget=net48 --filter "FullyQualifiedName~ResourceManager"`
| 100 passed |
| `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests -f net10.0
-p:CustomTestTarget=net10.0`, on 80e516309 (before the master merge) |
8408 passed, 0 failed, 5 skipped. The run exits 1 because of a
pre-existing certificate leak in `PushComplianceRegressionTests`, which
is unrelated to this change and fixed in #4719 |
| `dotnet build src/Opc.Ua.Server -c Release` (net10.0, net9.0, net8.0,
net48) | 0 warnings |
| MinimalBoilerServer started with
`DOTNET_SYSTEM_GLOBALIZATION_INVARIANT=1`, then MinimalClient (on
27c8478a9) | Before the fix: the server crashed with
`CultureNotFoundException`. After: it starts, and the client browses,
reads, and receives a subscription notification |

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while verifying the Native AOT documentation
(follow-up to #4555).

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [x] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 15:17:12 +02:00
Marc Schier e80d0ca9ac Use a 4-byte KeyNonce in the reference PubSub sample (#4710)
# Description

The first PubSub exchange in
[docs/PubSub.md](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/docs/PubSub.md#run-a-first-publisher-and-subscriber)
delivers no DataSets on master or in the 2.0.0 source. The subscriber
only logs `DataSetReader Reader 1 faulted on MessageReceiveTimeout`,
while the publisher logs `UADP security wrap failed; dropping message`
with `ArgumentException: AES-CTR nonce must be exactly 12 bytes` for
every NetworkMessage.

Cause: the reference PubSub sample's demo keys use a 12-byte KeyNonce.
Since #4573, the AES-CTR counter block follows OPC 10000-14 Table 157
(`KeyNonce[4] || MessageNonce[8] || BlockCounter[4]`). With the sample's
keys, the publisher builds a 20-byte nonce, and `AesCtrTransform`
rejects it. The 2.0.0 release (release/2.0 at bc5da1006) contains #4573
and the 12-byte sample, so it is affected too.

Fix: the sample sizes its KeyNonce with
`AesCtrNonceLayout.KeyNonceLength`. No SDK change.

Regression test:
`PubSubAotTests.SamplePublisherDeliversSecuredDataSetToSampleSubscriberAsync`
starts the sample publisher and subscriber with the sample keys over
unicast loopback and waits for a DataSet. The existing sample-based AOT
tests only built or started the applications, so nothing caught the
regression.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| `tests\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests\bin\Debug\net10.0\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests.exe
--treenode-filter
"/*/*/PubSubAotTests/SamplePublisherDeliversSecuredDataSetToSampleSubscriberAsync"`
(JIT), before the fix | Failed: `TimeoutException`, no DataSet within 10
s |
| same, after the fix | Passed, 3 of 3 runs |
| `tests\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests\bin\Debug\net10.0\Opc.Ua.Aot.Tests.exe
--treenode-filter "/*/*/PubSubAotTests/*"` | 8 of 8 passed |
| The two `dotnet run` commands of the docs/PubSub.md first exchange,
run verbatim | 15 DataSets in 15 s; the publisher logs no failures |

The release/2.0 branch has the same sample and would need a backport,
which is not part of this PR.

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Found while re-verifying the documented first
PubSub exchange after the 2.0.0 release.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 15:17:01 +02:00
Marc Schier 0af7ae3a23 Update the guides and the MCP server docs for the 2.0.0 release (#4713)
# Description

The packages on nuget.org are stable 2.0.0 now. The guides still told
readers to use `--prerelease` and preview-only versions, and kept
caveats that applied only to 2.0.0-preview.5 and earlier previews.

Getting started, Your first information model, and Source-generated data
types:

- Add the packages without `--prerelease` and name 2.0.0 as the verified
version.
- With 2.0.0, a client with no server reports `BadNotConnected`, so the
troubleshooting row drops the preview.5 `SocketException`.
- 2.0.0 generates code for methods that declare their arguments inline,
so the tutorial drops the preview.5 workaround note and its
troubleshooting row, and says both forms are possible.

MCP server (`docs/McpServer.md` and the tool's NuGet README
`tools/Opc.Ua.Mcp/McpREADME.md`):

- Install and run commands use the stable tool: `dotnet tool exec
OPCFoundation.NetStandard.Opc.Ua.Mcp`, `dnx …`, and `dotnet tool install
--global …`, without `--prerelease` or `2.0.0-preview.*`.
- The stable tool bundles `Opc.Ua.Mcp.Robotics` and `Opc.Ua.Mcp.Vision`,
so the note that `vision` and `vision,robotics` need the current source
is removed. The docs now state that only the standalone `Mcp.Robotics`
and `Mcp.Vision` libraries are preview packages (`2.0.0-preview.200`).
- Not changed: `tools/Opc.Ua.Mcp/.mcp/server.json` still declares
`"version": "1.0.0"` and lists only the original profiles in its
description.

### Validation

| Command | Result |
| --- | --- |
| Getting started Route B, the first-model tutorial, and every
troubleshooting row, run exactly as documented against the 2.0.0
packages | Output matches the guides; 0 warnings |
| Native AOT publish of the Route B server and client | 0 warnings; the
native executables completed the trust flow and connected |
| `dotnet tool exec OPCFoundation.NetStandard.Opc.Ua.Mcp -- --version`,
`dnx OPCFoundation.NetStandard.Opc.Ua.Mcp -- --version`, `dotnet tool
exec "OPCFoundation.NetStandard.Opc.Ua.Mcp@2.0.*" -- --version` |
`2.0.0+bc5da1006…` for each |
| `dotnet tool install` of `OPCFoundation.NetStandard.Opc.Ua.Mcp`
without `--prerelease` (into a temporary tool path) | Installs 2.0.0 |
| `dotnet tool exec` of an uncached version with stdin redirected, as an
MCP client launches it | Runs without a confirmation prompt |
| MCP stdio `initialize` + `tools/list` against the 2.0.0 tool with
`--profile vision,robotics`, `vision`, `robotics`, `full` | 64, 26, 42,
and 138 tools |
| Markdown link, anchor, contents, and fence checks over `docs/` | 0
issues |

## Related Issues

- No tracking issue. Follow-up to #4555 after the 2.0.0 release.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-09 14:36:18 +02:00
romanett 36194f6a02 Avoid boxing and per-value copies on encoder, enum and server hot paths (#4715)
## Summary
Allocation audit of the per-message / per-value paths (binary codec,
built-in types, server request path, monitored items, client
notification dispatch) looking for boxing and avoidable per-value
copies. Measured with `GC.GetAllocatedBytesForCurrentThread` probe loops
on net10.0 **and net48**, and with `dotnet-trace` allocation traces of
the server load harness (#4707) for read/write/browse/subscription,
server and client side — a value type in the "allocated types" list is a
box.

Wire output and error behaviour are unchanged.

### Fixed
| Where | Cause | Frequency | Before → after |
|---|---|---|---|
| `Polyfills/System.IO.cs` (net48/netstandard2.0) |
`BinaryWriter.Write(ReadOnlySpan<byte>)` polyfill copied with
`ToArray()` — every string, array, ByteString, Guid write | per value |
32–64 B → 0; BrowseResponse×50 encode 15.3 → 10.9 KB |
| `EnumHelper` (net48/netstandard2.0) |
`EnumToInt32`/`Int32ToEnum`/`EnumToInt64` boxed outside
`NET8_0_OR_GREATER` (every enum field, `Variant.From<TEnum>`,
`EnumValue.From`) | per value | 24 B → 0 |
| `BinaryDecoder.ReadString` + stream raw reads (net48) | temp `byte[]`
per string, `BinaryReader.ReadBytes` | per value | BrowseResponse×50
decode 15.7 → 11.3 KB |
| `WriteGuid` / `ReadGuid` (all) | `ToByteArray()` / `byte[16]` | per
value (also Guid NodeIds) | 40 B → 0 each |
| `VariantHelper.TryCastTo<TEnum>` (`DataValue.GetValue<TEnum>`),
`EventRecordFieldReaders.GetEnum` | `Enum.ToObject` box | per call / per
event field | 24 B → 0 |
| `NodeManagerServiceDispatcher.GetManagerHandleAsync` | interface
enumerator per validated node | per node | Write-100: 151.8 → 148.5
KB/request |

### Cold paths (third commit)
- `Server.Auditing` write handler: `Convert.ToBoolean(object)` got a
boxed `Variant` (not `IConvertible`) and threw `InvalidCastException` on
any in-process write; now takes the boolean, `BadTypeMismatch` otherwise
(new test).
- `UpdateServerServiceLevel`: `Convert.ToByte(byte, IFormatProvider)`
bound to the object overload.
- Client publish-state / recovery-policy `HasFlag` (boxes on net48) →
`(x & F) == F`.
- `SequenceReader` big-endian float on net48/netstandard2.0 used
`Convert.ToSingle(int)` (numeric conversion) instead of reinterpreting
the bits.
- JSON enum strings: one `Enum.GetName` + `string.Concat` instead of
`IsDefined` + boxing `CoreUtils.Format`; same output (new test for the
`EnumValue` overload).

Left as is: `SamplingGroup` start-up `Convert.ToInt32(double, provider)`
(rewritten by #4707), `SecureChannelRenewed` formatting (transport files
in flight on the client perf branch), `Utils.IsEqual<T>` object path for
structs (cold callers; changing it would mix `CompareTo` and `Equals`
semantics), Machinery `HasFlag` (startup config).

### Not changed here
- `BinaryEncoder.GetNodeIdEncoding` `Convert.ToUInt32(object)` /
`Convert.ToByte(enum)` (72 B per NodeId encode, largest single item) and
`ChannelAsyncOperation.Complete` boxing the `int` result are handled on
the client performance branch.
- By design: `Variant` / `NodeId` store `ArrayOf<T>`, Guid, ByteString
identifiers boxed (`Variant.Copy` re-boxes RolePermissions during
permission checks).

## Tests
- New `BinaryCodecAllocationTests`: round trips in buffer and stream
decoder mode, truncation errors, allocation per call (< 1 B/call over
20k calls; the counter can be off by an allocation quantum when other
tests GC).
- `Enum.ToObject` equivalence for `TryCastTo` and
`EventRecordFieldReaders.GetEnum` across all underlying types.
- net10.0 (third commit): Types 11465, affected Server 87, Client
subscription 642 passed; net48 Types 11458 passed, `UA.slnx` 0 warnings.
- net10.0: Types 11464, Core.Encoders 2947, Server 8386 passed; Core
6197 passed, 1 unrelated
(`ActivityTraceFlags_Metrics_ShouldRecordMetricsOnly`, passes alone).
- net48: Types 11457, Core.Encoders 2947, EventRecordFieldReaders 25
passed; `UA.slnx` builds with 0 warnings.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-09 14:35:57 +02:00
romanett 28f1401324 Server: cut request-path lock contention and allocation; add load harness (#4707)
Profiling the reference server under load showed most request-path CPU
spent spinning on contended locks, plus several avoidable allocations
per request or per node. This PR removes them, switches the reference
server to Server GC, and adds the load harness used to measure it.

## Results

Paired A/B against `master` (3 alternating rounds, medians, 20 sessions,
workstation GC on both sides, 24-core machine):

| Scenario | Throughput | p50 | p90 | Server CPU / op | Server alloc /
op | Lock contention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Read, 1 value | **+45%** (94k → 137k req/s) | −20% | −46% | −37% |
−39% | −94% |
| Read, 100 values | **+40%** | −26% | −17% | −24% | −25% | +130% ¹ |
| Read, 100 values, SignAndEncrypt | **+48%** | −36% | −20% | −30% |
−26% | +106% ¹ |
| Browse (Server object) | **+33%** | −31% | −12% | −13% | −14% | −40% |
| Write, 100 values | +13% | −12% | −4% | −10% | −19% | −23% |
| Data-change subscriptions | ±0 ² | ≈ | ≈ | −14% | −17% | −29% |

¹ The faster server spends more time in the remaining per-node locks.
² Throughput is bounded by the writer rate in this scenario.

Separately, Server GC instead of workstation GC doubles Read-100
throughput (21k → 44k req/s) and cuts p90 from 2.1 ms to 0.6 ms, because
workstation GC paused the server for about half the wall time under
load. The working set grows from ~210 MB to ~430 MB.

## Changes

- **`ObjectPool<T>`**: lock-free slot array. `ConcurrentBag.Count` took
every per-thread lock on each `Return` of the pooled response value-task
source, once per request.
- **`FairRequestQueue`**:
- drops redundant gate entries: the fail-fast pre-checks and the stopped
check read volatile fields and are re-checked under the gate; the owner
count is folded into selection;
- coalesces wake pulses with a pending flag, so the bounded signal
channel's lock is only taken when no token is outstanding. Wake-count
semantics in the tests are unchanged.
- **`DefaultServerResourceIsolationProvider`**:
  - compares peer addresses without `GetAddressBytes()` allocations;
- builds the unsecured verification context only when a classifier is
configured.
- **TCP listener / channel**: caches the certificate DER copies per
channel, keyed on the certificate instance. `X509Certificate2.RawData`
returns a fresh copy on every access, and the listener read it for every
request.
- **`EndpointBase`**: resolves the request `ActivitySource` once instead
of `Assembly.GetCallingAssembly()` per request.
- **Node managers**:
- one `ServerSystemContext` copy per request (cached on the
`OperationContext`) for per-node callbacks: permission metadata, node
metadata, view membership, method lookup;
  - removes a discarded copy in `GetReferenceDescriptionAsync`;
- per-request operation caches are plain `Dictionary` instead of a
`ConcurrentDictionary` with 24 lock objects;
  - the validation cache is built in one pass;
  - fixes zero-capacity error lists.
- **`ResourceManager`**: translation lookups read an immutable snapshot
that is rebuilt after writes. Browse serialised on the global lock for
every display name.
- **`MonitoredItem`**: shares the default `DataChangeFilter` instead of
allocating one per sampled value.
- **Reference server**: `ServerGarbageCollection=true`; new "Garbage
collector mode" section in `docs/ServerScalability.md`.
- **`perf/`**: `ServerLoadHarness` (out-of-process server plus load
driver, server-side CPU/GC/alloc/contention deltas, optional
`dotnet-trace` capture), `TraceAnalyzer` (TraceEvent-based
CPU/allocation/contention aggregation), and paired A/B scripts. Not part
of `UA.slnx`.

### Behaviour notes for custom node managers
- The `IDictionary<NodeId, NodeState>` operation cache handed to
overrides is now a `Dictionary`. It was a `ConcurrentDictionary`, but
only one request flow uses it.
- Within one request, per-node callbacks of a node manager share one
`ServerSystemContext` copy.

### Later commits on this PR
- **Permission checks without `NodeMetadata`** (`9068684c3`): the
role-permission and access-restriction validators run on an internal
`PermissionMetadata` struct; `AsyncCustomNodeManager` fills it on the
stack from the same attributes and namespace defaults. Browse's
reference filter reads 3 attributes per target instead of 13. Read 100
values: 120.6 → 95.7 KB/request, ~21k → 26k req/s; Browse 67.6 → 51.8
KB, 26.7k → 29.8k req/s.
- **Read-only channel evidence** (`936b28d76`, `dc638ab9f`):
`SecureChannelContext.ClientChannelCertificate`,
`ServerChannelCertificate` and `ChannelThumbprint` are `ByteString`, so
the cached per-channel certificate buffer is shared without a copy and
cannot be altered by handlers or classifiers. **Public API change**, see
the new section in `docs/MigrationGuide.md`. The isolation provider's
revalidation snapshot still copies.
- **Session lookup** (`936b28d76`):
`SessionManager.TryGetSessionContext` takes the candidate snapshot
without the bindings lock; the validating check under the lock is
unchanged (2 instead of 4 global lock acquisitions per request).
- Unit tests for `ObjectPool`, the per-request system context cache, the
translation snapshot, `SecureChannelContext` null semantics and a
stopped `FairRequestQueue`; `perf/` follows the repository conventions.

## Testing
- `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` (net10.0): 8386 passed before the `ByteString`
change. After it, 13 secure-session and isolation tests failed; both
causes are fixed in `dc638ab9f` and those tests (25 with their variants)
pass. A full rerun of the Server, Sessions, Core, Redundancy, LDS and
GDS suites on the final commit is in progress.
- Full solution builds for net10.0 and net48; `dotnet format whitespace`
clean.

### o6-automation opcua-benchmarks (sampling, deep pipelines)
Replicated both tests of the [o6-automation
benchmark](https://github.com/o6-automation/opcua-benchmarks) in the
harness (`--scenario counters`, and `read` with 10 clients × N
outstanding), paired against `origin/master`:

| Test | master | this PR |
|---|---|---|
| Subscription sampling, 100 Hz, every item ≥ 99 % of samples, 1 item |
FAIL (75–94 %) | PASS (100 %) |
| same, 1024 items | FAIL (64–73 %) | PASS (99.9 %) |
| same, capacity | — | between 4096 and 6144 items (~410–520k samples/s)
|
| Read, 10 clients × 100 outstanding, None | stalls (0–1.7k req/s) |
121–131k req/s |
| Read, 10 clients × 100 outstanding, SignAndEncrypt | stalls (0 req/s)
| 89–91k req/s |
| Read, 10 clients × 1000 outstanding | channels faulted
(`BadTcpNotEnoughResources`) | 0 errors, ~45–54k req/s |

- **Fixed-rate sampling** (`30b769d13`): the sampling loop waited one
interval after each sample, adding timer overshoot and sampling time to
every cycle; samples now have absolute deadlines.
- **Async response send** (`cdac5c5ca`): `SendResponse` blocked
thread-pool workers on the channel gate; with many requests in flight
the receive loop that was handed the gate waited for a pool thread and
the channel stalled. The TCP, Kestrel TCP and WebSocket listeners now
use `SendResponseAsync`.
- **Backpressure instead of channel fault** (`191cd2ba7`): server
channels stop reading while more than 100 responses are queued and
resume at 50, instead of faulting the channel. Client channels keep
reading. At 10,000 outstanding requests throughput is ~50k req/s with or
without the limit engaged, so the remaining gap to the 100-per-client
case is not the backpressure.

## Not changed
- `SentMessageQueue` deep-clones every `NotificationMessage`. Retained
messages return their pooled payloads on acknowledgement while the
response copy may still be queued for send, and a client can acknowledge
a sequence number before receiving it; the clone keeps a recycled
payload from reaching another session's response. Removing it needs a
send-completion hook from the transport.
- Generated responses allocate a default `ResponseHeader` that is
replaced (~2-3 % of per-request allocation). Fixing it means making
structure fields of every generated type lazily initialized, a
generator-wide change to default values, equality and encoding.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-09 13:00:49 +02:00
romanett 1fb1134974 Tests: scope MeterListeners to the meter under test (fix flaky ClientBaseTests metrics test) (#4708)
## Problem

`ClientBaseTests.ActivityTraceFlags_Metrics_ShouldRecordMetricsOnly`
failed intermittently in full-suite runs:

```
Expected: "opc.ua.client.request.duration"
But was:  "opc.ua.channel.reconnect.duration"
```

`TelemetryContextBase.CreateMeter()` returns a new `Meter` per call,
named after the calling assembly, so `ClientBase`'s meter and
`ClientChannelManagerMetrics`' meter are both named `Opc.Ua.Core`.
`TestMeterListener` enabled every instrument whose `Meter.Name` matched,
so reconnect-duration measurements from `[Parallelizable]` channel
manager fixtures were recorded and could precede the request duration.

## Fix (test-only)

- `ClientBaseTests.TestMeterListener`: enable instruments only when
`ReferenceEquals(instrument.Meter, meter)`, i.e. the meter instance the
client under test created. Assertions unchanged.
- `CryptoProviderModelTests.AuditorPublishesAProviderMetric`: same flaw
— it enabled every `opc.ua.crypto*` instrument process-wide (fixture is
`ParallelScope.All`), so another auditor's uncertified gauge could
overwrite the observed count. Now scoped to the auditor's own meter
(read via reflection, as `ClientBaseTests` already does for
`ClientBase`).

Other `MeterListener` users reviewed and left as-is: `NodeCacheTests` /
`AdapterMetricsTests` are non-parallel fixtures; channel manager
listeners only assert existence and filter by endpoint tag.

## Verification

- `ClientBaseTests` + `CryptoProviderModelTests`: 4× consecutive, 25/25.
- `FullyQualifiedName~Opc.Ua.Core.Tests.Stack` (net10.0): 2 clean
passes, 3548 passed / 80 skipped. One attempt hung in unrelated
`ClientChannelManagerManagedTests` async tests
(`ReconnectAsyncNotifiesAttachedParticipantsAsync` /
`ReleasingOneLeaseKeepsChannelAliveForOtherAsync`) and was rerun — a
separate intermittent hang.
- net48 build of `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests`: 0 warnings, 0 errors; `dotnet
format whitespace` clean.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-09 11:07:46 +02:00
romanett 7fe7794a19 Enable AES-GCM and ChaCha20-Poly1305 policies on net48 via BouncyCastle (stacked on #4703) (#4705)
> Follow-up to #4703 (now merged to master; this PR has been retargeted
to `master`).

Part of #4510. #4703 enabled the CBC ECC policies on net48 through a
BouncyCastle raw-ECDH polyfill. The AEAD policies were still unavailable
there because .NET Framework has no `AesGcm` or `ChaCha20Poly1305`. This
PR adds those ciphers the same way, so on net48 all of these are now
offered:
`ECC_{nistP256,nistP384,brainpoolP256r1,brainpoolP384r1}_AesGcm` /
`_ChaChaPoly`, `RSA_DH_AesGcm`, `RSA_DH_ChaChaPoly`.

## Changes
- **Polyfill**
`src/Opc.Ua.Security.Certificates/Org.BouncyCastle/AeadCiphers.cs`
(internal, `#if NETFRAMEWORK`, next to `EcdhRawAgreement`): `AesGcm` and
`ChaCha20Poly1305` types with the .NET 8 BCL surface. They wrap
BouncyCastle's `GcmBlockCipher(AesEngine)` and
`Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes.ChaCha20Poly1305`.
- A tag mismatch throws `CryptographicException`, never BC's
`InvalidCipherTextException`, so
`PlatformSymmetricCryptoProvider.DecryptAuthenticated` still returns
`false` and the channel still raises a protocol error.
- GCM releases plaintext blocks before it checks the tag, so plaintext
stays in a scratch buffer and is copied out only after the tag verifies.
On failure the destination is cleared, as the BCL does. Scratch buffers
and the key copy are zeroed.
- **Opc.Ua.Core**: aliases the polyfill types on `NETFRAMEWORK` and
removes the `NET8_0_OR_GREATER` gates in `SecurityPolicies`
(`SupportsAesGcmPolicy` / `SupportsChaCha20Poly1305Policy`),
`CryptoUtils` (`SymmetricEncryptAndSign` / `SymmetricDecryptAndVerify`,
AEAD helpers) and `PlatformSymmetricCryptoProvider`. The channel, the
provider facet and the encrypted ECC user tokens (`EncryptedSecret`,
through `CryptoUtils`) now run the same code on every target. .NET 8+
keeps the BCL ciphers.
- **FIPS** (requested by the #4703 session, after a2ecf13b1): under
`CryptoCompliancePolicy.FipsOnly`, `CryptoCompliance.IsPolicyPermitted`
now also withholds every AEAD policy on .NET Framework. That adds
`RSA_DH_AesGcm`, which is FIPS-approved and not ECC. The BouncyCastle
cipher runs outside any validated module and the user-token path
bypasses the provider registry, so the auditor cannot see it. Tests and
`docs/CryptoProvider.md` are updated to match.
- **Docs**: EccProfiles (Known Limitations), migration `certificates.md`
(and the bundled skill copy), ProductionChecklist, Profiles,
WhatsNewIn2.0, CryptoProvider. They state that on net48 these primitives
run in managed BouncyCastle, which is not a validated (FIPS) module and
not hardware-accelerated or hardened against cache-timing attacks like
CNG AES.

## Tests
- New `AeadPolyfillTests` (Core.Tests):
- Known answers: NIST GCM test cases 2/4 (AES-128) and 14/16 (AES-256),
plus RFC 8439 §2.8.2 for ChaCha20-Poly1305. They run through
`PlatformSymmetricCryptoProvider` on every TFM and through the polyfill
directly.
- Tampering with the tag, the ciphertext or the AAD gives `false` from
the provider, and `CryptographicException` with a cleared plaintext from
the polyfill.
  - Argument validation.
- **BCL cross-check:** on .NET 8+, Core.Tests also compiles
`AeadCiphers.cs` (`AEAD_POLYFILL_CROSSCHECK`, test-only
`BouncyCastle.Cryptography` reference). Polyfill and BCL must produce
identical ciphertext and tag, and each must decrypt the other's output:
3 algorithms × 8 message lengths (0 to 8192) × 3 AAD lengths.
- `CryptoProviderRegistryTests`: `RSA_DH_AesGcm` is permitted under
FipsOnly only off .NET Framework and withheld on it.
- Tests that `Assert.Ignore` when AEAD is unavailable now run on net48,
e.g. `EccSecretRejectsDifferentNegotiatedPolicyAsync` and the
`RSA_DH_AesGcm` server session tests.

### Local results
| Run | Result |
|---|---|
| Core.Tests net48, full (before the FIPS commit) | 6049 passed, 0
failed, 88 skipped |
| Core.Tests crypto/AEAD/ECC/EncryptedSecret/Nonce subset, net48 /
net10.0 | 278 / 343 passed, 0 skipped |
| Server.Tests session-security/ECC subset, net48 | 128 passed, 0
skipped |
| `EccInteropTests` net48 vs **open62541 1.5.8 (OpenSSL)** peer | all 16
AEAD cases pass, 4 of them two-renewal token-renewal runs
(`ECC_nistP256_AesGcm`/`_ChaChaPoly` × Sign/SignAndEncrypt ×
Anonymous/UserName, both directions). Remaining 8 failures are the
documented open62541 CBC Sign-only HKDF differences in
`expected-differences.json` |
| `EccInteropTests` net48 vs 1.5.378 LegacyPeer | unchanged 26 passed /
28 skipped |

Note on the acceptance criterion: the 1.5.378 LegacyPeer does not
implement the AEAD policies, so its
`_AesGcm`/`_ChaChaPoly`/`*AeadTokenRenewalAsync` cases skip on every TFM
("The peer (UA-.NETStandard) does not declare …"). Before this PR they
skipped on the 2.0 side; now they get past it and stop at the peer
check. The open62541 peer is the real cross-stack check of the net48
AEAD path against a non-BouncyCastle implementation.

## PubSub DTLS on net48
The DTLS 1.3 transport (`src/Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp/Dtls`) was compiled out
on .NET Framework, so net48 registered no DTLS profiles. It now reuses
the same polyfills (`Opc.Ua.Security.Certificates` gains
`InternalsVisibleTo Opc.Ua.PubSub.Udp`):
- The `NET8_0_OR_GREATER` gates in the handshake, ECDHE, record
protection and profile probe are removed.
- Two .NET 8 APIs get net48 fallbacks: the AES-ECB record-number mask
uses `CreateEncryptor`, and the handshake random uses
`RandomNumberGenerator.Create`.
- The HKDF probe now checks the managed `DtlsHkdf` that the key schedule
actually uses.
- The public `IsAeadSupported` / `IsRawSharedSecretSupported` probes are
kept and now return `true` everywhere.
- The DTLS tests now also run on net48. The net48 "registers no
profiles" test now asserts that the NIST AEAD profiles are registered.
The socket transport-peer tests and the benchmarks stay .NET 8-only
because they use .NET 8 socket APIs.
- `docs/PubSub.md` DTLS profile table: the net48 column is updated.

Results: PubSub.Udp.Tests net48, full suite: **229 passed, 0 skipped**.
It includes complete NIST AEAD, brainpool and integrity-only handshakes
and ChaCha20 records. The DTLS subset is 76 on net48 vs 81 on net10.0;
the 5 still-gated socket-peer tests are the difference.

Note: DTLS profile selection does not consult `CryptoCompliancePolicy`
on any target. That is pre-existing and unchanged here.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-09 06:30:14 +02:00
romanett 2ba58a8cbf WoT: move GeneratesEvent off Object instances (OPC 10000-3 §7.15) (#4706)
Fixes #4669.

OPC 10000-3 §7.15 says the SourceNode of `GeneratesEvent` "shall be an
ObjectType, a VariableType or a Method". CTT `Base Info Core Structure 2
001.js` flags every Object that is the source of one. #4667 fixed this
in the source generator. This PR fixes the three remaining WoT places.

### 1. WotCon asset registry
- `AssetRegistry.BuildEventNode` / `RemoveEventTypes` no longer add or
remove `GeneratesEvent` from the asset Object. Event delivery already
relies on `EventNotifier = SubscribeToEvents` and root-notifier
registration.
- Tests now assert the reference is **absent** and the notifier bit is
set. The re-apply test asserts that the old EventType node is gone.

### 2. WoT NodeSet converter (`src/Opc.Ua.Types/Wot`)
- **TD → NodeSet:** a last pass (`RelocateInstanceGeneratesEvent`) moves
forward `GeneratesEvent` references off an Object/Variable root:
- An event the bound type already declares needs nothing more. Matching
is by qualified BrowseName against the local context's declarations, the
same rule as the declaration merge.
- Any other event is declared by a synthesized non-abstract
`<rootLocal>Type`. It derives from the bound type (or from
`BaseObjectType` / `BaseDataVariableType` when the TD binds none) and
becomes the instance's `HasTypeDefinition`. A Variable root gets a
`UAVariableType` with the instance's DataType and ValueRank.
- Thing Models are unchanged: the projected type keeps its
`GeneratesEvent`.
- **NodeSet → TD:**
- An instance's event affordances are now collected from its type
definition and that type's supertypes. Instance-level `GeneratesEvent`
is still read for third-party NodeSets.
- In a single readable document, a type that only carries one instance's
events (only `HasSubtype` + `GeneratesEvent`, typing exactly one
instance) is not chosen as root. It is folded back: its supertype
becomes the type binding, and no link is written when that supertype is
the default base type. The TD → NodeSet → TD round trip stays readable,
with no `uav:nodes` fallback.
- A document set gives the carrier its own Thing Model, and the instance
TD binds to it.
- **Archive check:** an event affordance is accepted when the root's
type definition, or one of its supertypes, generates it.
- `docs/WoTNodeSetConversion.md` documents the behaviour in a new "Event
source" row.

### 3. Aggregation sample
- `SamplePump.NodeSet2.xml`: each pump is typed by its own `PumpType`
subtype, `ns=1;s=Pump1.Type` (`Pump_1Type`) and `Pump2.Type`, which
declares its alarm EventTypes.
- It is per pump because each pump owns its alarm EventTypes.
`Pump2.Type` is cloned with the rest of Pump2.
- The pumps keep `EventNotifier="1"` and no longer carry
`GeneratesEvent`.
- The checked-in documents are regenerated, adding
`sample-pump-pump-1type.json` / `-2type.json`. The pump TDs still list
the alarm event affordances.
- The sample binding lookup ignores Thing Models, because the type's TM
declares the same EventType as the pump TD. A declaration missing from
the instance still fails as before.
- Docs: `WoTConnectivity.md` (asset event affordances, §12.4.2) and
`WotBindings.md`. The `GeneratesEvent` clause in the sample-limitation
note was already stale, so I removed it.

### Runtime check
`WotNativeOwnershipIndex` only uses `GeneratesEvent` in its alias table.
Projected event routing takes the owner from `uav:componentOf` /
`uav:id` and the notifier from Parent/`HasNotifier`. Nothing in
`Opc.Ua.WotCon.Server` reads an instance-level `GeneratesEvent`.

### Tests (net10.0)
- `Opc.Ua.Types.Tests`: 11446 passed, 1 skipped. New
`WotInstanceEventSourceTests` covers object and variable roots, TMs, the
TD with no events, the folded round trip, the legacy instance reference
and the document set. Two bound-type cases were added to
`WotDeclarationMergeBoundaryTests`.
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Bindings.Tests`: 714 passed.
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Tests`: 1496 passed, including the byte-exact sample
regeneration tests.
- net48 build of both test projects is clean, and `dotnet format
whitespace` is clean.

Not run: CTT `Base Info Core Structure 2 001.js` (p02-base-info) against
a WotCon server.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-08 20:57:20 +00:00
romanett 1da9fc0543 Redundancy.Server session mirroring: fix fast reconnect lifecycle (#4627) (#4704)
Fixes #4627 — the eight Redundancy.Server session mirroring defects
(HotAndMirrored fast reconnect).

## Changes

| ID | Fix |
|----|-----|
| RS-1 | The owning replica mirrors a liveness heartbeat
(`LastContactAt`), written at most once per quarter of the session
timeout while the client uses the session
(`DistributedSessionOptions.LivenessInterval`, default 1 s). A restore
expires the timeout after the later of the last activation and the last
mirrored contact, plus the heartbeat's maximum lag. |
| RS-2 | Entries record their owning replica (`OwnerId`). Only the owner
mirrors and deletes the entry. A restore takes ownership with a
conditional write. A stale copy on the previous replica is dropped
without deleting the entry, both when its heartbeat sees the change and
when the client fails back to it. `ISharedSessionStore` gains
`TryReplaceAsync`, `TryRemoveAsync` and `EnumerateAsync`. Over a store
without CAS (the CRDT gossip store) they fall back to
compare-then-write. |
| RS-3 | A restored session keeps the SessionId from `CreateSession`:
`Session.RequestedId`, and `DiagnosticsNodeManager` honours a requested
id when it is free. `DistributedSessionManager` mints GUID SessionIds
that are unique across the replica set. Continuation points therefore
stay under one owner id across repeated failovers. |
| RS-4 | Sessions whose user token is encrypted with an ECC/RSA-DH
EphemeralKey are flagged. Their restore is rejected up front
(`EphemeralKeyUnavailable`), before anything is consumed or counted as a
failed authentication. The documented option from the issue was chosen
over mirroring ephemeral private keys. |
| RS-5 | New `SessionManager.AdmitRestoredSessionAsync` hook: the
mirrored nonce is consumed only after the restored activation has passed
the signature, identity and continuity checks. If a restored session's
first activation fails, the session is discarded without the virtual
close, so the shared entry is untouched. Restored copies that are not
admitted now also release their diagnostics node, and
`CurrentSessionCount` is balanced for restored sessions. |
| RS-6 | Expired entries are deleted on restore and by a periodic sweep
(`SweepInterval`, default 5 min). The sweep also purges consumed-nonce
markers that no live entry references and that are older than
`NonceMarkerRetention` (default 1 h), via
`ISingleUseNonceRegistry.PurgeAsync`. |
| RS-7 | `SharedKeyValueSessionStore` and
`DistributedSessionManagerFactory` now throw for an external store
without an `IRecordProtector`, as the DI registration already does. Pass
`NullRecordProtector.Instance` to opt out explicitly. |
| RS-8 | Entries carry the original server certificate. A restored
session accepts a client signature over either that certificate or its
own one (`Session.OriginalServerCertificate`). |

Entries are now written at `SecurityStateVersion` 5. Entries at versions
3 and 4 can still be restored, without an owner.

### API changes (Redundancy.Server)
- New members on `ISharedSessionStore` and `ISingleUseNonceRegistry`.
- An optional `TimeProvider` parameter on
`SharedSingleUseNonceRegistry`.
- New `DistributedSessionOptions` properties.
- `SharedSessionEntry` v5 fields.
- `SharedKeyValueSessionStore` and `DistributedSessionManagerFactory`
throw for external stores without a protector.

## Tests
- New unit tests for every finding: the
restore/heartbeat/ownership/sweep/SessionId paths of
`DistributedSessionManager`; store conditional writes, the CAS fallback
and v5 round-trips; the registry purge; the factory/store guard; base
`SessionRestoreTests` (admitted once, discarded on validation failure or
rejected admission); and `SessionOriginalServerCertificateTests`.
- New end-to-end test
`SessionUsedPastItsTimeoutFailsOverWithItsSessionIdAsync`. The client
uses the session for 2× its timeout, then fails over. The test checks
that the SessionId is preserved and that the standby serves that
SessionId and owns the entry. It also closes the stale copy and checks
the entry survives. With the heartbeat disabled, the test fails as
expected.
- Local net10.0 runs: Redundancy.Server.Tests 883/883, Server.Tests 8347
passed / 5 skipped, Sessions.Tests 849 passed / 379 skipped (the usual
baseline). The net48 build is clean. The Redundancy session tests pass
on net48; the ECC-only cases are skipped there.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 21:54:14 +02:00
romanett d552634258 Enable ECC security policies on net48 via a BouncyCastle raw-ECDH polyfill (#4703)
Closes #4510.

## Summary

OPC UA Part 6 feeds the **raw** ECDH shared secret into HKDF. .NET
Framework only exposes `ECDiffieHellman.DeriveKeyMaterial`, which always
hashes it, so the ECC SecureChannel and user-token policies were
unavailable on `net48` (`SecurityPolicies.GetInfo` returned `null`).

This adds a BouncyCastle polyfill for just that primitive:

-
**`Opc.Ua.Security.Certificates/Org.BouncyCastle/EcdhRawAgreement.cs`**
(`net48` only): an internal `DeriveRawSecretAgreement(this
ECDiffieHellman, ECDiffieHellmanPublicKey)` extension using
`ECDHBasicAgreement`. It returns the X coordinate padded to the field
size, exactly like the .NET 8 BCL method. Keys stay CNG keys; ECDSA
signatures and HKDF stay on the platform — only the agreement step is
managed code. The point is validated (on curve, not infinity) and
mismatched curves are rejected.
- Because the extension mirrors the .NET 8 signature,
`Nonce.GenerateSecret` now has one code path on every target.
- `SupportsRawEccSecretAgreement()` is removed; the CBC-based ECC
policies (`ECC_nistP256`, `ECC_nistP384`, `ECC_brainpoolP256r1`,
`ECC_brainpoolP384r1`) are offered on every target (still subject to OS
curve support).
- BouncyCastle was already a `net48` dependency of
`Opc.Ua.Security.Certificates`; no new package. (Only `net48` is
downlevel now — `netstandard2.1`/`net472` from the issue text are no
longer targets.)

**Not in scope:** the `_AesGcm` / `_ChaChaPoly` ECC variants (and PubSub
DTLS) still need .NET 8 because .NET Framework has no AEAD ciphers —
follow-up stacked on this branch.

## Docs

`EccProfiles.md` (Known limitations), `migrate/2.0.x/certificates.md`,
`ProductionChecklist.md`, `Profiles.md`, `WhatsNewIn2.0.md`. Calls out
that on `net48` the agreement step does not run in a FIPS/validated
module.

## Tests (local)

| Suite | Result |
|---|---|
| `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` full, net48 | 5956 passed, 0 failed |
| `EccInteropTests` net48 vs 1.5.378 peer (net8.0, native raw ECDH) | 26
passed; 28 skipped (AEAD + curve25519/448) — all four CBC curves, both
directions, UserName tokens, token renewal |
| `Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` ECC filter, net48 | 52 passed, 0 failed |
| Server `SessionCoverageTests`/`EphemeralNonce*`, Configuration builder
tests, net48 | all pass |
| Nonce/ECC/EncryptedSecret + session tests, net10.0 | all pass |

New tests: symmetric agreement on all four curves; on net48 an oracle
against CNG (`SHA256(raw) == DeriveKeyFromHash`); curve mismatch and
off-curve rejection. Tests that asserted the old net48 limitation were
updated.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 21:52:44 +02:00
romanett 78e66f3473 Aggregates: TreatUncertainAsBad never applies to bounding values; DurationGood/Bad count Good/Bad regions only (#4702)
# Description

Server-side aggregate fixes that follow three answers from the OPC
Foundation on Mantis:
- [11462](https://mantis.opcfoundation.org/view.php?id=11462)
(~0025840): TreatUncertainAsBad does not apply to bounding values.
- [11425](https://mantis.opcfoundation.org/view.php?id=11425)
(~0025847): DurationGood counts only Good regions and DurationBad only
Bad regions, and TreatUncertainAsBad does not apply.
- [11426](https://mantis.opcfoundation.org/view.php?id=11426)
(~0025852): Minimum, Maximum, the ActualTime variants and Range look at
Uncertain values as if they are Good.

The principle in 11425 and 11426 is that the aggregate definition wins
over TreatUncertainAsBad. The CTT-side defects are filed as
[11487](https://mantis.opcfoundation.org/view.php?id=11487).

### Bounding values (`AggregateCalculator`,
`StartEndAggregateCalculator`)
- Simple (§3.1.9) and Interpolated (§3.1.8) Bounding Values are formed
from **non-Bad** raw values (`IsBoundCandidate`), whatever
TreatUncertainAsBad is.
- An Uncertain raw value before or after the timestamp makes the bound
`UncertainDataSubNormal`.
- A raw value exactly at the timestamp is the bound and keeps its own
status.
- Only a **Bad** value after a Simple bound reverts to stepped
interpolation.
- StartBound/EndBound keep an Uncertain bound instead of `Bad_NoData`
(Tables 76/77).
- WorstQuality2 now includes an Uncertain start bound, as §5.4.3.36
requires ("the server shall ignore the TreatUncertainAsBad for this
aggregate").

### How aggregates use the values (unchanged rule, two gaps closed)
TreatUncertainAsBad still governs how an aggregate uses the values
inside the interval, including an Uncertain bound.
- `GetRegionsInValueSet` now also converts an Uncertain **first** region
to Bad for Simple-bound aggregates. TimeAverage2/Total2 therefore omit
it like any other Uncertain region (§5.4.3.7, Table 55 "Bound
Uncertain").
- TimeAverage/Total (Interpolated bounds) still use an Uncertain bound
and report Uncertain (Table 54).
- TimeAverage2/Total2 return the PercentTime status `Bad` instead of
`Bad_NoData` for an interval that has data but only omitted data
(§5.4.3.2.1).
- Minimum2/Maximum2 are unchanged: an Uncertain bound is a candidate
only when TreatUncertainAsBad is false (§5.4.3.15).

### NumberOfTransitions (`CountAggregateCalculator`)
§5.4.3.24 speaks only of "non-Bad" values, and Table 72 says "Bound
Uncertain: Use as value". So:
- Uncertain values are counted and can be the previous value, whatever
TreatUncertainAsBad is.
- The previous value is the nearest non-Bad value before the interval
(the early bound).

This reverses an earlier change that made NumberOfTransitions honour
TreatUncertainAsBad.

### Minimum, Maximum, MinimumActualTime, MaximumActualTime, Range
(`MinMaxAggregateCalculator`)
Per the 11426 answer:
- Every non-Bad value is a candidate, whatever TreatUncertainAsBad is.
- An Uncertain extremum is returned with `UncertainDataSubNormal` plus
Calculated. ActualTime keeps the timestamp of the first such value.
- Otherwise the status is Good unless the interval contains Bad values
(then `UncertainDataSubNormal`); it is `BadNoData` if all values are
Bad.
- Range is max − min over the non-Bad values. It is Uncertain if either
extremum is Uncertain or Bad values exist.

Before this change the server ignored an Uncertain value beyond the Good
extremum and returned the Good one with an Uncertain status.
Minimum2/Maximum2/Range2 are unchanged, because §5.4.3.15 ties them to
TreatUncertainAsBad explicitly.

### DurationGood/DurationBad/PercentGood/PercentBad
(`StatusAggregateCalculator`)
- A region is Good only if its data point is Good, and Bad only if it is
Bad.
- Uncertain counts for neither (§5.4.3.31–34).
- The first region still takes the status of the raw value at or before
the start.

### Tests
- New `Aggregates/BoundingValueTreatUncertainAsBadTests`: DeltaBounds,
StartBound/EndBound, TimeAverage2/Total2, Interpolative,
NumberOfTransitions (forward and reverse),
DurationGood/Bad/PercentGood/Bad.
- New Min/Max test for Bad-only and Bad-next-to-Good intervals.
- Updated tests that encoded the old interpretation:
  - Interpolative with an Uncertain raw value at the start: 2 tests.
  - Duration/Percent Good/Bad: 2 tests.
  - NumberOfTransitions with TreatUncertainAsBad: 2 tests.
- Minimum/Maximum/Range with an Uncertain extremum or only Uncertain
values: 2 tests in Server.Tests, 1 in History.Tests.
- `ProcessedReadUsesAdvertisedNodeAggregateDefaultsAsync`: it now probes
the TreatUncertainAsBad default with Count, because PercentGood no
longer depends on it.

### CTT verification
CTT 1.05.513 with the patched scripts (c3674ff, which encode the
11462/11425/11426 answers), Aggregates part (p06):

| Server | Errors | Warnings | Pass | NotImpl |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| master fa06c66db | 185 | 1 | 1078 | 3 |
| this branch (854769a0c) | **0** | 2 | 1262 | 3 |

The 185 errors on master break down as:
- Bounds: DeltaBounds 9, StartBound 12, EndBound 12, WorstQuality2 11,
TimeAverage2 5, Total2 5, Interpolative 1.
- Duration*/Percent*: DurationBad 18, PercentBad 18, DurationGood 4,
PercentGood 4.
- Minimum/Maximum/MinimumActualTime/MaximumActualTime/Range: 70.
- NumberOfTransitions: 16.

The 2 warnings on this branch are ActivateSession response-delay
warnings in `initialize.js`, caused by machine load.

Alarms & Conditions (p18) failed intermittently on PR builds: in the
Refresh2, Shelving and Exclusive/Non-Exclusive Level CUs, subscriptions
were lost or filtered events were missing. The same clean build of
854769a0c failed once (3 errors) and passed once (0 errors). The PR with
`src/Opc.Ua.Server/Aggregates` reverted passed, and master passes too.
These failures are A&C flakiness on a heavily loaded shared machine and
are not caused by this PR, whose code runs only in HistoryRead and
aggregate-filter MonitoredItems.

Full 23-part CTT run against this branch (854769a0c, patched scripts
c3674ff/c341918): **1 error in total**, GDS Application Directory
`019.js`, a known CTT native-stack defect (Mantis 11409) that also fails
on master. Aggregates (p06) and Alarms & Conditions (p18) have 0 errors,
and no test case went from Pass to Error compared with master.

### Reviewer notes
- §3.1.7 says *"In all cases the TreatUncertainAsBad (see 4.2.1.2) flag
is used to determine whether Uncertain values are Bad or non-Bad."* This
branch follows the answer to 11462, which states that the flag does not
apply to bounding values. This is documented in `plans/ctt-issues.md`
(U4).
- TimeAverage2/Total2 still apply TreatUncertainAsBad to an Uncertain
start bound when they use it: Table 55 says "Bound Uncertain: Treated as
any other Uncertain value", and the definition omits non-Good data. This
includes a start bound that is Uncertain only because the raw value
after it is Bad.
- Not in scope: `CastToOriginalType` uses `Convert.ToInt32(double)`
(banker's rounding), whereas Part 4 §7.7.3 says to add 0.5 and truncate.
The two differ only at .5 and for negative values.

## Related Issues

- Mantis 11462, 11425 (answers implemented), 11487 (CTT side)

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
(Aggregate/Historian tests of Opc.Ua.Server.Tests and
Opc.Ua.History.Tests on net10.0; net48 build only)
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 21:49:13 +02:00
romanett 9b034f8291 Enable nullable reference types centrally; migrate all unset and annotations-only projects (#4700)
# Description

Nullable reference types are now enabled once, in `common.props`, and
every project in the repository builds warning-clean with them.

**Configuration**
- `<Nullable>enable</Nullable>` lives in `common.props`. All per-project
`<Nullable>` settings are removed: 178 project files (enable,
annotations, and the `disable` in the three Aot test projects).
- 419 per-file `#nullable enable`/`restore` directives and the 4
`#nullable disable` directives are removed.
- Kept on purpose:
- The 5 `<auto-generated>` schema files (`UANodeSet.cs`, `UA Type
Dictionary.cs`, `OPCBinarySchema.cs`, `SecuredApplication.cs`,
`PInvokeHelper.cs`) keep `#nullable enable`. The compiler ignores the
project setting in generated code, so the directive is required there.
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Interop.LegacyPeer` keeps `disable`. It builds against
the 1.5.378 packages and does not import the repository props.
- `docs/DeveloperGuide.md` and `.github/copilot-instructions.md` now
describe the central setting.

**Migration** (the 43 unset and 13 annotations-only projects, roughly
10k diagnostics)
- **Production code: annotated at the declarations.** Covers
`tools/Opc.Ua.SourceGeneration.Core`, `src/Opc.Ua.Lds.Server` and the
LDS sample.
- Members, parameters and returns are nullable where null actually
flows.
- Null-check helpers carry `[NotNullWhen]` (`IsNull`, `IsValidXmlName`,
`IsMethodTypeDesign`).
- `CoreUtils.Format`, `Utils.Format`, `ITemplateWriter.WriteLine` take
`params object?[]`. `Template.AddReplacement` takes `string?` (rendering
already skips null replacements).
- `IRegisteredServerStore.RegisterAsync` returns
`Task<RegistrationEntry?>`: it returns null when a registration is
removed.
- Dereferences backed by an invariant (for example, the validated model)
use `!`, so runtime behaviour is unchanged.
- **Behavioural changes in production code** (small, deliberate):
- `NodeSetToModelDesign` throws `InvalidOperationException` when the
file is not a NodeSet. Before, it threw a NullReferenceException on the
next line.
- `ModelDesignValidator` starts its lookup tables empty instead of null.
A redundant `if (m_nodes == null) return;` guard is gone.
- **Test code: minimal annotations.**
  - `?` on values that can be null, `!` where the test asserts non-null.
  - `= null!` for fixture members assigned in SetUp.
- `TryGetStructure<T>(out T? x)` where the inferred `T?` broke the
`IEncodeable` constraint.
- A few redundant `== null` checks on structs (`NodeId`, `ArrayOf<T>`)
folded into the adjacent `IsNull`/`Count` checks.

**Notes for reviewers**
- The diff is large (~1,500 files) but almost entirely mechanical: `?`,
`!` and directive removal. The non-annotation changes are listed above.
- Known follow-up, not done here:
`IModelDesign.Namespaces/TargetNamespace/NamespaceUris` stay
non-nullable even though the validator returns null before it loads a
dictionary. Making them nullable would ripple through every generator
call site.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4439

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

The "no new warnings" box covers net10.0 and net48: full non-incremental
builds of `UA.slnx`, `tools/SourceGeneration.slnx`,
`tools/MigrationAnalyzer.slnx` and the Aot test projects finished with 0
warnings and 0 errors under the repository's warnings-as-errors
settings. net9.0 and net8.0 also had no nullable diagnostics, but they
were not rebuilt after the final fixes. Tests have not been run locally
yet.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 08:48:13 +02:00
romanett cd4dbbe66e WebApi: apply the REST auth opt-ins to the opcua+openapi WebSocket upgrade (#4699)
# Description

Follow-up to #4674 for the WebSocket side of the OpenAPI binding.

- **Plain `opcua+openapi` upgrade uses the REST auth.** When
`AddWebApiBasicAuth` / `AddWebApiBearerAuth` / `AddWebApiMutualTlsAuth`
is configured, the upgrade runs the same default authorization policy as
the REST route group (`RequireAuthorization()`), because the upgrade is
dispatched by the listener after routing. Requests that don't satisfy it
get the schemes' challenge (401 + `WWW-Authenticate`) or 403. Without an
auth opt-in the behaviour is unchanged.
- **Upstream identity on the channel.** For both `opcua+openapi` and
`opcua+openapi+<accesstoken>`, the authenticated principal is mapped
through `ISessionlessIdentityProvider` into
`SecureChannelContext.UpstreamIdentity`, as the REST routes already do
per request.
- **Token lifetime.** A credential whose `exp` claim has already passed
is refused at upgrade, also within the JwtBearer clock skew, and the
socket is closed when the token expires.
- **Refused upgrades complete their response.** Before, the admission
lease aborted the connection when an upgrade was refused, so clients
could see a connection reset instead of the 401/503. Refused upgrades on
HTTP/1.x now carry `Connection: close` and Kestrel closes the connection
after sending the response.

The other WebSocket sub-protocols (`opcua+uacp`, `opcua+uajson`) and the
HTTPS binary/JSON endpoint are unchanged: per Part 6 §7.4 they
authenticate through the OPC UA session layer, not HTTP credentials.

## Tests

New cases in `RealHttpsListenerIntegrationTests.Authentication.cs`
against a real `HttpsTransportListener`:
- the plain upgrade for Basic, Bearer and mTLS with no, wrong,
wrong-scheme and valid credentials (status, challenge, and that nothing
reaches the server callback);
- `UpstreamIdentity` set for both `opcua+openapi` variants;
- an expired token, in the `Authorization` header and in the
sub-protocol;
- the socket closing when the token expires.

Locally on net10.0: `Opc.Ua.Bindings.Https.WebApi.Tests` 499/499,
`Opc.Ua.Core.Tests` (Wss/OpenApi/Https) 243/243, `Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests`
(Wss/Https/WebApi) 53/53. `Opc.Ua.Bindings.Https` builds on all TFMs
with 0 warnings.

## Related Issues

- Follow-up to #4674

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-08 06:20:17 +02:00
romanett b8f07843b2 Secure channel: never answer with an expired token; accept a just-expired one (+ labelled soak/stress CI) (#4698)
## Summary

**Secure channel: a client could drop the channel when the server
answered with a just-expired token.** Running the long-dormant
ConnectionStability soak locally, the subscription channel shut down
with `BadSecureChannelClosed`. The session then timed out and the
subscription was abandoned. Root cause, against OPC 10000-4 §5.6.2.1:

1. **Server (rule 2: use the old token only "until the SecurityToken
expires").** After a renew, the server keeps securing messages with the
old token until the client sends something secured with the new one.
That activation only happened on *receive*. A client that sends nothing,
for example one whose Publish requests are all outstanding, kept getting
responses secured with the old token after it expired.
2. **Client (rule 3: "accept Messages secured by an expired
SecurityToken for up to 25 % of the token lifetime").** The client
rejected any such response the moment the token expired, throwing
`BadTcpSecureChannelUnknown`, and shut the channel down.

From the failing run (token lifetime 10 s): the client renewed to token
#11 at 09:59:01.686 and sent nothing on that channel afterwards. The
server, still on #10, sent a Publish response at 09:59:04.389, 380 ms
after #10 expired. The client rejected it and closed the channel.
Nothing reconnected, the 10 s session timeout expired, and the server
abandoned the subscription.

Both halves date back to the 2016 initial commit; this is not a recent
regression. It hits whenever the client sends nothing on the channel
between renewing and the old token's expiry, so it is timing-dependent.

### Fix
- `UaSCBinaryChannel.ActivateRenewedTokenIfDue()` activates a pending
renewed token once the current one passes `TokenActivationPeriod` (95
%). This is the rule the receive path already applied. It is now shared,
and `TcpServerChannel.SendResponse` calls it before securing a response.
- `ReadSymmetricMessage` accepts responses (not requests) secured with
an expired token for `TcpMessageLimits.TokenExpiryGracePeriod` (25 %) of
its lifetime.

### Tests
`TcpReconnectKeyAgreementTests` now runs the server channel and the peer
on one shared `FakeTimeProvider`:
- `ResponseSentAfterTheCurrentTokenExpiresUsesTheRenewedTokenAsync`: a
response sent at 96 % of the old token's lifetime is secured with the
renewed token.
-
`ResponseSecuredWithTheExpiredTokenIsAcceptedWithinTheGracePeriodAsync`:
accepted at 120 % of the lifetime, rejected at 130 %.

Both fail without the fix. All 40 tests in the fixture pass with it.

## CI: soak and stress runs on labelled PRs (and the soak that tested
nothing)

The bug stayed hidden because `stability-test.yml` still filtered
`Opc.Ua.Client.Tests` after #3810 moved the test to
`Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` (2026-05-28). Since then the nightly has run
**zero tests** while reporting green: runs dropped from ~100 min to ~15
min.

- `stability-test.yml` now targets `Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` and writes a
TRX file.
- New `.github/scripts/assert-tests-ran.ps1`, used by all three opt-in
workflows, fails a run in which no test executed, or none passed.
Contract-tested in `CiAssertTestsRanTests`.
- Like `interop`, the opt-in workflows can now run on a labelled PR.
They are not required checks. A later push cancels the run in progress,
and adding an unrelated label neither starts nor cancels a run.

| Label | Workflows | Run on a PR |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `stress` | Stress Tests (ChaosTCP) | Random seed, saved as
`chaos-seed.txt` in the results artifact |
| `soak` | Connection Stability Test, Sample HA Long-Haul Test | 30 min
stability; 15 min per HA scenario |

## Test plan

- [x] `TcpReconnectKeyAgreementTests`: 40/40 pass; the 2 new tests fail
without the fix
- [x] All `Opc.Ua.Core.Tests.Stack` tests (net10.0): 3548 passed, 0
failed
- [x] `CiAssertTestsRanTests`: 4/4
- [x] `soak` + `stress` labelled run on this PR (before the fix): both
stability tests, both HA long-haul scenarios and ChaosTCP passed on
Linux (the label triggers and push-cancellation work)
- [x] Local short-haul soak with the fix (Windows, 10 s tokens), 2 runs:
both pass with full notification counts; run 2 hit the window once
(`Token activated forced` on send) and kept the channel
- [x] `soak` + `stress` labelled run with the fix: Connection Stability
(2 tests), Sample HA Long-Haul and ChaosTCP all pass

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 19:14:25 +02:00
romanett e5b6d1352d Fix CI test flakes: WotCon end-to-end timeout and HTTPS listener port race (#4697)
Fixes two CI test failures. Both changes are test-only.

## WotCon: `UnavailableUpstreamEndpointFailsMappedReadAsync` timed out
on Windows Debug
This test failed the same way in two nightlies in a row (runs
[37171493229](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37171493229)
and
[36287479915](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/36287479915),
`test-windows-net10.0-debug`, 4m06s). It threw `TaskCanceledException`
instead of the expected `ServiceResultException`.

The read did not hang. The cancellation came from the test's own
4-minute token, which is passed into `ReadAsync`. That budget covers the
whole workflow:
- Uploading and refreshing the 533 sample documents takes about 3m45s on
a Windows Debug runner.
- On Windows, each refused loopback connect to the unavailable upstream
costs about 2s, because of SYN retries. The mapped read touches 9
SourceA nodes, and each one tries twice, which adds about 36s.

Same commit on other legs: Windows Release passed at 2m35s, Linux Debug
at 3m53s.

This test and `BadTargetMappingFailsRefreshAsync` (3m52s on the same
leg) now use the 8-minute budget the other full-workflow tests already
have. The assertions are unchanged.

## HTTPS: `RealHttpsListenerIntegrationTests` failed with AddressInUse
on macOS
Run
[37581622082](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37581622082)
failed in `test-macos-net10.0` with `Failed to bind to address
https://[::]:49402: address already in use`. The failing tests were
`AllBindingsForwardObservedPeerAddressAsync` (3 cases) and
`AuthOptInIsEnforcedByRealHttpsListenerAsync`.

`FindAvailableTcpPort()` probed `127.0.0.1:0`, closed the socket and
handed the port to Kestrel, which then binds `[::]:port`. The port is in
the ephemeral range, so another process could take it between the probe
and the bind. Nothing retried.

Changes:
- The setup and the auth listener open the listener through a new
`OpenListenerOnFreePortAsync` helper. On AddressInUse it disposes the
listener and retries with a fresh listener and a new port, up to 5
attempts. The AddressInUse check uses the same matching as
`ServerFixtureUtils.IsPortUnavailable`.
- The port probe now uses `TcpListener.Create(0)`, a dual-mode IPv6 any
socket, so it checks the same address Kestrel binds.

## Testing
- `Opc.Ua.WotCon.Samples.Tests`, both affected tests: pass on net10.0 in
Debug and Release.
- `Opc.Ua.Bindings.Https.WebApi.Tests`: 483/483 pass on net10.0. The
retry path was checked by forcing a taken port on the first probe.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 18:21:05 +02:00
romanett 731600801a Release: stop retrying 404s in the feed gates; keep GitHub Release notes under the size limit (#4696)
# Description

`Release to nuget.org` [run
37591540644](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37591540644)
was the stable 2.0.0 promotion. It spent more than an hour in **Verify
already-published package identity**. It pushed every package to both
feeds and created the `2.0.0` tag, then
[failed](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37591540644/job/112693955843)
in **Tag published package candidate** before the GitHub Release
existed. This PR fixes both problems.

## 1. Feed gates retried every 404

PowerShell 7's `Invoke-WebRequest -MaximumRetryCount` retries every
status from 400 to 599, and that includes 404. `-SkipHttpErrorCheck`
stops the error from being thrown but doesn't stop the retries. Both
feed gates ask once per package whether an id/version is published, and
404 is the normal "not yet" answer. Each absent package therefore cost 3
retries × 5 s, about 15 s. A stable set is never pushed automatically,
so for 2.0.0 every package, `.Debug` included, was absent on **both**
feeds.

- `package-version-policy.ps1`: adds `Invoke-FeedRequest`. It retries
only network failures, 408, 429 and 5xx, and returns every other
response straight away. After the last retry it returns the final
response, or rethrows the network error.
- `assert-published-packages-match.ps1` and
`validate-preview-package-ordering.ps1` call it instead of
`Invoke-WebRequest -MaximumRetryCount 3 -RetryIntervalSec 5`. The status
handling in each caller is unchanged, so the gates still fail closed:
anything other than 200 or 404 still blocks.
-
`PackageVersionPolicyTests.GetGitHubPackagesPublishedVersionPagesResultsAndFailsClosedAsync`
now dot-sources the policy script so the extracted function can find
`Invoke-FeedRequest`. The `Invoke-WebRequest` stub still intercepts the
call.
- New stub-based tests check that `Invoke-FeedRequest` makes one request
for 200/400/403/404 and retries 408/429/5xx exactly `MaximumRetryCount`
times. They also check that it stops once a retry is not transient,
rethrows an exhausted network failure and passes `-OutFile` with
`-PassThru`.

| Response | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| 404 | 4 requests, 15 s | 1 request, immediate (live nuget.org: 0.58 s)
|
| 403 | 4 requests | 1 request |
| 503 / 429 | retried 3× | retried 3× (unchanged) |
| connection refused | — | retried, then rethrown |

## 2. GitHub Release body too long

```
HTTP 422: Validation Failed (https://api.github.com/repos/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/releases)
body is too long (maximum is 125000 characters)
```

`gh release create --generate-notes` diffs against the latest release
when no previous tag is given. Here that was `1.5.378.182`, which is on
another branch, so the generated notes for 2.0.0 came to 191,048
characters.

The step now calls `POST /releases/generate-notes` with
`previous_tag_name` from the new `Get-PreviousReleaseTag` helper in
`package-version-policy.ps1`. It picks the greatest same-major semantic
version strictly lower than the tag, ignoring non-semver tags like
1.5.378.x, so a servicing 2.0.1 published after 2.1.0 still diffs
against 2.0.0. For 2.0.0 that is `2.0.0-preview.2`, and the notes come
to 31,408 characters (measured against the real repo; that call has no
side effects). If a body still exceeds 120,000 characters, it is cut at
a line boundary and a compare link is appended. The tag and release
checks are idempotent, and the pushes use `--skip-duplicate` and verify
identity, so re-running the promotion finishes the release.

**For run 37591540644 to pass:** the dispatch runs `release.yml` from
`release/2.0`, so these changes have to reach `release/2.0` before the
promotion is re-run.

## Verification

- All 3 scripts parse with 0 errors. The modified workflow step also
parses, and the YAML loads.
- Live nuget.org: absent version → 404 in 0.58 s; package index → 200.
httpbin 503 with `-RetryIntervalSec 1`: retried, 503 after 4.7 s.
- `dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Tools.Tests`: 939 passed (1 skipped) on
net10.0, plus net8/9/48.

## Related Issues

- No issue; found investigating run 37591540644.

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 18:19:19 +02:00
Klaus Landsdorf fa55157ce4 Server: hold anonymous session-less requests to the channel security of CreateSession (#4689)
# Description

`AddSessionlessInvocation(o => o.AllowAnonymous = true)` (#4659) lets a
request without an Access Token run as an anonymous user. OPC 10000-4
§6.3.1 allows that only "if application authentication through the
SecureChannel is sufficient". On HTTPS the channel gave no such
authentication: on an endpoint with mutual TLS and a SignAndEncrypt
policy, a session-less request without a TLS client certificate and
without an Access Token was answered `Good`, over the REST binding and
over the binary POST with `OPCUA-SecurityPolicy: Basic256Sha256`.
`CreateSession` on the same endpoint answers `Bad_SecurityChecksFailed`
without the certificate, and ActivateSession on a new channel does too
(OPC 10000-6 §7.4.1: applications that use HTTPS and require application
authentication check the application certificates during the
CreateSession/ActivateSession handshake).

This PR makes a session-less request without an Access Token meet what
the endpoint demands of a Session. #4659 is merged, in no release tag
and opt-in, so this is a change to a new feature; the default
`AllowAnonymous = false` is not affected.

## Changes

### `SessionManager.ValidateSessionlessRequestAsync`
(`src/Opc.Ua.Server/Session/SessionManager.cs`)

With `AllowAnonymous`, a request without an Access Token now needs:

| Check | Where it applies | Status otherwise | Same as |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| The client certificate of the channel
(`SecureChannelContext.ClientChannelCertificate`) | endpoints with a
security mode or policy other than None, and HTTPS endpoints when
`HttpsMutualTls` is set | `Bad_SecurityChecksFailed` | CreateSession on
the HTTPS listener; ActivateSession on a new channel |
| An Anonymous user token policy on the endpoint (an endpoint without
policies does not restrict) | every endpoint |
`Bad_IdentityTokenRejected` | ActivateSession with an anonymous identity
token |
| An endpoint on the channel | every request |
`Bad_SecurityModeInsufficient` | the same request with an Access Token |

- The certificate is the one the transport has validated: the
SecureChannel certificate of opc.tcp and opc.wss, the TLS client
certificate of the HTTPS listener (REST, binary, JSON). So opc.tcp
channels with security keep working as they did, and an HTTPS client
that wants an anonymous session-less call presents its application
certificate in the TLS handshake.
- An HTTPS listener without `HttpsMutualTls` advertises SecurityMode
None without an Anonymous user token policy (`HttpsServiceHost`); an
anonymous session-less request there is now rejected as an anonymous
Session is.
- A request **with an Access Token** is unchanged: the token
authenticates the caller and HTTPS keeps it confidential (HTTPS clients
are not required to present a certificate, OPC 10000-6 §7.4.1). A
`ValidateSessionLessRequest` handler still takes over completely.
- Not changed: the transport credential authentication of the REST
routes (#4674).

`SessionlessInvocationOptions.AllowAnonymous` documents the rule.
`docs/SessionlessInvocation.md` has a new section "Anonymous requests
and the channel" with the table.

### Tests

- `tests/Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests/SessionlessChannelSecurityTests.cs` (new,
net8.0+): a real reference server with an HTTPS listener, twice (mutual
TLS on with a SignAndEncrypt-only endpoint; mutual TLS off), over REST
and the binary POST, with and without a TLS client certificate:
anonymous without a certificate, with a certificate, `AllowAnonymous =
false`, a valid and a bogus Access Token, and CreateSession on the
binary POST without the certificate for comparison. 44 cases.
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests/SessionlessInvocationTests.cs`: opc.tcp
with and without a channel certificate (Sign, SignAndEncrypt, None),
HTTPS with and without mutual TLS and with a secured endpoint, user
token policies with and without Anonymous, no endpoint, an Access Token
and a handler without a certificate. The existing tests that use
`AllowAnonymous` set `HttpsMutualTls = false` or give the channel an
endpoint.
- Fail without the change: 7 of the 9 new `SessionlessInvocationTests`
cases fail with the `SessionManager.cs` change removed (the opc.tcp with
security, HTTPS with and without mutual TLS, user token policy and
unknown endpoint tests); the 6 failing `SessionlessChannelSecurityTests`
cases are below.

## Testing

- **Reproduction on master (`c03c12838`)**:
`SessionlessChannelSecurityTests` without the change: 6 of 44 cases
fail, 38 pass. With mutual TLS on and no TLS client certificate the
anonymous request is answered `Good` instead of
`Bad_SecurityChecksFailed` (REST and binary). With mutual TLS off it is
answered `Good` instead of `Bad_IdentityTokenRejected` (REST and binary,
with and without a certificate). All 44 pass with the change; the Access
Token cases pass both ways.
- Results on macOS: `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` full run on net10.0 8197
passed / 9 skipped / 0 failed; the session-less and SessionManager
filters 139 passed / 0 failed on net10.0 and on net8.0.
`Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` with the HTTPS/WebApi/Sessionless filters 125
passed / 0 failed on net10.0 and on net8.0, and with the
Wss/OpenApi/ClientTest filters 320 passed / 241 skipped / 0 failed on
net10.0.
- Builds: `Opc.Ua.Server`, `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` and
`Opc.Ua.Sessions.Tests` for net48, net8.0, net9.0 and net10.0: 0
warnings, 0 errors.
- `dotnet format` (whitespace, style, analyzers `--severity info`, one
`--include` per changed file): no finding on a changed line (CA1849 at
`SessionManager.cs` 235 is on master).
- Coverage (`.azurepipelines/check-coverage.ps1` against master,
session-less and SessionManager tests of `Opc.Ua.Server.Tests` on
net10.0): patch 36/36 changed lines (100 %). The project floor is not
meaningful for this subset.
- CI and CodeQL on the PR branch: [CI run
37529750287](https://github.com/biancode/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37529750287)
green (158/158 jobs, incl. macOS and Windows net48), [CodeQL run
37529754883](https://github.com/biancode/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37529754883)
green, on `03a8e3d91`.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4688
- Relates to #4659 (session-less invocation), #4657 (the REST binding's
session-less service set) and #4674 (REST authentication)

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed. (Affected
suites on net10.0 and net8.0 locally on macOS; .NET Framework is covered
by the branch CI's Windows net48 legs.)
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-07 08:55:53 +00:00
romanett fbaabf5b28 Cut CI runner minutes: duration-packed test batches, CodeQL on Linux/daily, cancellable branch packing (#4694)
Reduces GitHub Actions runner minutes without removing any OS, target
framework, test project or check. All figures come from master CI run
37520359929 (158 jobs, ~1,880 runner-minutes) and the last two weeks of
run history.

## 1. Test batches packed by duration (`get-ci-matrix.ps1`)

Previously the expander picked the **smallest** batch size that fit the
256-job limit, which meant 2 projects per job and 33 jobs per profile.
Job logs show ~45% of the test matrix (674 of ~1,516 min) went to
compiling. Each batch rebuilds the shared dependency graph: the first
project's build took 3.8–4.9 min, the second only 0.4–0.9 min.

- Projects are now packed in path order (which keeps `PubSub.*`,
`Redundancy.*`, `WotCon.*` together) up to a 30-minute weight target,
using `.github/ci-test-durations.json`. Each weight is the slowest PR
profile's test minutes, rounded up, plus 1.
- A batch never holds more projects than the job timeout can budget for:
at most 7, given 20 + n×45 ≤ 350.
- If the matrix would exceed the job limit, the target is raised
instead.
- **PR test matrix: 132 → 60 jobs** (15 per profile; macOS 33 → 15).
Each batch is estimated at ≤36 min on the slowest runner, comparable to
today's slowest jobs (37–43 min), so wall-clock should be about the
same. Expected saving is roughly 300+ runner-min per run, plus less
queueing for the scarce macOS runners.
- The weekly full scope shrinks the same way (still 13 profiles).
- The table only steers balance: a project missing from it gets
`defaultMinutes`, so it is still scheduled.
- `run-dotnet-tests.ps1` now records per-project
`buildSeconds`/`testSeconds` (batch summary and job summary). The new
`update-test-durations.ps1` refreshes the table from any run's
`dotnet-results-*` artifacts.
- `discover` output `batch_size` is renamed to `batch_target_minutes`.
Nothing consumed it.

New `CiMatrixScriptTests` cases:
- each profile runs each of its projects exactly once;
- only a lone project may exceed the target;
- PR profiles average ≥3 projects per job;
- the duration table names only existing projects.

## 2 + 3. CodeQL (`codeql-analysis.yml`)

- **No longer runs on every push to master.** Instead, a daily schedule
on master (was weekly) gives an analysis that always completes. Each
analysis takes ~3 h, and with `cancel-in-progress: true` per branch, 49
of 76 push runs in two weeks were cancelled by the next merge before
uploading anything. `master378`/`release/*`/`develop/*` keep their push
trigger. PRs are still analyzed as before.
- Only PR runs are cancelled when superseded. Push and scheduled runs
always finish.
- **Runs on `ubuntu-latest` instead of `windows-2025`.** Only net10.0 is
built, so the extracted sources are identical. The traced Windows build
alone took 70 min, against 12 min for the untraced Linux `UA.slnx`
net10.0 leg. This PR touches a `.cs` file, so its own CodeQL run is the
first measurement.

## 4. NuGet packing on feature branches (`nuget-publish.yml`)

298 of ~400 runs in two weeks were feature-branch pushes, each about 59
Windows-min across two signed builds.

- A superseded feature-branch run is now cancelled. Protected lines and
tags are never cancelled: they publish previews, and `release.yml`
promotes a run by ID. Each manual (`workflow_dispatch`) run gets its own
concurrency group, so a later push cannot cancel it.
- A new `changes` job skips packing when a feature branch, as a whole,
changes only documentation. It diffs against the merge base with master,
not the previous push, so a docs-only push that cancels a code push
cannot mask that code change. It uses the same `get-path-relevance.ps1`
rule as CI.
- Protected refs, tags, manual runs, and any branch whose merge base
cannot be resolved always pack. Checked locally for docs-only branch
(skip), code branch, protected ref, manual run and unknown commit (all
pack).

## Verification

- `CiMatrixScriptTests`, `CiPathRelevanceTests` and the new
`CiTestDurationsScriptTests` (covering `update-test-durations.ps1`): all
`*.Ci*` tests in `Opc.Ua.Tools.Tests` pass locally, 63/63.
- This PR's own CI run shows the new matrix. Compare its total
runner-minutes and longest test job against run 37520359929.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 10:00:19 +02:00
romanett f32259a1a7 GDS: pin SecurityAdmin-only delivery of ApplicationRegistrationChangedAuditEvents; document CTT defect C57 (#4693)
## Description

CTT 1.05.513 (patched scripts) GDS Application Directory `011.js`,
`018.js` and `028.js` fail on master (fa06c66db) with "Step 3: Did not
receive any Events after calling Publish." and passed on efad0ddef.

### Root cause
7212607f1 (#4675, Part 3 compliance), not #4668. Since #4675 the server
enforces `ReceiveEvents` on the EventType node (OPC 10000-3 §8.55: a
Client only receives an Event if it has ReceiveEvents on its EventType
and SourceNode). The GDS NodeSet grants it on
`ApplicationRegistrationChangedAuditEventType`
(`AuditEventDefaultPermissions`) only to **SecurityAdmin**. The CTT test
cases subscribe on the Session of the GDS `AdministrativeUser`, a
**DiscoveryAdmin**, so the server correctly withholds the events. The
audit events are still raised and delivered: the RegisterApplication
change to `OnCallAsync` in #4668 does not affect them.

This is a CTT defect, so the server is unchanged. It is documented as
**C57** in `plans/ctt-issues.md` and filed as [Mantis
11482](https://mantis.opcfoundation.org/view.php?id=11482). The fix is
for the scripts to subscribe on a second Session of the CU's
`SecurityAdminUser`.

### Changes
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests/GdsApplicationRegistrationAuditEventTests.cs`
(new): a DiscoveryAdmin calls RegisterApplication, UpdateApplication and
UnregisterApplication. A SecurityAdmin subscriber on
`Server.EventNotifier` must receive all three
`ApplicationRegistrationChangedAuditEvent`s with `SourceNode` =
Directory and the matching `MethodId`. A DiscoveryAdmin subscriber must
receive none of them.
- `plans/ctt-issues.md`: C57 (Mantis 11482).

## Verification
- New test passes on net10.0 (~1 s); the test project builds on net48.
- CTT p14-gds against an unchanged master server (fa06c66db) with the
C57 script patch (second Session as `sysadmin` for the event
subscription), compared with efad0ddef using the unpatched scripts:
  - Application Directory 011/018/028: Error → **Pass**.
  - AliasName Discovery 001 Pass, 002 Warning, 004 Pass.
- Only other differences: two response-timestamp timing Warnings (App
Directory 023 ActivateSession and Query Applications 002 CreateSession,
> 100 ms).
- CTT p12-auditing against fa06c66db: identical to the baseline (21
Pass, 5 Skipped, 81 NotImpl, 0 errors).

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 09:42:56 +02:00
romanett 7c2c6e7f8e Number commit-id-only prerelease previews 0 so they never outrank a release (#4692)
## Problem

When a stable `version.json` (for example `2.0.0`) is built from a ref
that isn't a public release branch, Nerdbank.GitVersioning makes the
root version `2.0.0-g<commit>`. The "other prerelease label" case in
`version.targets` turned that into `2.0.0-preview.g<commit>` for the
preview-only package families. SemVer 2 ranks the alphanumeric `g…`
identifier above every numeric one, so that version outranks every
`2.0.0-preview.N` ever released, and NuGet versions are immutable.

This happened on 2026-10-06 while master briefly carried `2.0.0`. Two
such versions on GitHub Packages now block the stable 2.0.0 release on
`release/2.0` (handled there in #4691).

## Change

- `version.targets`: a new Case 2a maps a prerelease that is only a
commit id to `<base>-preview.0.g<commit>`, keeping any build metadata
last. Preview number 0 sorts below any committed
`PreviewPackageBuildNumber`.
- `package-version-policy.ps1`: `ConvertTo-PreviewPackageVersion`
applies the same rule, so the package-set validator agrees with the
build.
- Tests: commit id only, commit id plus metadata, and `-gamma.1`, which
is not a commit id.

Checked with MSBuild against the real `version.targets`:
`2.0.0-ge78c648295` maps to `2.0.0-preview.0.ge78c648295`. `2.0.0`,
`2.0.0+g…`, `-rc.1` and `2.0.1-preview.N.g…` are unchanged. All 90
`PackageVersionPolicyTests` pass on net10.0.

Same commit as the prevention part of #4691 (release/2.0). This PR
doesn't include the release-only `PreviewPackageOrderingExemptions`
change.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 09:37:54 +02:00
romanett 1f44b75b1b Update code-style agent guidance for CodeAnalysisTreatWarningsAsErrors=true (#4690)
## Proposed changes

#4680 turned on `CodeAnalysisTreatWarningsAsErrors` in `common.props`,
but `.github/agents/opc-ua-codestyle-enforcer.agent.md` still said it
was `false` and told agents not to turn it on. That means
analyzer-cleanup runs could undo the setting.

- Repository context (line 16): the value is now listed as `true`, with
a note that CA warnings fail the build.
- Rule-promotion checklist (line 312): agents are now told to keep the
setting enabled. Rules that are meant to stay unenforced belong at
`suggestion`/`silent`/`none` in `.editorconfig`, and agents must clear
all hits before raising a rule to `warning`.

## Related Issues

- Fixes #4685

## Types of changes

- [x] Documentation Update (if none of the other choices apply)

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 09:37:10 +02:00
romanett bc5da10069 Exempt unremovable preview.g<commit> versions from the preview ordering gate (#4691)
## Problem

The stable 2.0.0 `NuGet Publish` run on `release/2.0` ([run
37567251061](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37567251061))
fails in **Verify preview package ordering**.

Two master runs on 2026-10-06
([37461428995](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37461428995),
[37462705289](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37462705289))
pushed `2.0.0-preview.gfd360271d9` and `2.0.0-preview.ge78c648295` of
every preview-family package to GitHub Packages. At that point master
briefly had the stable root version `2.0.0`, so Nerdbank.GitVersioning
appended the commit id. SemVer 2 ranks an alphanumeric identifier above
every numeric one, so **no** `PreviewPackageBuildNumber` can outrank
these versions. Deleting them would need org package admin rights, and
docs/ReleaseProcess.md forbids deleting packages to make room anyway.

## Change

- `preview-version.props`: adds a new `PreviewPackageOrderingExemptions`
list (`;`-separated exact versions) with the two versions above and a
comment recording where they came from.
- `package-version-policy.ps1`: adds
`Get-PreviewPackageOrderingExemptions`.
`Get-BlockingPublishedPreviewVersions` takes an optional
`-ExemptVersions` and skips exact (case-insensitive) matches only. Every
other undecidable or higher version still blocks, so the gate still
fails closed.
- `validate-preview-package-ordering.ps1`: passes the list in and logs
what it ignores. `nuget-publish.yml` and `release.yml` both use it.
- `docs/ReleaseProcess.md`: the troubleshooting row says when to use an
exemption.
- Tests: exemptions are exact-match only; the committed list parses. All
89 `PackageVersionPolicyTests` pass on net10.0.

## Trade-off

On GitHub Packages only, the released `2.0.0-preview.200` packages still
sort below the two hash builds. nuget.org never had them.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)
2.0.0
2026-10-07 08:27:41 +02:00
Roman Ettlinger 1fa492660c Test version.targets preview mapping through MSBuild
ApplyPreviewPackageVersion is what stamps package versions, but only its
PowerShell mirror (ConvertTo-PreviewPackageVersion) was tested. Evaluate
the real target through dotnet msbuild for the same inputs and assert
both implementations produce the expected version.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 06:59:43 +02:00
Roman Ettlinger 866662e912 Number commit-id-only prerelease previews 0 so they never outrank a release
A non-public build of a stable version.json (master briefly at "2.0.0")
gets the root version "2.0.0-g<commit>". version.targets Case 2 turned it
into "2.0.0-preview.g<commit>", which SemVer 2 ranks above every numbered
"-preview.N" - the cause of the release/2.0 ordering gate failure. Map a
commit-id-only prerelease to "-preview.0.g<commit>" instead, in both
version.targets and ConvertTo-PreviewPackageVersion.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 06:49:04 +02:00
Roman Ettlinger 6812621abd Exempt unremovable preview.g<commit> versions from the preview ordering gate
Two master NuGet Publish runs on 2026-10-06 (37461428995, 37462705289)
pushed 2.0.0-preview.gfd360271d9 and 2.0.0-preview.ge78c648295 to GitHub
Packages while master briefly carried the stable root version 2.0.0.
SemVer 2 ranks the alphanumeric "g<commit>" identifier above every numeric
one, so no PreviewPackageBuildNumber can outrank them and the stable 2.0.0
candidate on release/2.0 fails validate-preview-package-ordering.ps1.

Add an explicit PreviewPackageOrderingExemptions list to
preview-version.props that the gate skips by exact (case-insensitive)
match; everything else still fails closed.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-07 06:42:07 +02:00
romanett bb3b2483d1 Merge master into release/2.0 (#4687)
## Summary
Merges master at `fa06c66db` into `release/2.0`. This brings in #4686
(DI and ISA95 packages are no longer versioned as preview), which fixes
the NU5104 failures in the [release/2.0 NuGet Publish
run](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/actions/runs/37493289585):
stable Machinery/Pumps/Scales/AMB/PADIM/IA/ECM packages depended on
`Opc.Ua.Di*` / `Opc.Ua.ISA95*` `2.0.0-preview.200`. It also brings in
the rest of master since #4676 (e.g. #4680 CA warnings as errors, #4683
Bad_CertificateChainIncomplete unsuppressible).

## Conflict resolution
The previous master → release/2.0 merge (#4676) was squashed, so the
merge base is old (`76e5efde9`) and files added on both sides came up as
add/add conflicts. Apart from its version files, `release/2.0` was a
snapshot of master, so I resolved every conflict to master's content
except `version.json`. That file keeps the release branch's values
(`"version": "2.0.0"`, `versionHeightOffset: 0`).
`preview-version.props` (`PreviewPackageBuildNumber` 200) is the same on
both branches.

Result: the merged tree is identical to master except `version.json`.

> **Merge with a merge commit, not squash.** A merge commit records
master as an ancestor of release/2.0, so the next sync won't hit these
same add/add conflicts again.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)
2026-10-07 05:32:45 +02:00
Roman Ettlinger 512acdad7c Merge master into release/2.0
Bring release/2.0 up to master fa06c66db. Conflicts were resolved by
taking master's content everywhere except version.json, which keeps the
release branch's stable 2.0.0 / versionHeightOffset 0.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-06 22:04:47 +02:00
romanett fa06c66dbb Stop versioning DI and ISA95 packages as preview (#4686)
## Summary
Removes the **DI** (`Opc.Ua.Di*`) and **ISA95** (`Opc.Ua.ISA95*`)
package families from the preview-only set, so they ship with the stable
root version (e.g. `2.0.1` instead of `2.0.1-preview.N`).

- `version.targets`: drop the two `_IsPreviewPackage` conditions.
- `.azurepipelines/package-version-policy.ps1`: drop `ISA95|Di` from
`Test-PreviewPackageId`. It must match `version.targets`, because the
package-set validator fails if the two disagree.
- `PackageVersionPolicyTests`: ISA95/Di IDs are now expected to be
non-preview, they are removed from the classifier-agreement token list,
and the "already-preview base version" case now uses Robotics.
- Docs (`DeveloperGuide.md`, `ReleaseProcess.md`, `docs/README.md`): the
preview-family list no longer includes DI or ISA95, and the "preview
package" label is removed from the DI, Software Update (part of the DI
packages), and ISA-95 entries.

## Test
`dotnet test tests/Opc.Ua.Tools.Tests --filter PackageVersionPolicy`
(net10.0): 87/87 passed.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-06 19:37:20 +00:00
romanett 5572107ab8 Push Model compliance: UpdateCertificate issuer check, TrustList audit events, NoConfiguration state, DefaultHttpsGroup (#4684)
# Description

Fixes found by a manual run of the OPC 10000-12 *Push Model for Global
Certificate and TrustList Management* test plan (183 test cases,
TC0–TC182) against the Reference Server. After these changes no test
case fails; the remaining non-pass verdicts are test-plan expectations
that contradict Part 12/Part 4/Part 20 (documented in the run report).

### Server behaviour changes

- **UpdateCertificate requires the issuer in the TrustList**
(`ConfigurationNodeManager.PushValidation.cs`). The validator classifies
an incomplete chain as suppressible; OPC 10000-4 Table 100 does not ("An
error during the chain creation may not be suppressed") and §7.10.5
requires the issuers to already be in the group's TrustList. A
certificate of an unknown CA is now rejected with
`Bad_CertificateChainIncomplete`. Expiry / host-name errors stay ignored
as §7.10.5 requires.
- **TrustList audit events reach the Server Object.**
`TrustListUpdateRequested`/`TrustListUpdated` were reported on the
TrustList node (`EventNotifier=0`, not linked to the Server), so no
client could receive them. `TrustList.SetAuditEventServer` routes them
through `IAuditEventServer`; wired for the Push TrustLists and the GDS
CertificateGroup TrustLists. New `AuditEvents` overloads keep the
node-based ones.
- **Duplicate AddCertificate** no longer makes the following
ApplyChanges fail with a bare `Bad` (store refused the second copy); the
commit is idempotent and its rollback keeps the pre-existing
certificate.
- **CloseAndUpdate validates CRLs** (incl. CRL-only updates): every CRL
must be signed by a CA of the new TrustList (§7.8.2.5). Previously an
unknown/forged CRL passed CloseAndUpdate and only failed ApplyChanges.
- **X.509 v1 certificates are rejected** by
CloseAndUpdate/AddCertificate/UpdateCertificate (OPC 10000-6 §6.2.2; new
`X509Utils.IsX509Version3`).
- **Application setup state (Annex G.2):** new
`StandardServer.StartupServerState` (virtual); the DI host returns
`NoConfiguration` when `ServerConfigurationOptions.InApplicationSetup ==
true`. `IsRunning` and `NodeManagerLifecycle` treat `NoConfiguration` as
operational. The Reference Server `--provision` mode starts in
`NoConfiguration` and exposes `InApplicationSetup=TRUE`.
- **DefaultHttpsGroup:** the group is only created when Https stores are
configured — the Reference Server config had none, so its
`opc.https`/`opc.wss` endpoints used the RSA application certificate
with an empty TLS trust list and the Https certificate could not be
pushed. The sample config now declares
`HttpsIssuerCertificates`/`TrustedHttpsCertificates` and an
`HttpsCertificateType` certificate (new `CertificateTypeString` value
`Https`). An Https certificate is assigned to DefaultHttpsGroup only (no
longer also listed in DefaultApplicationGroup). Fixed
`AddSecurityConfigurationHttpsStore`, which built the trusted Https
store path from the store *type*.
- Minor: AddCertificate logs a warning when it adds a CA without a CRL
while `RejectUnknownRevocationStatus` is enabled; UpdateCertificate
refused for an insufficient SecureChannel raises
`CertificateUpdateRequestedAuditEvent` with Status=false.

### Kept on purpose
- PEM certificates are accepted (converted to DER).
- `Bad_NotWritable` when opening an already open TrustList (OPC 10000-20
§4.2.2) and for AddCertificate while a read handle is open (§7.8.2.6).
- No validation rules for DefaultUserTokenGroup / DefaultHttpsGroup
TrustLists (Part 12 defines them only for ApplicationCertificateType
groups).

### Notes for reviewers
- Existing tests in `ConfigurationNodeManagerPushTests` and
`PushCertificateRequestRegressionTests` signed pushed certificates with
CAs that were not in the TrustList; they now trust their CA first
(behaviour change above).
- Adding the Https certificate to
`Quickstarts.ReferenceServer.Config.xml` gives the Reference Server's
opc.https/opc.wss endpoints their own TLS certificate.

### Tests
-
`tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests/Configuration/PushComplianceRegressionTests.cs`
— duplicate add/rollback, PEM, v1/v3, CRL issuer/forged/CRL-only, audit
routing.
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Server.Tests/ApplicationSetupServerStateTests.cs` —
NoConfiguration startup state.
- `tests/Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests/PushComplianceTests.cs` — end-to-end over a
secure channel: TrustList transaction lifecycle, open-handle rules,
masked reads, duplicate/PEM add, unknown CRL issuer, unknown certificate
issuer, cross-Session CSR key, nonce rules, RemoveCertificate chain/CRL
handling. Mutation-checked: reverting the issuer, duplicate-add and CRL
fixes makes the corresponding tests fail.
- Additional cases in `PushCertificateRequestRegressionTests`,
`CertificateIdentifierTests`, `ApplicationConfigurationBuilderTests`.

Local runs (net10.0): Opc.Ua.Gds.Tests 1257 passed / 0 failed / 56
skipped; Opc.Ua.Server.Tests push/TrustList/audit/lifecycle subset 1209
passed; Core and Configuration test classes passed. net48 build of the
affected test projects succeeds; `dotnet format whitespace` clean.

## Related Issues

- None (findings from a manual Push Model compliance run).

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [x] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

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---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-06 18:48:02 +00:00
Copilot c03c128384 Treat code analysis (CA) warnings as errors and fix all surfaced analyzer warnings (#4680)
# Description

`TreatWarningsAsErrors` was already enabled, but
`CodeAnalysisTreatWarningsAsErrors` was `false`, so Microsoft Code
Analysis (`CAxxxx`) warnings were non-fatal. This PR sets it to `true`
in `common.props` and fixes all 55 analyzer warnings the net10.0 build
reported.

**Production code**
- `SamplingGroup.cs`: CA2213 is a false positive here because the
detached `CancellationTokenSource` is disposed by `CancelSamplingLoop`
once the loop completes. It is suppressed with a pragma, a justification
and a TODO, following the existing pattern in
`ServerBase.RequestQueue.cs`.

**Tests**
- CA1861: constant array arguments are moved to `static readonly` fields
or replaced with `ArrayOf<T>` collection expressions. In the legacy
interop server I used locals instead, because those arrays become node
values that writes can change in place.
- CA2025: tasks that finish before disposal (`Assert.ThrowsAsync`, or
awaited before `using` scope exit) are suppressed with justification
comments, following existing test patterns.
- CA1812: classes created by the DI container are suppressed with a
comment and a TODO.
- CA2208: benchmark switch defaults now throw
`InvalidOperationException`.
- CA1845: `Substring(0, 8)` is replaced with `[..8]`.
- CA1307: `string.Replace` is replaced with `Split`/`Join`, which also
works on net48.
- CA5394: `Random` is replaced with `RandomNumberGenerator`.

**Docs**
- `docs/DeveloperGuide.md` now says CA warnings also fail the build, and
that any suppression needs a comment explaining why plus a TODO.

**Validation**
- I fixed the 55 warnings from a net10.0 build of `UA.slnx`
(`CustomTestTarget=net10.0`). That build ran before the setting was
turned on, and I have not rebuilt net10.0 since the fixes.
- `CustomTestTarget=net48` build of `UA.slnx`: 0 warnings, 0 errors.
- I also started a full build across all target frameworks with the
setting on. Its log showed no errors or warnings while it ran, but I
couldn't read its final result.
- No tests have been run yet; CI should confirm the multi-TFM build and
the tests.

## Related Issues

- N/A

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: romanett <7413710+romanett@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-06 18:54:28 +02:00
romanett 21e04bdba5 Make Bad_CertificateChainIncomplete unsuppressible; add UpdateCertificate renewal regression tests (#4683)
# Description

Follow-up to the master378 fix in #4678 (CTT: application certificate
renewal must use the configured trust stores). Master already ignores
the supplied `issuerCertificates` for the default application group (OPC
10000-12 §7.10.5), but it had no regression tests for CA-signed
renewals. While adding them I found a real gap:

**The validator treated `Bad_CertificateChainIncomplete` as
suppressible.** OPC 10000-4 Table 100 (Build Certificate Chain) says:
"An error during the chain creation may not be suppressed." §6.1.3 adds:
"Processing fails with Bad_SecurityChecksFailed if an element in the
chain cannot be found." UpdateCertificate for the application group
accepts every *suppressible* error (as §7.10.5 requires). As a result it
accepted a renewal signed by a CA that is **not** in the TrustList and
was only passed in the ignored issuer list, which is exactly what
§7.10.5 rules out.

## Changes
- `CertificateValidationCore`: remove `BadCertificateChainIncomplete`
from the suppressible status codes. An accept callback (`AcceptError`)
is no longer asked about it.
- `TrustList`: remove the local workaround that filtered out this error;
plain "accept suppressible errors" is now enough.
- Docs (`Certificates.md`, `CertificateManager.md`): drop it from the
suppressible list, and fix a sample that suppressed it.

## Tests
- `ConfigurationNodeManagerPushTests`:
- A CA-signed renewal with the CA installed succeeds with a missing,
empty, unrelated or malformed issuer list, and the trust stores stay
unchanged.
- A renewal whose CA is only supplied as an issuer is rejected with
`BadCertificateChainIncomplete`; stores and the current certificate are
untouched.
- End to end on an isolated server: a CA-signed renewal with no issuer
list is committed through ApplyChanges.
- `ConfigurationNodeManagerPushValidationTests`: the group TrustList
validator accepts a CA from the trusted or issuer store and rejects an
uninstalled CA.
- `CertificateValidationCoreTests` / `CertificateValidatorTest`:
- An incomplete chain is unsuppressible and never reaches the callback.
- A leaf trusted directly **stays valid when the peer supplies its CA**
(§6.1.3: chain certificates "may be provided with the application
Certificate").
- One existing test attached its approver only after validating, so it
never exercised suppression; it now validates with the approver
attached.
- Tests that only passed because of the bug
(`PushCertificateRequestRegressionTests`, the regenerated-key helper and
the rollback test) now install the signing CA in the TrustList first.

The two new rejection tests fail on master and pass with this change.

## Reviewer notes / behavior change
This was suppressible in 1.5.x as well. Application code whose accept
handler approved a CA-signed peer certificate without its CA (CA neither
installed nor sent by the peer) will now get a rejection. Without a
handler such certificates were already rejected, and the stack's own
handlers (`ApplicationInstance`, push validation) never accepted this
error. Worth a release note.

Local runs (net10.0), all passing:

| Suite | Passed | Failed |
|---|---|---|
| Server.Tests | 8310 | 0 |
| Core.Tests (security/transport filter) | 2039 | 0 |
| Security.Certificates.Tests | 358 | 0 |
| Core.Security.Tests | 558 | 0 |
| Client.Tests | 2761 | 0 |
| Gds.Tests (PushTest and TrustList tests) | 345 | 0 |

The net48 builds of Server.Tests and Core.Tests also succeed.

## Related Issues

- Related to #4678 (master378 counterpart)

## Checklist

- [x] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-06 18:14:17 +02:00
romanett 6ea6943f65 Set release/2.0 to stable 2.0.0 (#4681)
# Description

Re-targets #4677 to `release/2.0`. That PR was opened against `master`
by mistake and merged there. This is step 4 of [First stable
release](docs/ReleaseProcess.md#first-stable-release).

- **`version.json`**: `"version"` `2.0.0-preview.{height}` → `2.0.0`;
`versionHeightOffset` `-32` → `0`. With no `{height}` in the version, a
negative offset makes the file-version revision negative and nbgv
throws.
- **`preview-version.props`**: `PreviewPackageBuildNumber` `100` →
`200`, so the package families that stay in preview sort above the
`2.0.0-preview.N` builds already on GitHub Packages.
`validate-preview-package-ordering.ps1` still checks this when the
candidate is built.

The diff against `release/2.0` is exactly the change #4677 made on
`master`. Apart from these two files, `release/2.0` matches `master` as
of `fd360271d`.

**After merge:** run [Candidate and dry
run](docs/ReleaseProcess.md#candidate-and-dry-run). The manifest should
show `basePackageVersion: 2.0.0` and `channel: stable`. Then run
[Approved promotion](docs/ReleaseProcess.md#approved-promotion) with
`release.yml` and `channel=stable`.

## Related Issues

Companion to the `master` PR that moves `master` off the stable `2.0.0`
version to `2.0.1-preview.{height}`.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-06 18:08:06 +02:00
romanett dcd06791ac Advance master to 2.0.1-preview (#4682)
# Description

#4677 was meant for `release/2.0` but was merged into `master`. Since
then, `master`'s `version.json` has been the stable `2.0.0`. This PR
moves `master` to `2.0.1-preview.{height}`. Its builds then sort above
the `2.0.0` release and stay on the preview channel.

- **`version.json`**: `"version"` `2.0.0` → `2.0.1-preview.{height}`.
`versionHeightOffset` stays `0`.
- **`preview-version.props`**: `PreviewPackageBuildNumber` stays `200`,
matching `release/2.0`. It only applies when the root version is stable,
so it has no effect on `master`.

The stable change itself goes to `release/2.0` in a separate PR.

## Related Issues

Fixes the wrong target of #4677.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-06 18:05:35 +02:00
Copilot e78c648295 Images CI: publish samples once natively and stop compiling under QEMU (#4679)
# Description

Images CI took 45–100 min per image. The arm64 half of every
`linux/amd64,linux/arm64` build ran `dotnet restore` and `dotnet
publish` in an arm64 SDK container under QEMU. For `refserver`, publish
took 8 min natively for amd64 and 92 min emulated for arm64. On top of
that, every one of the 10 matrix legs recompiled the whole stack.

The output is framework-dependent portable IL, so the compile is now
done once, natively. The image legs only copy files onto the
per-platform runtime base image.

### Dockerfiles (all 10)
- **SDK stage runs on the build platform.** The `build` stage is pinned
to `--platform=$BUILDPLATFORM`. `-p:UseAppHost=false` keeps an x64 app
host out of the arm64 image.
- **New `prebuilt` stage.** It is chosen with a global `ARG
PUBLISH_SOURCE`, which defaults to `build`. Local `docker build` and the
`docker-compose` files are unchanged.
  ```dockerfile
  FROM scratch AS prebuilt
  ARG PUBLISH_DIR=artifacts/docker/publish
  COPY ${PUBLISH_DIR}/ /app/publish/

  FROM ${PUBLISH_SOURCE} AS publish
  ```
- **Pump: final-stage `RUN`s moved to a native stage.** The `sed` on
`openssl.cnf` and the `mkdir`/`chown`/`chmod` steps now run in a
`$BUILDPLATFORM` `layout` stage. The final stage copies `/layout/` to
`/`, so `/app` and `/diag` keep the `$APP_UID:0` owner and `g=u` mode
they had before. `openssl.cnf` therefore comes from the build-platform
base image. It is a plain config file, so it is expected to match
between architectures.

### `docker-image.yml`
- **Single image list.** The image list lives once, in `env.IMAGES`
(image, project, Dockerfile). `discover` emits it as the matrix.
- **New `publish-samples` job.** It runs `dotnet publish` for each
sample sequentially, so shared libraries compile once. It uses the same
options and NBGV version properties as the Dockerfiles and uploads the
output as the `docker-publish` artifact.
- **`build-and-push-image` legs.** Each leg:
  - downloads the artifact;
- builds with `PUBLISH_SOURCE=prebuilt` and
`PUBLISH_DIR=artifacts/docker/publish/<image>`;
  - no longer uses `setup-qemu-action`;
  - is named `build-and-push-image (<image>)`.
- **`images summary`.** It now also fails when `publish-samples` fails.

### Docs
- `ContainerReferenceServer.md` describes the publish-once / copy-only
flow and the build arguments.
- `DeveloperGuide.md` mentions the `publish-samples` job in the Images
CI section.

Expected: one native publish of about 7 min, then 10 parallel
copy-and-push legs of a few minutes each. Not yet confirmed on CI: the
sandbox could not pull MCR base images, so the prebuilt multi-platform
builds were checked against a Debian-based stand-in base, and the
build-from-source path was not built.

## Related Issues

## Checklist

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [x] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: romanett <7413710+romanett@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-06 14:21:44 +02:00
Copilot fd360271d9 Set release/2.0 to stable 2.0.0 (#4677)
# Description

**Target: `release/2.0`, squash merge.** This is step 4 of [First stable
release](docs/ReleaseProcess.md#first-stable-release). It removes the
preview suffix so the next `release/2.0` build produces the stable
`2.0.0` package set.

- **`version.json`**
  - `"version"`: `2.0.0-preview.{height}` → `2.0.0`.
- `versionHeightOffset`: `-32` → `0`. NBGV still adds the offset to git
height for the file-version revision when `{height}` is absent. With
`-32`, the revision is negative and `nbgv get-version` throws in
`System.Version..ctor`.
- **`preview-version.props`**
- `PreviewPackageBuildNumber`: `100` → `200`. This number sets the
`-preview.N` suffix of the package families that stay in preview.
- `master` already pushes those packages to GitHub Packages as
`2.0.0-preview.88.g…`, and the number keeps rising. nuget.org's highest
is `2.0.0-preview.6`.
- With 100, the release would soon sort below master's builds.
`validate-preview-package-ordering.ps1` still checks the ordering when
the candidate is built.

With `--public-release=true`, nbgv 3.10.94 reports `NuGetPackageVersion`
`2.0.0` and `AssemblyVersion` `2.0.0.0`.

The branch started from `master`, so it carries a merge of the
`release/2.0` tip. The diff against `release/2.0` is only the two files
above.

**After merge:** run [Candidate and dry
run](docs/ReleaseProcess.md#candidate-and-dry-run); the manifest should
show `basePackageVersion: 2.0.0` and `channel: stable`. Then run
[Approved promotion](docs/ReleaseProcess.md#approved-promotion) with
`release.yml` and `channel=stable`. Advance `master` to
`2.1.0-preview.{height}` if not done yet. Then reopen `release/2.0` as
`2.0.1-preview.{height}`.

## Related Issues

None. This is a version-only release change.

## Checklist

_Put an `x` in the boxes that apply. You can complete these step by step
after opening the PR._

- [ ] I have signed the
[CLA](https://opcfoundation.org/license/cla/ContributorLicenseAgreementv1.0.pdf)
and read the
[CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/OPCFoundation/UA-.NETStandard/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
doc.
- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works and increased code coverage.
- [ ] I have added all necessary documentation.
- [ ] I have verified that my changes do not introduce (new) build or
analyzer warnings.
- [ ] I ran **all** tests locally using the **UA.slnx** solution against
at least .net **framework** and .net **10**, and all passed.
- [ ] I fixed **all** failing and flaky tests in the CI pipelines and
**all** CodeQL warnings.
- [ ] I have addressed **all** PR feedback received.

---------

Co-authored-by: romanett <romanett98@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Klaus Landsdorf <kl@iniationware.com>
Co-authored-by: Marc Schier <marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: marcschier <11168470+marcschier@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: romanett <7413710+romanett@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-06 12:10:48 +00:00