chore: publish

- appium@4.0.0-beta.1 - @appium/execute-driver-plugin@8.0.0-beta.1 - @appium/fake-driver@7.0.0-beta.1 - @appium/fake-plugin@5.0.0-beta.1 - @appium/images-plugin@6.0.0-beta.1 - @appium/plugin-test-support@4.0.0-beta.1 - @appium/relaxed-caps-plugin@4.0.0-beta.1 - @appium/storage-plugin@3.0.0-beta.1 - @appium/universal-xml-plugin@4.0.0-beta.1
fix(deps): catch up peerDependencies to published beta.0; drop bootstrap_packages (#22793 )
2026-11-09 19:38:26 +08:00 · 2026-09-19 21:26:08 +00:00 · 2026-09-19 23:21:31 +02:00 · 2026-09-19 20:35:44 +00:00 · 2026-09-19 22:33:37 +02:00 · 2026-09-19 21:50:03 +02:00
724 changed files with 36381 additions and 31146 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<!-- CODEGRAPH_START -->
+## CodeGraph
+
+In repositories indexed by CodeGraph (a `.codegraph/` directory exists at the repo root), reach for it BEFORE grep/find or reading files when you need to understand or locate code:
+
+- **MCP tool** (when available): `codegraph_explore` answers most code questions in one call — the relevant symbols' verbatim source plus the call paths between them, including dynamic-dispatch hops grep can't follow. Name a file or symbol in the query to read its current line-numbered source. If it's listed but deferred, load it by name via tool search.
+- **Shell** (always works): `codegraph explore "<symbol names or question>"` prints the same output.
+
+If there is no `.codegraph/` directory, skip CodeGraph entirely — indexing is the user's decision.
+<!-- CODEGRAPH_END -->
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "permissions": {
+    "allow": ["mcp__codegraph__*"]
+  },
+  "hooks": {
+    "UserPromptSubmit": [
+      {
+        "hooks": [
+          {
+            "type": "command",
+            "command": "codegraph prompt-hook"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# CodeGraph data files — local to each machine, not for committing.
+# Ignore everything in .codegraph/ except this file itself, so transient
+# files (the database, daemon.pid, sockets, logs) never show up in git.
+*
+!.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "mcpServers": {
+    "codegraph": {
+      "type": "stdio",
+      "command": "codegraph",
+      "args": ["serve", "--mcp", "--path", "."]
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 # editorconfig.org
 root = true

-[*]
+[*.{js,cjs,mjs,jsx,ts,cts,mts,tsx,json,jsonc}]
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 2
 end_of_line = lf
 charset = utf-8
 trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 insert_final_newline = true
+max_line_length = 120

 [*.md]
 trim_trailing_whitespace = false
@@ -23,14 +23,10 @@ targets:
      path: ./packages/appium
    - type: npm
      path: ./packages/base-driver
-    - type: npm
-      path: ./packages/eslint-config-appium-ts
    - type: npm
      path: ./packages/fake-driver
    - type: npm
      path: ./packages/support
-    - type: npm
-      path: ./packages/test-support
    - type: npm
      path: ./packages/types
    - type: npm
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ description: Create a new bug report.
 title: '🐞 bug: <title>'
 labels: [Bug, Needs Triage]
 body:
-
  - type: markdown
    attributes:
      value: ':stop_sign: _Make sure you are reporting an issue. For general questions, please use [http://discuss.appium.io](http://discuss.appium.io)._'
@@ -13,9 +12,9 @@ body:
      label: Is there an existing issue for this?
      description: 'Please [search :mag: the issues](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues) to check if this bug has already been reported.'
      options:
-      - label: I have searched the existing issues
-        required: true
-  
+        - label: I have searched the existing issues
+          required: true
+
  - type: input
    attributes:
      label: Appium Version
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ body:
      description: |
        You can retrieve the latest server/driver/plugin version number by running `npm info <package-name> version`. If you are not up to date, please try to reproduce your issue after updating all affected components.
      options:
-      - label: I confirm the issue is still reproducible with the latest component versions
+        - label: I confirm the issue is still reproducible with the latest component versions

  - type: textarea
    attributes:
@@ -82,10 +81,10 @@ body:

        :warning: _Remember to redact or remove any sensitive information!_
      value: |
-          - Debug details (`appium --show-debug-info`):
-          - Last component version(s) which did _not_ exhibit the problem:
-          - Platform and version of device under test:
-          - Real device or emulator/simulator:
+        - Debug details (`appium --show-debug-info`):
+        - Last component version(s) which did _not_ exhibit the problem:
+        - Platform and version of device under test:
+        - Real device or emulator/simulator:

  - type: textarea
    attributes:
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 blank_issues_enabled: true
 contact_links:
-  - name: ❓ Question 
+  - name: ❓ Question
    url: https://discuss.appium.io/
    about: Please use the Appium forum for any questions.
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 name: 💡 Feature Request
 description: Suggest an idea for this project.
-title: "💡 feat: <title>"
+title: '💡 feat: <title>'
 labels: [Enhancement]
 body:
-
  - type: textarea
    attributes:
      label: Is your feature request related to a problem?
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ runs:
  using: composite
  steps:
    - name: Use Node.js ${{ inputs.node-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+      uses: actions/setup-node@v7.0.0
      with:
        node-version: ${{ inputs.node-version }}
        cache: npm
    - name: SocketDev Security Check
-      uses: SocketDev/action@v1
+      uses: SocketDev/action@v1.3.2
      with:
        mode: firewall-free
    - name: Install dependencies
@@ -33,8 +33,44 @@ runs:
      run: |
        # Replace npm with sfw npm in the install command
        install_cmd="${{ inputs.install-command }}"
-        install_cmd="${install_cmd//npm /sfw npm }"
-        $install_cmd
+        sfw_install_cmd="${install_cmd//npm /sfw npm }"
+
+        # Socket Firewall can fail to reach its own backend (a transient
+        # network error unrelated to the actual npm install) and, in that
+        # case, either exit non-zero or exit 0 without having actually
+        # completed the install, leaving node_modules incomplete. We only
+        # want to fall back to a plain (non-firewalled) install when we can
+        # positively attribute the failure to *that* Socket Firewall error —
+        # a real npm/package problem (bad version, checksum mismatch, failing
+        # postinstall script, etc.) must fail the job as-is, not be silently
+        # retried and potentially masked.
+        sfw_log="$(mktemp)"
+        set +e
+        $sfw_install_cmd 2>&1 | tee "$sfw_log"
+        sfw_exit="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
+        set -e
+
+        sfw_infra_failure=0
+        if grep -qi 'Socket Firewall encountered an unexpected error' "$sfw_log"; then
+          sfw_infra_failure=1
+        fi
+
+        install_incomplete=0
+        if [ "$sfw_exit" -eq 0 ]; then
+          npm ls --depth=0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || install_incomplete=1
+        fi
+        rm -f "$sfw_log"
+
+        if [ "$sfw_infra_failure" -eq 1 ] && { [ "$sfw_exit" -ne 0 ] || [ "$install_incomplete" -eq 1 ]; }; then
+          echo "::warning::Socket Firewall failed to reach its backend; retrying with a plain npm install"
+          $install_cmd
+        elif [ "$sfw_exit" -ne 0 ]; then
+          echo "::error::npm install failed"
+          exit "$sfw_exit"
+        elif [ "$install_incomplete" -eq 1 ]; then
+          echo "::error::npm install appears incomplete and is not attributable to a Socket Firewall failure"
+          exit 1
+        fi
    - name: Build packages
      if: ${{ inputs.run-build == 'true' }}
      shell: bash
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Copilot Instructions
+
+## Code Review
+
+When reviewing JavaScript or TypeScript changes, check new uses of Node.js built-in APIs against the supported Node.js versions declared in package.json#engines.node. The current supported range is ^20.19.0 || ^22.12.0 || >=24.0.0.
+
+For each new Node.js built-in API or option, verify that it exists and is stable across all supported Node.js versions. If any supported version lacks the API, only supports it experimentally, or has different behavior, leave a review comment and suggest using the existing dependency, adding a fallback, avoiding the API, or raising the engine requirement.
+
+Example: util.styleText exists in Node.js 20.12+, but only became stable in Node.js 22.13.0 and 23.5.0. Because this repository supports Node.js 20.19.0 and 22.12.0, replacing a color library with util.styleText should be flagged unless the project explicitly accepts relying on a non-stable API for those supported versions.
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ labels:
    matcher:
      files: ['packages/driver-test-support/**']

-  - label: '@appium/eslint-config-appium-ts'
+  - label: '@appium/oxc-config'
    sync: true
    matcher:
-      files: ['packages/eslint-config-appium-ts/**']
+      files: ['packages/oxc-config/**']

  - label: '@appium/execute-driver-plugin'
    sync: true
@@ -118,6 +118,11 @@ labels:
    matcher:
      files: ['packages/schema/**']

+  - label: '@appium/semantic-release-config'
+    sync: true
+    matcher:
+      files: ['packages/semantic-release-config/**']
+
  - label: '@appium/support'
    sync: true
    matcher:
@@ -128,11 +133,6 @@ labels:
    matcher:
      files: ['packages/strongbox/**']

-  - label: '@appium/test-support'
-    sync: true
-    matcher:
-      files: ['packages/test-support/**']
-
  - label: '@appium/tsconfig'
    sync: true
    matcher:
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ jobs:
    name: Auto-Label PRs
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: fuxingloh/multi-labeler@v5
+      - uses: fuxingloh/multi-labeler@v5.0.0
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ on:
  push:
    branches:
      - master
+      - appium4
    # this list of paths could potentially impact the build
    paths:
      - '**/tsconfig*.json'
-      - 'packages/base-driver/static/**/*'
+      - 'packages/base-driver/test-fixtures/**/*'
      - 'packages/*/test/**'
      - 'packages/*/bin'
      - 'packages/**/*.ts'
@@ -15,18 +16,18 @@ on:
      - 'package*.json'
      - 'lerna.json'
      - '.npmrc'
-      - '.mocharc.js'
      - '.github/workflows/build.yml' # this file
-      - '.eslintrc'
-      - '.eslintignore'
+      - 'oxlint.config.mjs'
+      - 'oxfmt.config.mjs'
      - '!**/sample-code/**'
      - '!packages/*/docs/**'
  pull_request:
    branches:
      - master
+      - appium4
    paths:
      - '**/tsconfig*.json'
-      - 'packages/base-driver/static/**/*'
+      - 'packages/base-driver/test-fixtures/**/*'
      - 'packages/*/test/**'
      - 'packages/*/bin'
      - 'packages/**/*.ts'
@@ -35,10 +36,9 @@ on:
      - 'package*.json'
      - 'lerna.json'
      - '.npmrc'
-      - '.mocharc.js'
      - '.github/workflows/build.yml' # this file
-      - '.eslintrc'
-      - '.eslintignore'
+      - 'oxlint.config.mjs'
+      - 'oxfmt.config.mjs'
      - '!**/sample-code/**'
      - '!packages/*/docs/**'

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
    outputs:
      packages: ${{ steps.discover-packages.outputs.packages }}
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
      - name: Discover packages with e2e tests
        id: discover-packages
        run: |
@@ -103,14 +103,14 @@ jobs:

  test-smoke:
    needs:
-    - prepare_matrix
+      - prepare_matrix
    name: Smoke Tests
    strategy:
      matrix:
        node-version: ${{ fromJSON(needs.prepare_matrix.outputs.versions) }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
      - name: Setup, install and build
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-build
        with:
@@ -122,14 +122,14 @@ jobs:

  test-unit:
    needs:
-    - prepare_matrix
+      - prepare_matrix
    name: Unit Tests
    strategy:
      matrix:
        node-version: ${{ fromJSON(needs.prepare_matrix.outputs.versions) }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
      - name: Setup, install and build
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-build
        with:
@@ -141,14 +141,14 @@ jobs:

  test-types:
    needs:
-    - prepare_matrix
+      - prepare_matrix
    name: Type Tests
    strategy:
      matrix:
        node-version: ${{ fromJSON(needs.prepare_matrix.outputs.versions) }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
      - name: Setup, install and build
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-build
        with:
@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ jobs:

  test-e2e:
    needs:
-    - prepare_matrix
-    - prepare_e2e_packages
+      - prepare_matrix
+      - prepare_e2e_packages
    name: E2E Tests - ${{ matrix.package_dir }} (Node ${{ matrix.node-version }})
    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
    strategy:
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ jobs:
        package_dir: ${{ fromJSON(needs.prepare_e2e_packages.outputs.packages) }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
      - name: Setup, install and build
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-build
        with:
@@ -188,12 +188,16 @@ jobs:
    name: Lint
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
      - name: Setup and install (no build)
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-build
        with:
          node-version: lts/*
          install-command: npm ci
          run-build: 'false'
-      - name: ESLint
+      - name: Lint
        run: npm run lint:ci
+      - name: Format check
+        run: npm run format:check
+      - name: Verify changelog generation
+        run: npm run verify:changelog-generation
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Check out code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1

      - name: Cleanup
        run: |
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ jobs:
            project_name: appium-inspector

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
      - name: Use Node.js LTS
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v7.0.0
        with:
          node-version: lts/*
          cache: 'npm'
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
          CROWDIN_PROJECT_ID: ${{ vars[matrix.project_id_var] }}
          CROWDIN_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_DOCS_TOKEN }}
      - name: Post to Slack for ${{ matrix.project_name }}
-        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v3.0.3
+        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v4.0.0
        with:
          errors: true
          webhook: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
        with:
          persist-credentials: false
      - name: Use Node.js LTS
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v7.0.0
        with:
          node-version: lts/*
          cache: 'npm'
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
      - name: Use Node.js LTS
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v7.0.0
        with:
          node-version: lts/*
          cache: 'npm'
@@ -10,17 +10,11 @@ permissions:

 jobs:
  prepare_matrix:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    outputs:
-      versions: ${{ steps.generate-matrix.outputs.lts }}
-    steps:
-    - name: Select all current LTS versions of Node.js
-      id: generate-matrix
-      uses: msimerson/node-lts-versions@v2
+    uses: appium/appium-workflows/.github/workflows/node-lts-matrix.yml@main

  check:
    needs:
-    - prepare_matrix
+      - prepare_matrix
    name: Check
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
@@ -29,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
    steps:
      - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v7.0.0
        with:
          node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
      - name: Install Appium
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Docs
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
      - name: Install dependencies (Node.js)
        uses: bahmutov/npm-install@v1.12.1
        with:
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
    env:
      FOSSA_API_KEY: ${{secrets.FOSSA_API_KEY}}
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
        with:
          ref: master
      - name: Install dependencies
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
      - name: Use Node.js LTS
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v7.0.0
        with:
          node-version: lts/*
          cache: 'npm'
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
          # GITHUB_TOKEN is optional - if not provided, uses unauthenticated requests (rate limited)
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Post to Slack
-        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v3.0.3
+        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v4.0.0
        with:
          errors: true
          webhook: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
@@ -8,6 +8,16 @@ on:
        required: true
        type: boolean
        default: true
+      recover_missing_only:
+        description: 'Recovery mode: skip version bump, publish only packages missing on npm at their current package.json version'
+        required: true
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+      allow_legacy_peer_deps:
+        description: 'Beta branch only: pass --legacy-peer-deps to lerna''s internal npm calls, for when a dependent''s peerDependencies range still lags a just-bumped major (causes ERESOLVE otherwise). Leave off unless you hit that failure.'
+        required: true
+        type: boolean
+        default: false

 permissions:
  contents: write
@@ -18,11 +28,15 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
  release:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && contains(fromJSON('["mykola-mokhnach", "jlipps", "eglitise", "KazuCocoa"]'), github.actor)
+    # keep this branch name in sync with env.BETA_BRANCH below - the `env` context isn't available
+    # to jobs.<job_id>.if (GitHub Actions resolves it before job-level env is set up)
+    if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/appium4') && contains(fromJSON('["mykola-mokhnach", "jlipps", "eglitise", "KazuCocoa"]'), github.actor)
+    env:
+      BETA_BRANCH: appium4

    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

@@ -43,15 +57,134 @@ jobs:
          # for lerna createRelease
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          DRY_RUN: ${{ inputs.dry_run }}
+          RECOVER_MISSING_ONLY: ${{ inputs.recover_missing_only }}
+          ALLOW_LEGACY_PEER_DEPS: ${{ inputs.allow_legacy_peer_deps }}
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail
+
+          # On the beta branch ($BETA_BRANCH), every release is a beta prerelease anchored at its
+          # target major (see packages/semantic-release-config's "Next-major beta branches" docs
+          # for the equivalent semantic-release behavior this mirrors).
+          #
+          # allow_legacy_peer_deps: independent next-major beta.0 bumps can briefly outrun a
+          # dependent's committed peerDependencies range, aborting lerna's internal lockfile
+          # refresh with ERESOLVE. Opt-in only - it masks a real (if temporary) peer mismatch.
+          LEGACY_PEER_DEPS_FLAGS=""
+          if [ "$ALLOW_LEGACY_PEER_DEPS" = "true" ]; then
+            LEGACY_PEER_DEPS_FLAGS="--npm-client-args=--legacy-peer-deps"
+          fi
+
+          BETA_FLAGS=""
+          DIST_TAG_FLAGS=""
+          if [ "${{ github.ref_name }}" = "$BETA_BRANCH" ]; then
+            BETA_FLAGS="--conventional-prerelease --preid beta $LEGACY_PEER_DEPS_FLAGS"
+            DIST_TAG_FLAGS="--dist-tag beta"
+          fi
+
+          # Prints "<pkg_name>@<pkg_version>" to stdout for each non-private workspace package
+          # whose current package.json version is not yet on npm.
+          find_missing_packages() {
+            for pkg_json in packages/*/package.json; do
+              if [ ! -f "$pkg_json" ]; then
+                continue
+              fi
+
+              if [ "$(jq -r '.private // false' "$pkg_json")" = "true" ]; then
+                continue
+              fi
+
+              pkg_name="$(jq -r '.name // empty' "$pkg_json")"
+              pkg_version="$(jq -r '.version // empty' "$pkg_json")"
+              if [ -z "$pkg_name" ] || [ -z "$pkg_version" ]; then
+                echo "Skipping malformed package manifest: $pkg_json" >&2
+                continue
+              fi
+
+              pkg_spec="${pkg_name}@${pkg_version}"
+              if ! npm view "$pkg_spec" version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+                echo "$pkg_spec"
+              fi
+            done
+          }
+
+          # Resolves the workspace directory of a package given its npm name.
+          package_dir_for() {
+            local target="$1"
+            for pkg_json in packages/*/package.json; do
+              if [ ! -f "$pkg_json" ]; then
+                continue
+              fi
+              if [ "$(jq -r '.name // empty' "$pkg_json")" = "$target" ]; then
+                dirname "$pkg_json"
+                return 0
+              fi
+            done
+            return 1
+          }
+
+          # Publishes each "<pkg_name>@<pkg_version>" package spec passed as an argument.
+          # `lerna publish` has no per-package scope filter, so this runs `npm publish`
+          # directly from each package's directory instead. Returns non-zero if any
+          # individual publish failed; npm publish's own exit code is taken as authoritative,
+          # no npm registry re-scan is done to double-check it.
+          publish_missing_packages() {
+            echo "Publishing missing packages one-by-one"
+            local overall_status=0
+            for pkg_spec in "$@"; do
+              pkg_name="${pkg_spec%@*}"
+              pkg_dir="$(package_dir_for "$pkg_name")"
+              if [ -z "$pkg_dir" ]; then
+                echo "Could not resolve workspace directory for ${pkg_name}"
+                overall_status=1
+                continue
+              fi
+
+              echo "Publishing ${pkg_spec}"
+              set +e
+              (cd "$pkg_dir" && npm publish $DIST_TAG_FLAGS)
+              publish_exit_code=$?
+              set -e
+              if [ $publish_exit_code -ne 0 ]; then
+                echo "npm publish failed for ${pkg_spec} (exit code ${publish_exit_code})"
+                overall_status=1
+              fi
+            done
+            return $overall_status
+          }
+
+          if [ "$RECOVER_MISSING_ONLY" = "true" ]; then
+            echo "Recovery mode: scanning for packages missing on npm at their current package.json version"
+            mapfile -t missing < <(find_missing_packages)
+
+            if [ ${#missing[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
+              echo "No missing packages found; nothing to do"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+
+            echo "Missing package versions on npm:"
+            printf ' - %s\n' "${missing[@]}"
+
+            if [ "$DRY_RUN" = "true" ]; then
+              echo "Dry run: not publishing"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+
+            if ! publish_missing_packages "${missing[@]}"; then
+              echo "Recovery incomplete: one or more packages failed to publish"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+
+            echo "All missing packages published successfully"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
          if [ "$DRY_RUN" = "true" ]; then
            echo "Running lerna publish in dry-run mode"
-            printf "n\n" | npx lerna version --exact --no-git-tag-version --no-push
+            printf "n\n" | npx lerna version --exact --no-git-tag-version --no-push $BETA_FLAGS
          else
            echo "Running lerna publish for real"
            set +e
-            release_output="$(npm run release -- --yes 2>&1)"
+            release_output="$(npm run release -- --yes $BETA_FLAGS $DIST_TAG_FLAGS 2>&1)"
            release_exit_code=$?
            set -e
            printf '%s\n' "$release_output"
@@ -76,55 +209,13 @@ jobs:
              fi

              git checkout "$tagged_commit"
-              missing=()
-              for pkg_json in packages/*/package.json; do
-                if [ ! -f "$pkg_json" ]; then
-                  continue
-                fi
-
-                if [ "$(jq -r '.private // false' "$pkg_json")" = "true" ]; then
-                  continue
-                fi
-
-                pkg_name="$(jq -r '.name // empty' "$pkg_json")"
-                pkg_version="$(jq -r '.version // empty' "$pkg_json")"
-                if [ -z "$pkg_name" ] || [ -z "$pkg_version" ]; then
-                  echo "Skipping malformed package manifest: $pkg_json"
-                  continue
-                fi
-
-                pkg_spec="${pkg_name}@${pkg_version}"
-                if ! npm view "$pkg_spec" version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-                  missing+=("$pkg_spec")
-                fi
-              done
+              mapfile -t missing < <(find_missing_packages)

              if [ ${#missing[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
                echo "Missing package versions on npm before scoped recovery:"
                printf ' - %s\n' "${missing[@]}"
-                echo "Publishing missing packages one-by-one with scope"
-                for pkg_spec in "${missing[@]}"; do
-                  pkg_name="${pkg_spec%@*}"
-                  echo "Publishing ${pkg_name}"
-                  set +e
-                  npx lerna publish from-package --yes --scope "$pkg_name"
-                  scoped_exit_code=$?
-                  set -e
-                  if [ $scoped_exit_code -ne 0 ]; then
-                    echo "Scoped publish exited non-zero for ${pkg_name}; will verify on npm"
-                  fi
-                done
-
-                final_missing=()
-                for pkg_spec in "${missing[@]}"; do
-                  if ! npm view "$pkg_spec" version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-                    final_missing+=("$pkg_spec")
-                  fi
-                done
-
-                if [ ${#final_missing[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
-                  echo "Recovery incomplete after scoped retries. Still missing:"
-                  printf ' - %s\n' "${final_missing[@]}"
+                if ! publish_missing_packages "${missing[@]}"; then
+                  echo "Recovery incomplete: one or more packages failed to publish"
                  exit $release_exit_code
                fi
              fi
@@ -15,11 +15,15 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
  version:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && contains(fromJSON('["mykola-mokhnach", "jlipps", "eglitise", "KazuCocoa"]'), github.actor)
+    # keep this branch name in sync with env.BETA_BRANCH below - the `env` context isn't available
+    # to jobs.<job_id>.if (GitHub Actions resolves it before job-level env is set up)
+    if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/appium4') && contains(fromJSON('["mykola-mokhnach", "jlipps", "eglitise", "KazuCocoa"]'), github.actor)
+    env:
+      BETA_BRANCH: appium4

    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

@@ -38,4 +42,9 @@ jobs:
      - name: Run Lerna version
        env:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: npx lerna version --exact --yes
+        run: |
+          BETA_FLAGS=""
+          if [ "${{ github.ref_name }}" = "$BETA_BRANCH" ]; then
+            BETA_FLAGS="--conventional-prerelease --preid beta"
+          fi
+          npx lerna version --exact --yes $BETA_FLAGS
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Check for "On Hold" label
-        uses: egmacke/action-check-label@v4
+        uses: egmacke/action-check-label@v5
        with:
          label: On Hold
          state: absent
@@ -2,17 +2,21 @@ name: Publish docs

 on:
  workflow_dispatch:
-  workflow_run:
-    workflows: ["Appium Server Release"]
-    types:
-      - completed
+  push:
+    # Runs when any new Appium tag is pushed = there is a new release
+    # Does not trigger for tags with a slash, e.g. 1.0/beta
+    tags:        
+      - appium@*
+      - '!appium@*beta*'

 jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0 # ensure the docs branch is also fetched
      - run: |
          git config user.name github-actions
          git config user.email github-actions@github.com
@@ -24,9 +28,5 @@ jobs:
          run-build: 'true'
      - name: Install dependencies (Python)
        run: npm run install-docs-deps
-      - name: Fetch gh-pages
-        run: |
-          git fetch origin gh-pages:gh-pages || true
      - name: Publish docs
-        run: |
-          npm run docs:publish
+        run: npm run docs:publish
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Check Renovate Configs
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7.0.1
      - name: Validate Renovate Config
        uses: rinchsan/renovate-config-validator@v0.2.1
        with:
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "mcpServers": {
+    "codegraph": {
+      "type": "stdio",
+      "command": "codegraph",
+      "args": ["serve", "--mcp"]
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-// @ts-check
-
-'use strict';
-
-module.exports = {
-  require: ['ts-node/register'],
-  // forbids use of .only() in CI
-  forbidOnly: Boolean(process.env.CI),
-  color: true,
-  timeout: '5s',
-};
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-**/node_modules/**
-**/build/**
-**/fixtures/**
-**/*.min.*
-**/*.md
-package-lock.json
-package.json
-**/.vscode/**
-**/*.html
-**/generated/**
-# generated
-packages/types/lib/appium-config.ts
-**/*.hbs
-
-/.nx/workspace-data
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
  "extends": ["github>appium/appium//renovate/default"],
-  "schedule": [
-    "after 10pm",
-    "before 5:00am"
-  ],
+  "schedule": ["after 10pm", "before 5:00am"],
  "timezone": "America/Vancouver"
 }
@@ -29,11 +29,12 @@ to driver/client documentation
 * [fake-plugin](packages/fake-plugin/CHANGELOG.md)
 * [logger](packages/logger/CHANGELOG.md)
 * [opencv](packages/opencv/CHANGELOG.md)
+* [oxc-config](packages/oxc-config/CHANGELOG.md)
 * [plugin-test-support](packages/plugin-test-support/CHANGELOG.md)
 * [schema](packages/schema/CHANGELOG.md)
+* [semantic-release-config](packages/semantic-release-config/CHANGELOG.md)
 * [strongbox](packages/strongbox/CHANGELOG.md)
 * [support](packages/support/CHANGELOG.md)
-* [test-support](packages/test-support/CHANGELOG.md)
 * [tsconfig](packages/tsconfig/CHANGELOG.md)
 * [types](packages/types/CHANGELOG.md)

@@ -42,4 +43,5 @@ The changelog links used for these modules lead to the last version of their cha
 * [doctor](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/8daf5e123ac14c8325acf504fb33eb28e1a3dd78/packages/doctor/CHANGELOG.md) ([removal PR](https://github.com/appium/appium/pull/20805))
 * [eslint-config-appium](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/4b3a8c2197a587ec5a2606b662e4e7667a7852cb/packages/eslint-config-appium/CHANGELOG.md) ([removal PR](https://github.com/appium/appium/pull/20856))
 * [gulp-plugins](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/0823f0b60e40395cd1dc3b72cfa3c0092bc81302/packages/gulp-plugins/CHANGELOG.md) ([removal PR](https://github.com/appium/appium/pull/17943))
+* [test-support](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/1a46d7d61ee49c7e82a63687c5647c42ab69513d/packages/test-support/CHANGELOG.md) ([removal PR](https://github.com/appium/appium/pull/22351))
 * [typedoc-plugin-appium](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/d6204b6902074210943d7bbbf72d139b9b170a20/packages/typedoc-plugin-appium/CHANGELOG.md) ([removal PR](https://github.com/appium/appium/pull/19465))
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-import appiumConfig from '@appium/eslint-config-appium-ts';
-import {defineConfig, globalIgnores} from 'eslint/config';
-
-// Create a modified config subset for test support files:
-// Extract the test file related configs (Mocha plugin and custom rules),
-// then override their 'files' property (match by name — resilient to new config entries).
-const testFileConfigItems = appiumConfig.filter(
-  (item) => typeof item?.name === 'string' && item.name.startsWith('Test Files'),
-);
-const testSupportFiles = [
-  'packages/test-support/lib/**',
-  'packages/driver-test-support/lib/**',
-  'packages/plugin-test-support/lib/**',
-];
-const testSupportConfig = testFileConfigItems.map((item) => ({...item, files: testSupportFiles}));
-
-export default defineConfig([
-  {
-    name: 'Base Config',
-    extends: [appiumConfig],
-  },
-  {
-    name: 'Test Support',
-    extends: [testSupportConfig],
-  },
-  {
-    name: 'Consistent type-only imports (all packages)',
-    files: ['**/*.{ts,tsx,mtsx}'],
-    rules: {
-      '@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-imports': [
-        'error',
-        { fixStyle: 'separate-type-imports', prefer: 'type-imports' },
-      ],
-    },
-  },
-  globalIgnores([
-    '**/build-fixtures/**',
-    'packages/appium/docs/**/assets/**',
-    'packages/appium/docs/**/js/**',
-    'packages/appium/sample-code/**',
-  ]),
-]);
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
    "version": {
      "conventionalCommits": true,
      "createRelease": "github",
-      "allowBranch": ["master", "appium3"],
+      "allowBranch": ["master", "appium4"],
      "exact": true
    }
  },
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import appiumConfig, {defineConfig, ignorePatterns as appiumIgnorePatterns} from '@appium/oxc-config/oxfmt';
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  ...appiumConfig,
+  ignorePatterns: [
+    ...appiumIgnorePatterns,
+    'packages/appium/docs/**',
+    'packages/schema/lib/appium-config.schema.json',
+    'packages/types/lib/appium-config.ts',
+  ],
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import appiumConfig, {defineConfig, ignorePatterns as appiumIgnorePatterns} from '@appium/oxc-config/oxlint';
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  extends: [appiumConfig],
+  ignorePatterns: [
+    ...appiumIgnorePatterns,
+    'packages/appium/docs/**/assets/**',
+    'packages/appium/docs/**/js/**',
+    'packages/appium/sample-code/**',
+  ],
+});
@@ -4,28 +4,31 @@
  "private": true,
  "description": "Automation for Apps.",
  "keywords": [
+    "android",
    "automation",
+    "firefoxos",
+    "ios",
    "javascript",
    "selenium",
-    "webdriver",
-    "ios",
-    "android",
-    "firefoxos",
-    "testing"
+    "testing",
+    "webdriver"
  ],
  "homepage": "https://appium.io",
  "bugs": {
    "url": "https://github.com/appium/appium/issues"
  },
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "author": "https://github.com/appium",
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "https://github.com/appium/appium.git"
  },
-  "license": "Apache-2.0",
-  "author": "https://github.com/appium",
  "workspaces": [
    "packages/*"
  ],
+  "publishConfig": {
+    "access": "public"
+  },
  "scripts": {
    "build": "run-s build:*",
    "build:compile": "tsc -b",
@@ -47,9 +50,11 @@
    "docs:publish": "npm run -w packages/appium publish:docs",
    "doctor": "node ./scripts/doctor-stub.mjs",
    "install-docs-deps": "npm run -w packages/appium install-docs-deps",
-    "lint": "eslint .",
-    "lint:ci": "eslint --quiet .",
-    "lint:fix": "run-s \"lint -- --fix\"",
+    "format": "oxfmt -c oxfmt.config.mjs .",
+    "format:check": "oxfmt -c oxfmt.config.mjs --check .",
+    "lint": "oxlint -c oxlint.config.mjs .",
+    "lint:ci": "oxlint -c oxlint.config.mjs --quiet .",
+    "lint:fix": "oxlint -c oxlint.config.mjs --fix .",
    "prepare": "run-p rebuild",
    "prepublishOnly": "run-s rebuild",
    "preversion": "run-s rebuild",
@@ -60,105 +65,62 @@
    "release": "lerna publish --exact",
    "stage-synced-pkgs": "git add -A packages/appium/README.md \"packages/*/package.json\"",
    "start": "appium",
-    "sync-pkgs": "run-p sync-pkgs:*",
-    "sync-pkgs:appium-readme": "sync-monorepo-packages --force --no-package-json --packages=packages/appium README.md",
-    "sync-pkgs:common-fields:default": "sync-monorepo-packages --packages=\"!packages/logger\" --fields=author,license,bugs,homepage",
-    "sync-pkgs:common-fields:logger": "sync-monorepo-packages --packages=\"packages/logger\" --fields=author,bugs,homepage",
-    "sync-pkgs:keywords": "sync-monorepo-packages --field=keywords --packages=\"packages/*\" --packages=\"!packages/types\" --packages=\"!packages/eslint-config-appium-ts\" ",
-    "sync-pkgs:license": "sync-monorepo-packages --force --no-package-json --packages=\"!packages/logger\" LICENSE",
+    "sync-pkgs": "node ./scripts/sync-monorepo-packages.mjs",
    "test": "run-s test:quick",
    "test:ci": "run-s test:smoke test:unit test:types test:e2e",
    "test:e2e": "lerna run test:e2e",
    "test:quick": "run-s lint test:unit test:types",
    "test:slow": "run-s test:quick test:smoke test:e2e",
-    "test:smoke": "smoker --all test:smoke",
+    "test:smoke": "lerna run test:smoke",
    "test:types": "lerna run test:types",
    "test:unit": "lerna run test",
    "upload": "gulp github-upload",
+    "verify:changelog-generation": "node ./scripts/verify-changelog-generation.mjs",
    "zip": "zip -qr ./appium.zip ./packages/appium",
    "zip-and-upload": "run-s zip upload"
  },
-  "prettier": {
-    "bracketSpacing": false,
-    "printWidth": 100,
-    "singleQuote": true
-  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@colors/colors": "1.6.0",
-    "@eslint/js": "10.0.1",
-    "@stylistic/eslint-plugin": "5.10.0",
-    "@tsconfig/node20": "20.1.9",
-    "@types/argparse": "2.0.17",
+    "@appium/oxc-config": "1.0.0",
+    "@tsconfig/node22": "22.0.0",
    "@types/async-lock": "1.4.2",
-    "@types/base64-stream": "1.0.5",
-    "@types/bluebird": "3.5.42",
-    "@types/chai": "5.2.3",
-    "@types/chai-as-promised": "8.0.2",
+    "@types/content-disposition": "0.5.9",
    "@types/express": "5.0.6",
+    "@types/finalhandler": "1.2.4",
    "@types/jsftp": "2.1.5",
    "@types/json-schema": "7.0.15",
    "@types/klaw": "3.0.7",
    "@types/lockfile": "1.0.4",
-    "@types/lodash": "4.17.24",
    "@types/method-override": "3.0.0",
-    "@types/mocha": "10.0.10",
-    "@types/mv": "2.1.4",
-    "@types/ncp": "2.0.8",
-    "@types/node": "24.12.4",
+    "@types/mime-types": "3.0.1",
+    "@types/morgan": "1.9.10",
+    "@types/node": "24.13.3",
+    "@types/picomatch": "4.0.3",
    "@types/pluralize": "0.0.33",
-    "@types/semver": "7.7.1",
+    "@types/semver": "7.8.0",
    "@types/serve-favicon": "2.5.7",
    "@types/shell-quote": "1.7.5",
-    "@types/sinon": "21.0.1",
-    "@types/sinon-chai": "4.0.0",
+    "@types/sinon": "22.0.0",
    "@types/which": "3.0.4",
    "@types/ws": "8.18.1",
-    "@types/xmldom": "0.1.34",
    "@types/yargs": "17.0.35",
-    "asyncbox": "6.3.0",
-    "chai": "6.2.2",
-    "chai-as-promised": "8.0.2",
-    "conventional-changelog-conventionalcommits": "7.0.2",
+    "asyncbox": "6.4.2",
+    "conventional-changelog-conventionalcommits": "9.3.1",
    "cpy-cli": "7.0.0",
    "cross-env": "10.1.0",
-    "eslint": "10.4.0",
-    "eslint-config-prettier": "10.1.8",
-    "eslint-import-resolver-typescript": "4.4.4",
-    "eslint-plugin-import-x": "4.16.2",
-    "eslint-plugin-mocha": "11.3.0",
-    "eslint-plugin-n": "18.0.1",
-    "eslint-plugin-promise": "7.3.0",
    "finalhandler": "2.1.1",
-    "get-port": "7.2.0",
    "json-schema-to-typescript": "15.0.4",
-    "lerna": "9.0.7",
-    "log-symbols": "7.0.1",
-    "midnight-smoker": "8.0.0",
+    "lerna": "10.0.1",
    "mjpeg-consumer": "2.0.0",
    "mjpeg-server": "0.3.1",
-    "mocha": "11.7.6",
-    "npm-run-all2": "9.0.1",
-    "prettier": "3.8.3",
-    "rewiremock": "3.14.6",
+    "npm-run-all2": "9.0.3",
    "rimraf": "6.1.3",
    "serve-static": "2.2.1",
-    "sinon": "22.0.0",
-    "sinon-chai": "4.0.1",
-    "sync-monorepo-packages": "1.0.2",
-    "teen_process": "4.1.3",
-    "ts-node": "10.9.2",
+    "sinon": "22.1.0",
+    "teen_process": "4.2.1",
    "tsd": "0.33.0",
    "typescript": "6.0.3",
-    "typescript-eslint": "8.60.0",
-    "webdriverio": "9.27.2",
-    "ws": "8.21.0"
-  },
-  "engines": {
-    "node": "^20.19.0 || ^22.12.0 || >=24.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=10"
-  },
-  "publishConfig": {
-    "access": "public"
+    "webdriverio": "9.31.2",
+    "ws": "8.21.3"
  },
  "overrides": {
    "@sidvind/better-ajv-errors": {
@@ -168,5 +130,9 @@
      "ajv": "8.20.0"
    },
    "http-cache-semantics": "4.2.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": "^22.22.2 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0",
+    "npm": ">=10"
  }
 }
@@ -3,6 +3,158 @@
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 See [Conventional Commits](https://conventionalcommits.org) for commit guidelines.

+## [4.0.0-beta.1](https://github.com/appium/appium/compare/appium@4.0.0-beta.0...appium@4.0.0-beta.1) (2026-09-19)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **deps:** catch up peerDependencies to published beta.0; drop bootstrap_packages ([#22793](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22793)) ([b09efc3](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/b09efc31c6967bbcf2c4314db9d2a0b6454fa8fb))
+
+
+## [4.0.0-beta.0](https://github.com/appium/appium/compare/appium@3.7.0...appium@4.0.0-beta.0) (2026-09-19)
+
+### ⚠ BREAKING CHANGES
+
+* **base-driver:** align timeouts endpoints closer to W3C standard (#22776)
+* users relying on the implicit debug default for console/file logs will now see info-level output unless they explicitly pass --log-level debug.
+* **support:** Any script or tool that consumes Appium CLI output (driver/plugin list/install/update, doctor, etc.) and relies on the previous stream layout will need to be updated. Previously, non-JSON human-readable output (info/success/warning messages) was written to STDERR, with STDOUT reserved almost exclusively for --json output. Now that output goes to STDOUT, and only actual errors go to STDERR.
+* **support:** Scripts that discarded STDOUT (1&gt;/dev/null) to suppress &quot;chatter&quot; while relying on STDERR for status text will now see that text on STDOUT instead.
+* **support:** Scripts that captured STDERR to detect/log informational or success messages will no longer see them there — only genuine errors will appear on STDERR. --json output and error behavior are unaffected: --json continues to write clean JSON to STDOUT only, and errors continue to go to STDERR.
+* **support:** @appium/logger&#x27;s Log class changes its default output stream from STDERR to STDOUT for all levels except error, and adds an errorStream/stderrLevel pair of properties. Any code that set .stream on a Log instance expecting it to capture all levels (including error) will now need to also set .errorStream to the same target.
+* **base-driver:** @appium/base-driver&#x27;s default export (BaseDriver) and @appium/base-driver&#x27;s basedriver/helpers.js default export are removed; use the named exports instead. The appium/driver.js and driver.d.ts re-exports of the default are removed accordingly.
+* **base-driver:** BaseDriver.reset() is removed; it was unused, not part of any protocol route or the Driver interface, and had no callers in this monorepo or any driver package that was checked.
+* **base-driver:** BaseDriver&#x27;s constructor is removed in favor of inherited DriverCore construction; opts is no longer a required constructor argument (it now defaults to {}, matching DriverCore).
+* **support:** @appium/support&#x27;s fs.glob option shape changed from the glob package&#x27;s GlobOptions to a smaller, @appium/support-owned GlobOptions interface. Supported fields: cwd, withFileTypes, absolute, lazy. Options like nodir/ignore/nocase are no longer supported directly — callers needing directory filtering can pass withFileTypes: true and filter on .isFile()/.isDirectory(); callers needing path exclusion can filter the returned array by pattern.
+* **appium:** The --allow-cors CLI flag and allow-cors config file property have been removed. Use --allow-insecure&#x3D;*:cors (or --relaxed-security, optionally overridden with --deny-insecure&#x3D;*:cors) instead.
+* **base-driver:** ISessionHandler.createSession (@appium/types) and LegacyCreateSessionArgs — overload and type deleted, single-argument signature only.
+* **base-driver:** BaseDriver.createSession and AppiumDriver.createSession — collapsed to the single-argument mplementation; capability validation now checks the one argument directly instead of scanning three positions for the first W3C-shaped value.
+* **base-driver:** FakeDriver.createSession (and the base-driver e2e test double) — overrides updated to match.
+* **base-driver:** RelaxedCapsPlugin.createSession — this plugin existed specifically to normalize capabilities across the (now-gone) three positions; its hook is simplified to a single caps argument.
+* **base-driver:** POST /session wire route (w3c.ts) — payloadParams.optional no longer sends capabilities three times into the command args.
+* **base-driver:** BaseDriver.getSession, ISessionHandler.getSession, and the GET /session/:sessionId JSONWP route are gone. Use getAppiumSessionCapabilities to retrieve session capabilities and EventCommands.getLogEvents to retrieve event history instead.
+* **base-driver:** The appium:eventTimings capability is removed; it only ever controlled whether getSession&#x27;s response was decorated with event history, which getLogEvents already exposes unconditionally.
+* **support:** move npm-related helpers into appium package (#22721)
+* **logger:** @appium/logger and @appium/support no longer export a default log — import the named log export instead.
+* **logger:** AppiumLogger#errorAndThrow has been removed; use errorWithException instead.
+* **logger:** Logger#enableProgress, disableProgress, progressEnabled, enableUnicode, disableUnicode have been removed; they were already permanently disabled no-ops.
+* **base-plugin:** Plugin#logger has been removed; use Plugin#log instead.
+* **base-plugin:** @appium/base-plugin no longer exports BasePlugin as the default export; use the named BasePlugin export.
+* Core.driverData, DriverData, and the driverData parameter on ISessionHandler.createSession/deleteSession are gone. Any driver overriding get driverData() or relying on the umbrella driver passing sibling-session data into createSession/deleteSession needs to migrate off this mechanism.
+* FakeDriver no longer supports the uniqueApp capability.
+* **support:** npm.installPackage now takes a hasAppiumDependency boolean computed by the caller instead of importing the check itself, avoiding a support -&gt; appium dependency.
+* **support:** The env export is removed from @appium/support.
+* the minimum supported Node.js engine is set to ^22.22.2 || ^24.15.0 || &gt;&#x3D;26.0.0
+* **base-driver:** @appium/base-driver no longer exports statusCodes or getSummaryByCode (the jsonwp-status module was removed).
+* **base-driver:** errorFromMJSONWPStatusCode (aliased as errorFromCode) has been removed; use errorFromW3CJsonCode for W3C error-signature mapping.
+* **base-driver:** ProtocolError instances no longer have a jsonwpCode property.
+* **base-driver:** WebDriverProxy (formerly JWProxy) no longer proxies to or interprets responses from downstream servers speaking the legacy MJSONWP protocol; the ProtocolConverter class, COMMAND_URLS_CONFLICTS, and the downstreamProtocol getter/setter have been removed. Downstream automation servers must speak W3C WebDriver.
+* **base-driver:** Responses no longer duplicate element references under the legacy ELEMENT key; only the W3C element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf key is present. The MJSONWP_ELEMENT_KEY constant has been removed.
+* **base-driver:** determineProtocol has been removed, and drivers can no longer produce the legacy {sessionId, status, value} response shape; all responses are now W3C-shaped regardless of how the client formatted its createSession capabilities.
+* **base-driver:** DriverCore#setProtocolMJSONWP() has been removed.
+* **base-driver:** The deprecated JWProxy export has been removed; use WebDriverProxy instead. Its source also moved from lib/jsonwp-proxy/proxy.js to lib/wd-proxy/proxy.js.
+* **base-driver:** DriverCore#isMjsonwpProtocol() has been removed.
+* **support:** The following @appium/support exports have been removed: process (getProcessIds, killProcess), mkdirp, imageUtil (requireSharp, cropBase64Image), mjpeg (MJpegStream), net&#x27;s FTP upload
+support (FtpUploadOptions, NotHttpUploadOptions; uploadFile only supports http/https now), util&#x27;s uuidV1/uuidV3/uuidV5/localIp/cancellableDelay/multiResolve, and fs&#x27;s readPackageJsonFrom/findRoot/ F_OK/R_OK/W_OK/X_OK.
+* **appium:** The --nodeconfig server argument and the server.nodeconfig config file property no longer exist. Users who need to register with a Selenium Grid should use the Grid 4 relay feature instead (see the Grid guide).
+* **base-driver:** TLS-enabled Appium servers no longer negotiate SPDY/HTTP2 (spdy/2, spdy/3, spdy/3.1, h2) via ALPN; connections are now served as plain HTTPS (HTTP/1.1) using Node&#x27;s native https module. Clients relying on SPDY or HTTP/2 multiplexing against Appium&#x27;s TLS listener must switch to HTTP/1.1.
+* **appium:** &#x60;npm install -g appium --drivers&#x3D;... --plugins&#x3D;...&#x60; no longer installs extensions automatically. Use &#x60;appium driver/plugin install&#x60; or add extensions to package.json instead.
+* require(&#x27;@appium/support&#x27;) no longer works; consumers must import it instead.
+* require(&#x27;@appium/base-driver&#x27;) no longer works; drivers extending BaseDriver via require must switch to import.
+* require(&#x27;@appium/base-plugin&#x27;) no longer works; plugins extending BasePlugin via require must switch to import.
+* require(&#x27;appium&#x27;) no longer works; plugins extending the package via require must switch to import.
+* require(&#x27;@appium/fake-plugin&#x27;) no longer works; consumers must import it instead.
+* require(&#x27;@appium/fake-driver&#x27;) no longer works; consumers must import it instead.
+* require(&#x27;@appium/types&#x27;) no longer works; consumers must import it instead.
+* require(&#x27;@appium/logger&#x27;) no longer works; consumers must import it instead.
+* require(&#x27;@appium/schema&#x27;) no longer works; consumers must import it instead.
+
+### Features
+
+* **appium:** add --app-url-rules server arg to restrict remote app URLs ([#22753](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22753)) ([0b104f6](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/0b104f6bf9b7180b111df40fd6a15b26d649eabd))
+* **appium:** remove postinstall autoinstall-extensions script ([#22675](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22675)) ([cd0d8f1](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/cd0d8f14e9d5906ecd1b438038a7f67f74f742fc))
+* **appium:** remove Selenium Grid 3 support ([#22677](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22677)) ([8fcdcb3](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/8fcdcb30b07c1ee582256fbef3538d6a3ceea5f2))
+* **appium:** replace --allow-cors flag with --allow-insecure&#x3D;*:cors ([#22731](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22731)) ([926a0a5](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/926a0a594935a6cf2e7375eb174eeb15af964f12))
+* **appium:** validate extension manifests and extensions.yaml via ajv ([#22732](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22732)) ([8840f9f](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/8840f9f9322b63bc8940c390b8230f1e5306fa62))
+* backport diff from master ([#22749](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22749)) ([6323df1](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/6323df1d7354f85cc631508f5cb6a3e35270d4bd))
+* **base-driver:** add definitions for all WebDriver BiDi commands ([#22770](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22770)) ([ac01aa8](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/ac01aa83ad73982eea48f856dfc0249b4a26e395))
+* **base-driver:** align timeouts endpoints closer to W3C standard ([#22776](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22776)) ([93115d1](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/93115d195773b011306ffb2e6d7d6cc935df0148))
+* **base-driver:** remove legacy (M)JSONWP protocol support ([#22681](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22681)) ([0b83e77](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/0b83e77e7a1c24a885d9895a99db30281cf4acea))
+* **base-driver:** replace spdy with native https transport ([#22676](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22676)) ([ec7de47](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/ec7de4768fdd8dde9d28db6fc2dfd63be45fd4c6))
+* bump minimum supported Node.js engine to ^22.22.2 || ^24.15.0 || &gt;&#x3D;26.0.0 ([#22685](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22685)) ([9f4a11e](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/9f4a11e7190290986d01743557e90e6e44f87638))
+* Change the default log level to &#x60;info&#x60; ([#22756](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22756)) ([5e644a3](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/5e644a392fbf11e2ca985408853d7f51aa85be17))
+* convert remaining monorepo packages to ESM-only ([#22674](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22674)) ([3516e50](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/3516e50ce6d022f4c0dc539071c593bf2983325f))
+* **support:** move env/APPIUM_HOME resolution into appium package ([#22708](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22708)) ([8db8e57](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/8db8e5748e26a7150cacbea09ba3ec52c5ce3fc0))
+* **support:** remove deprecated APIs ([#22678](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22678)) ([e8ee716](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/e8ee71685b4c21116e61c88fd8d2f0e39fac2edb))
+* **types:** check execute method params against the command signature ([#22754](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22754)) ([b25fc20](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/b25fc20c51a191c33695c1c71fbf129de834b52d))
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* address code review cleanups (plist, env memoize, test reuse) ([#22740](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22740)) ([0df8834](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/0df883463812d57d44a0d6d80e9b88f124361934))
+* Address several TODOs ([#22762](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22762)) ([d6ef7e3](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/d6ef7e3f1240f161df622c850aea06637f9d1078))
+* adjust deprecated JSONWP/MJSONWP routes ([#22763](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22763)) ([b129cbb](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/b129cbbcd55656ae7f33b80b4b52719eb5179509))
+* **appium:** lock the extension manifest while driver/plugin commands run ([#22767](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22767)) ([a73644f](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/a73644fb4f4e7b0363117ac1262d7018094b42ff))
+* **base-driver:** clean up aborted session creation ([#22733](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22733)) ([33d866e](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/33d866e57506e1546aa4870dde75f7209be107bc))
+* declare dependencies that were only resolving via hoisting ([#22758](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22758)) ([bcf1c57](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/bcf1c579997b8dbb8292b1a77583aeef40b11ba4))
+* **support:** route non-error CLI console output to stdout ([#22742](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22742)) ([4eb4d7f](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/4eb4d7f317a685d681b6cf4e25c15b617a8cc7df))
+
+### Code Refactoring
+
+* **base-driver:** remove deprecated getSession command ([#22725](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22725)) ([f71d980](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/f71d980779d23e9a19d33285646fad128eae4917))
+* **base-driver:** remove deprecated multi-argument createSession overload ([#22730](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22730)) ([db72249](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/db722498739ae7fe1deef1b98e02d04b455a4f70))
+* **base-driver:** replace command mixin with explicit named exports ([#22741](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22741)) ([506bfee](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/506bfeeb9aa15c0dd1f481868d347cb9b0d37f86))
+* **base-plugin:** remove deprecated legacy logger and default export ([#22718](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22718)) ([62db5f0](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/62db5f0b20c496b495ce27d490453861ddefb259))
+* **logger:** remove default exports and dead logging APIs ([#22719](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22719)) ([fe24f52](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/fe24f527a4412ed86c7b5e5afe0c6e26dc569e6b))
+* remove deprecated driverData mechanism ([#22716](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22716)) ([ef8a8e1](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/ef8a8e1934bfdc9699c2b9a7eca3e2201b4b9f93))
+* **support:** move npm-related helpers into appium package ([#22721](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22721)) ([d82d496](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/d82d496f9e80d6628abface3b623601a6f9791f9))
+* **support:** replace glob package with native node:fs glob ([#22735](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22735)) ([add1615](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/add161560701ac7fb2bc372ddefd9317146fbae8))
+
+
+## [3.7.0](https://github.com/appium/appium/compare/appium@3.6.0...appium@3.7.0) (2026-08-24)
+
+### Features
+
+* **base-driver:** add httpServer.frontRouter for global extension middleware ([#22632](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22632)) ([f06226b](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/f06226b7bb2fb7ee2f3a61833f4a1d7777d4ef21))
+* **storage-plugin:** Add route aliases ([#22558](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22558)) ([a551c38](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/a551c3817156bbc7e06793227643a2d11c0c0259))
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **appium:** load @appium/docutils dynamically in docs build script ([#22584](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22584)) ([2c0f3fd](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/2c0f3fd9e319c3bc774bdd2a65148da11094c87c))
+* **appium:** parse --webhook as a URI instead of host:port ([#22635](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22635)) ([c35a12a](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/c35a12a51d30fe311ef96ebe386cd9c5540e3927))
+* **support:** do not treat a sibling folder as a subpath of the root ([#22586](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22586)) ([3a80498](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/3a8049887dc673a6658c3821a2882e0145c3aa86))
+
+
+## [3.6.0](https://github.com/appium/appium/compare/appium@3.5.2...appium@3.6.0) (2026-07-25)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **appium:** add --allow-unknown-args to tolerate unrecognized server CLI arguments ([#22477](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22477)) ([f943fab](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/f943fab1411826212cfb174e3847e610c25f37b7))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **appium:** Duplicated module import ([#22519](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22519)) ([154ea18](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/154ea1825281335569f0d6952db527135c75e153))
+* typescript config ([#22540](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22540)) ([ea6a2e1](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/ea6a2e117f56c1d7ff459378700494407c51608e))
+* Typescript references ([#22458](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22458)) ([fd70da7](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/fd70da7ab407bf1f6fec8a3576b9a33f0aef9b69))
+
+
+
+## [3.5.2](https://github.com/appium/appium/compare/appium@3.5.1...appium@3.5.2) (2026-06-18)
+
+**Note:** Version bump only for package appium
+
+
+
+
+
+## [3.5.1](https://github.com/appium/appium/compare/appium@3.5.0...appium@3.5.1) (2026-06-18)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **storage-plugin:** add fs.sanitizeName for the delete request as well ([#22362](https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/22362)) ([5fee017](https://github.com/appium/appium/commit/5fee01752f2782e96fbe64fd13520b433d4a7535))
+
+
+
 ## [3.5.0](https://github.com/appium/appium/compare/appium@3.4.2...appium@3.5.0) (2026-05-31)


@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ plugins:
  blog:
    enabled: true
    post_excerpt: required
+  mike:
+    canonical_version: 'latest'
  redirects:
    redirect_maps:
      'intro/requirements.md': 'quickstart/requirements.md'
@@ -17,3 +17,8 @@ authors:
    avatar: 'https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4045041?v=4'
    slug: 'sai'
    url: 'https://saikrishna.tech'
+  mykola:
+    name: 'Mykola Mokhnach'
+    description: 'Appium Core Maintainer'
+    avatar: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7767781?v=4
+    slug: 'mykola'
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ date: 2025-11-25
 # Announcing LambdaTest as Appium's Newest Development Partner

 As part of our ongoing effort to recognize organizations that meaningfully support the Appium project through dedicated maintainer time, we are excited to welcome our newest Development Partner: LambdaTest!
-LambdaTest has long been an active participant in the automated testing ecosystem. Today, they are officially formalizing their commitment by investing people—dedicated engineers who will directly support Appium's development, maintenance, and ecosystem growth.
-This kind of hands-on contribution is crucial for ensuring Appium continues to evolve. We deeply value partners who empower their engineering teams to contribute code directly to open source rather than just sponsorship.

 <!-- more -->

+LambdaTest has long been an active participant in the automated testing ecosystem. Today, they are officially formalizing their commitment by investing people—dedicated engineers who will directly support Appium's development, maintenance, and ecosystem growth.
+
+This kind of hands-on contribution is crucial for ensuring Appium continues to evolve. We deeply value partners who empower their engineering teams to contribute code directly to open source rather than just sponsorship.
+
 <div style="text-align:center;width:100%">
  <a href="https://lambdatest.com/?utm_source=appium.io&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=june_25&utm_term=sk&utm_content=webpage">
    <img src="/docs/en/latest/assets/images/sponsor-logo-lambdatest-dark.png#only-dark" width="300" />
@@ -22,15 +24,19 @@ This kind of hands-on contribution is crucial for ensuring Appium continues to e


 LambdaTest engineers are already contributing actively across several key Appium repositories. Their current focus includes:
- **appium-mcp** – Supporting Appium's implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to drive forward modern AI-assisted capabilities.
- **appium-remote-xpc** – Contributing to the native macOS/XPC-based remote execution layer, essential for iOS automation.
- **appium-tun-tap** – Assisting in the development and maintenance of network virtualization and tunneling components for advanced testing scenarios.
+
+* [`appium-mcp`](https://github.com/appium/appium-mcp) – Supporting Appium's implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to drive forward modern AI-assisted capabilities.
+* [`appium-ios-remotexpc`](https://github.com/appium/appium-ios-remotexpc) – Contributing to the native macOS/XPC-based remote execution layer, essential for iOS automation.
+* [`appium-ios-tuntap`](https://github.com/appium/appium-ios-tuntap) – Assisting in the development and maintenance of network virtualization and tunneling components for advanced testing scenarios.

 These contributions strengthen critical infrastructure within the Appium ecosystem and demonstrate LambdaTest's commitment to deep technical involvement in the project's evolution.
-About LambdaTest
+
+**About LambdaTest**

 LambdaTest’s platform already serves a massive community of Appium users. As a GenAI-powered Quality Engineering Platform, they provide a full-stack testing cloud with 10,000+ real mobile devices and 3,000+ browsers.
+
 Beyond standard infrastructure, they are pushing the boundaries of test execution with AI-native test management and next-generation agents like KaneAI. By supporting Appium alongside Selenium, Playwright, and other major frameworks, LambdaTest helps teams orchestrate intelligent automation at cloud scale.

 LambdaTest will continue contributing people, code, and development expertise to strengthen Appium's core functionality. Their commitment represents a significant investment into the future of the framework, and we're thrilled to have them collaborating with us at this deeper level.
+
 The Appium project is proud to recognize LambdaTest as our newest official Development Partner. We can't wait to see what we'll build together!
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+authors:
+  - mykola
+date: 2026-09-01
+---
+
+# Announcing watchOS Simulator Support in the XCUITest Driver
+
+We’re excited to announce that the XCUITest driver now supports automation of watchOS apps — a
+platform that’s been on Appium’s requested list for a long time.
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+In order to automate watchOS, you'll need the following:
+
+* XCUITest driver version 12.6.0 or later (WebDriverAgent 16.5.0 or later)
+* Xcode 15.4 or later
+* watchOS 10 or later
+
+Important to note: ^^the driver currently only works with simulators — real devices are not
+compatible.^^
+
+The good news: automating a watchOS app looks just like automating any other iOS/iPadOS app. The
+standard use-cases of finding and clicking on elements, retrieving the page source, using the
+Appium Inspector — all work as usual. The one exception here is standard W3C gesture/touch actions
+(tap/swipe via the Actions API), which are not supported.
+
+On top of that, a few watchOS-specific extensions are available:
+
+- `mobile: pressButton` — press the Digital Crown or Action button
+- `mobile: rotateDigitalCrown` — rotate the Digital Crown (since driver version 12.7.0)
+- `mobile: performHandGesture` — perform double-tap or wrist flick hand gestures (since driver
+  version 12.7.0)
+
+For full setup instructions, capabilities, and limitations, check out the
+[watchOS guide](https://appium.github.io/appium-xcuitest-driver/latest/guides/watchos/).
+
+Happy testing!
@@ -222,18 +222,13 @@ So you'll probably end up overriding `createSession`. You can do so by defining
 driver:

 ```js
-async createSession(jwpCaps, reqCaps, w3cCaps, otherDriverData) {
-    const [sessionId, caps] = super.createSession(w3cCaps);
+async createSession(w3cCaps) {
+    const [sessionId, caps] = await super.createSession(w3cCaps);
    // do your own stuff here
    return [sessionId, caps];
 }
 ```

-For legacy reasons, your function will receive old-style JSON Wire Protocol desired and required
-caps as the first two arguments. Given that the old protocol isn't supported anymore and clients
-have all been updated, you can instead only rely on the `w3cCaps` parameter. (For a discussion
-about what `otherDriverData` is about, see the section below on concurrent drivers).
-
 You'll want to make sure to call `super.createSession` in order to get the session ID as well as
 the processed capabilities (note that capabilities are also set on `this.caps`; modifying `caps`
 locally here would have no effect other than changing what the user sees in the create session
@@ -520,14 +515,13 @@ route, then the route will not be proxied and instead will be handled by your dr
 example, we are avoiding proxying all `POST` routes that have the `appium` prefix.

 Next, we have to set up the proxying itself. The way to do this is to use a special class from
-Appium called `JWProxy`. (The name means "JSON Wire Proxy" and is related to a legacy
-implementation of the protocol). You'll want to create a `JWProxy` object using the details required to
-connect to the remote server:
+Appium called `WebDriverProxy`. You'll want to create a `WebDriverProxy` object using the details
+required to connect to the remote server:

 ```js
-// import {JWProxy} from 'appium/driver';
+// import {WebDriverProxy} from 'appium/driver';

-const proxy = new JWProxy({
+const proxy = new WebDriverProxy({
    server: 'remote.server',
    port: 1234,
    base: '/',
@@ -539,8 +533,8 @@ this.proxyCommand = proxy.command.bind(proxy);

 Here we are creating a proxy object and assigning some of its methods to `this` under the names
 `proxyReqRes` and `proxyCommand`. This is required for Appium to use the proxy, so don't forget
-this step! The `JWProxy` has a variety of other options which you can check out in the source code,
-as well. (TODO: publish options as API docs and link here).
+this step! The `WebDriverProxy` has a variety of other options [which you can check out in the
+source code as well.](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/packages/base-driver/lib/wd-proxy/proxy.ts)

 Finally, we need a way to tell Appium when the proxy is active. For your driver it might always
 be active, or it might only be active when in a certain context. You can define the logic as an
@@ -720,6 +714,12 @@ A couple notes about this system:
   mode!
 1. The `executeMethod` helper will reject with an error if a script name doesn't match one of the
   script names defined as a command in `executeMethodMap`, or if there are missing parameters.
+1. If your driver is written in TypeScript, declare the map `as const satisfies
+   ExecuteMethodMap<MyDriver>` (with `ExecuteMethodMap` imported from `@appium/types`). The
+   compiler then checks that each `command` names a method of your driver, and that the
+   `required`/`optional` params are consistent with that method's signature: the method must not
+   require a parameter which is listed as `optional` (or not listed at all), and must accept all
+   of the listed parameters.

 One of the nice things about the Execute Method strategy is that methods implemented in this way
 will be available via the classic or BiDi interfaces (since they will result in the same Appium
@@ -794,44 +794,32 @@ that multiple simultaneous sessions don't use the same resources:

 1. Have your users specify resource IDs via capabilities (`appium:driverPort` etc)
 1. Just always use free resources (find a new random port for each session)
-1. Have each driver express what resources it is using, then examine currently-used resources from
-   other drivers when a new session begins.
+1. Have each running instance of your driver publish and subscribe to messages on a shared IPC
+   channel, so sessions can coordinate directly with one another.

-To support this third strategy, you can implement `get driverData` in your driver to return what
-sorts of resources your driver is currently using, for example:
-
-```js
-get driverData() {
-  return {specialPort: 1234, specialFile: /path/to/file}
-}
-```
-
-Now, when a new session is started on your driver, the `driverData` response from any other
-simultaneously running drivers (of the same type) will also be included, as the last parameter of
-the `createSession` method:
-
-```js
-async createSession(jwpCaps, reqCaps, w3cCaps, driverData)
-```
-
-You can dig into this `driverData` array to see what resources other drivers are using to help
-determine which ones you want to use for this particular session.
+The per-session IPC channel described in [Send messages to plugins running on the same
+session](#send-messages-to-plugins-running-on-the-same-session) is isolated per session, so it
+can't be used for this: it doesn't let you talk to *other* sessions of your driver. Instead,
+construct and hold on to your own `AppiumIpc` instance (exported from `appium/driver.js`) at
+module scope in your driver's package, for example as a memoized singleton. Since Node.js caches
+modules, every instance of your driver loaded within the same Appium server process will share
+that one `AppiumIpc` object, and can use it to publish and subscribe to topics across sessions —
+the same way the per-session channel works, just not scoped to a single session. See
+[xcuitest-driver's `session-claim-handler.ts`](https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver/blob/master/lib/session-claim-handler.ts)
+for a real example, which uses this technique to detect and resolve conflicting sessions targeting
+the same device UDID.

 !!! warning

-    Be careful here, since `driverData` is only passed between sessions of a single running Appium
-    server. There's nothing to stop a user from running multiple Appium servers and requesting your
-    driver simultaneously on each of them. In this case, you won't be able to ensure independence
-    of resources via `driverData`, so you might consider using file-based locking mechanisms or
-    something similar.
+    This only works for sessions running within the same Node.js process (i.e. the same Appium
+    server). It cannot coordinate sessions running on different Appium server processes; for that,
+    consider file-based locking or a similar out-of-process mechanism.

 !!! warning

-    It's also important to note you will only receive `driverData` for other instances of *your*
-    driver. So unrelated drivers also running may still be using some system resources. In general
-    Appium doesn't provide any features for ensuring unrelated drivers don't interfere with one
-    another, so it's up to the drivers to allow users to specify resource locations or addresses to
-    avoid clashes.
+    Appium also doesn't provide any features for ensuring unrelated drivers don't interfere with
+    one another, so it's up to the drivers to allow users to specify resource locations or
+    addresses to avoid clashes.

 ### Log events to the Appium event timeline

@@ -979,10 +967,15 @@ export type IpcMessage<T> = {
 #### IPC Notes

 There are some important things to keep in mind when using Appium's IPC feature:
- IPC is only available once `onIpcInit` has been called, at the end of the `createSession` flow.
-  It cannot be used statically or in `createSession` hooks
- In sum, IPC is only for use during a session (this is also to prevent drivers/plugins from
-  accessing or reading data sent on IPC channels in other sessions.)
+- The `ipcSubscribe` method (and the IPC channel it subscribes to) is only available once
+  `onIpcInit` has been called, at the end of the `createSession` flow. It cannot be used statically
+  or in `createSession` hooks
+- The channel that `ipcSubscribe` gives you access to is scoped to the current session, and is
+  shared only with the plugins active in that same session (this is also to prevent drivers/plugins
+  from accessing or reading data sent on IPC channels in other sessions.) To coordinate across
+  multiple concurrent sessions of your own driver instead, see [Make itself aware of resources
+  other concurrent drivers are
+  using](#make-itself-aware-of-resources-other-concurrent-drivers-are-using).
 - The default max size of an IPC message is 1MB. This can be configured by the server-admin by
  using the `--max-ipc-data-size` arg (value is a number in bytes).
 - If a message exceeds the configured size, any call to `publish` methods will throw, so be
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ throw new errors.NoSuchElementError();
 ### Log messages to the Appium log

 You can always use `console.log`, of course, but Appium provides a nice logger for you as
-`this.logger` (it has `.info`, `.debug`, `.log`, `.warn`, `.error` methods on it for differing log
+`this.log` (it has `.info`, `.debug`, `.warn`, `.error` methods on it for differing log
 levels). If you want to create an Appium logger outside of a plugin context (say in a script or
 helper file), you can always construct your own too:

@@ -477,9 +477,9 @@ capability.
 You probably don't normally need to update the Appium server object (which is an
 [Express](https://expressjs.com/) server having already been
 [configured](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/packages/base-driver/lib/express/server.js)
-in a variety of ways). But, for example, you could add new Express middleware to the server to
-support your plugin's requirements. To update the server you must implement the `static async
-updateServer` method in your class. This method takes three parameters:
+in a variety of ways). But, for example, you could add new routes to the server to support your
+plugin's requirements. To update the server you must implement the `static async updateServer`
+method in your class. This method takes three parameters:

 * `expressApp`: the Express app object
 * `httpServer`: the Node HTTP server object
@@ -492,6 +492,25 @@ results you'll need to test! Warning: this should be considered an advanced feat
 knowledge of Express, as well as the care not to do anything that could affect the operation of
 other parts of the Appium server!

+`updateServer` runs *after* Appium's own routes are registered, so `expressApp.use(...)` here
+won't see requests to paths Appium already owns — Express matches middleware and routes in
+registration order. For middleware that must see requests to those routes too (e.g. logging or
+auth), use `httpServer.frontRouter` instead: Appium mounts this
+[Router](https://expressjs.com/en/5x/api/router/) before any route is registered, so anything
+attached to it — even from inside `updateServer` — still runs ahead of route matching. Note this
+is still *after* Appium's own baseline middleware (CORS, WebSocket upgrade handling, body
+parsing, etc.), so it won't see requests Appium itself has already rejected, e.g. a CORS
+preflight failure or a body that failed to parse:
+
+```js
+static async updateServer(expressApp, httpServer, cliArgs) {
+  httpServer.frontRouter.use((req, res, next) => {
+    console.log(`Incoming request: ${req.method} ${req.url}`);
+    next();
+  });
+}
+```
+
 ### Handle unexpected session shutdown

 When developing a plugin you may want to add some cleanup logic for when a session ends. You would
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ appium driver install --source=npm appium-flutter-integration-driver
 appium driver install --source=npm appium-lg-webos-driver
 ```

-### [Linux](https://github.com/fantonglang/appium-linux-driver)
+### [Linux (@fantonglang)](https://github.com/fantonglang/appium-linux-driver)

 !!! warning

@@ -143,6 +143,16 @@ yarn install
 node ./
 ```

+### [Linux (@Itsmeaj)](https://github.com/Itsmeaj/appium)
+
+* Target: Linux desktop applications on X11 and Wayland
+* Mode: Native
+* Supported by: `@Itsmeaj`
+
+```sh title="Install This Driver"
+appium driver install --source=npm @itsmeaj/appium-linux-driver
+```
+
 ### [NovaWindows](https://github.com/AutomateThePlanet/appium-novawindows-driver)

 !!! info
@@ -6,14 +6,12 @@ title: Retrieving Event Timings
 ---

 Appium comes with the ability to retrieve timing information about startup
-information and command length. This is an advanced feature that is controlled
-by the use of the `appium:eventTimings` capability (set it to `true` to log event
-timings).
+information and command length. This is an advanced feature; event and
+command timings are collected automatically for the duration of a session.

-With this capability turned on, the `POST /session/:id/appium/events` response (i.e., 
-the response to `driver.logs.events` or similar, depending on client) will be 
-decorated with an `events` property. This is the structure of that `events`
-property:
+The `POST /session/:id/appium/events` response (i.e., the response to
+`driver.logs.events` or similar, depending on client) has the following
+structure:

 ```
 {
@@ -117,62 +117,3 @@ hub, you'll be able to send all your Appium traffic via the single hub endpoint

 And of course, you're able to link up Appium servers and nodes running on different machines in
 your network to form a larger grid.
-
-## Using Selenium Grid 3
-
-It is possible to register your Appium server with a local [Selenium Grid 3](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/selenium_3/grid_3/)
-([setup docs](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/)) instance by using the
-`--nodeconfig` server argument.
-
-```bash
-appium server --nodeconfig /path/to/nodeconfig.json --base-path=/wd/hub
-```
-
-In the referenced config file you have to define the `browserName`, `version` and `platform`
-capabilities and based on these parameters the grid will re-direct your test to the right device.
-You will also need to configure your host details and the Selenium Grid details. For a full list of
-all parameters and descriptions see
-[here](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/selenium_3/grid_setup/).
-
-Once you start the Appium server it will register with the grid, and you will see your device on
-the grid console page:
-
-`http://**\<grid-ip-adress\>**:**\<grid-port\>**/grid/console`
-
-### Example Grid Node Configuration JSON
-
-```json
-{
-  "capabilities":
-      [
-        {
-          "browserName": "<e.g._iPhone5_or_iPad4>",
-          "version":"<version_of_iOS_e.g._7.1>",
-          "maxInstances": 1,
-          "platform":"<platform_e.g._MAC_or_ANDROID>"
-        }
-      ],
-  "configuration":
-  {
-    "cleanUpCycle":2000,
-    "timeout":30000,
-    "proxy": "org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.DefaultRemoteProxy",
-    "url":"http://<host_name_appium_server_or_ip-address_appium_server>:<appium_port>/wd/hub",
-    "host": "<host_name_appium_server_or_ip-address_appium_server>",
-    "port": <appium_port>,
-    "maxSession": 1,
-    "register": true,
-    "registerCycle": 5000,
-    "hubPort": <grid_port>,
-    "hubHost": "<Grid_host_name_or_grid_ip-address>",
-    "hubProtocol": "<Protocol_of_Grid_defaults_to_http>"
-  }
-}
-```
-
-If `url`, `host`, and `port` are not given, the config will be auto updated to point to
-`localhost:<appium-port>`.
-
-If your Appium server is running on a different machine to your Selenium Grid server, make sure you
-use an external name/IP address in your `host` and `url` configuration; `localhost` and `127.0.0.1`
-will prevent Selenium Grid from connecting correctly.
@@ -31,10 +31,6 @@ installing it only installs the core Appium server, without any drivers.

 When it comes to installing Appium 2 drivers, there are several approaches you can take:

-* Add the `--drivers` flag when installing Appium, for example:
-```bash
-npm i -g appium --drivers=xcuitest,uiautomator2
-```
 * Use the [Appium Extension CLI](../reference/cli/extensions.md), for example:
 ```bash
 appium driver install uiautomator2
@@ -85,3 +85,118 @@ Turn on multiple insecure features for specific drivers:
 ```bash
 appium --allow-insecure=uiautomator2:adb_shell,xcuitest:get_server_logs
 ```
+
+## Restricting Remote App URLs
+
+Several drivers accept a URL instead of a local path in capabilities such as `appium:app`, in which
+case the Appium server downloads the application package from that URL before starting the session.
+By default, any `http:` or `https:` URL is accepted. Server hosts who want to control which URLs
+their server is allowed to download from can do so with the `--app-url-rules` argument (or the
+`server.app-url-rules` property in a [configuration file](./config.md)). Its value is a JSON object
+(or a path to a JSON file) with any of the following properties:
+
+|<div style="width:10em">Rule</div>|Description|Default|
+|----------------------------------|-----------|-------|
+|`allow`|List of hostname patterns, IP addresses, or CIDR subnets. If non-empty, a hostname or its resolved address must match _at least one_|`[]`|
+|`deny`|List of hostname patterns, IP addresses, or CIDR subnets. A matching hostname or resolved address is rejected, even if an `allow` rule also matches|`[]`|
+|`httpsOnly`|Only accept `https:` URLs|`false`|
+|`allowCredentials`|Accept URLs containing a username and/or password (e.g. `https://user:pass@host/app.apk`)|`true`|
+|`maxRedirects`|Maximum number of HTTP redirects to follow while downloading. Set to `0` to reject any redirect|`21`|
+
+Hostnames are normalized (lowercased, converted to Punycode, trailing dot removed) before matching
+and resolved on every download. Address rules apply to literal addresses and all dynamically
+resolved IPv4/IPv6 addresses. The rules are also applied to every redirect, so redirects cannot be
+used to escape them. If a URL violates any rule, the session is not created and a generic error
+is returned. The violated rule is deliberately neither reported to the client nor written to the
+server log, since server logs are often handed over to clients as well. URL schemes, ports, paths,
+queries, and fragments are not matched.
+
+Hostname patterns use the [picomatch](https://github.com/micromatch/picomatch#globbing-features)
+glob syntax and are matched against the whole hostname:
+
+|Pattern|Matches|
+|-------|-------|
+|`artifacts.example.com`|Exactly this hostname|
+|`*.example.com`|Any subdomain of `example.com` (including nested ones, like `a.b.example.com`), but not `example.com` itself|
+|`*example.com`|Any hostname ending with `example.com`, including `example.com` itself|
+|`apps.{staging,prod}.example.com`|`apps.staging.example.com` and `apps.prod.example.com`|
+|`build-?.example.com`|`build-1.example.com`, `build-a.example.com`, etc.|
+|`node[0-9].example.com`|`node0.example.com` to `node9.example.com`|
+
+IP address rules match a single address (`192.0.2.10`, `2001:db8::1`) or a whole subnet in CIDR
+notation (`10.0.0.0/8`, `2001:db8::/32`). IPv4 rules also match IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses
+(e.g. `::ffff:10.1.2.3`).
+
+!!! note
+
+    These rules only apply to URLs the server downloads via the standard app configuration helper,
+    which is used for `appium:app` and similar capabilities by all official drivers. Drivers may
+    define custom capabilities with URLs that are processed differently and thus are not covered.
+
+!!! note
+
+    If the server downloads applications through an HTTP proxy (configured via the `HTTP_PROXY`,
+    `HTTPS_PROXY` and `NO_PROXY` environment variables), the proxy resolves the destination host
+    itself, so rules containing IP addresses or subnets cannot be enforced for proxied downloads.
+    Such downloads are rejected; either exclude the download hosts from proxying via `NO_PROXY`
+    or only use hostname-based rules.
+
+### Examples
+
+Only allow HTTPS downloads from an internal artifact server, without credentials in the URL and
+without following redirects:
+
+```bash
+appium --app-url-rules='{"allow": ["artifacts.example.com", "10.0.0.0/8"], "httpsOnly": true, "allowCredentials": false, "maxRedirects": 0}'
+```
+
+The same configuration as part of a config file:
+
+```yaml
+server:
+  app-url-rules:
+    allow:
+      - 'artifacts.example.com'
+      - '10.0.0.0/8'
+    httpsOnly: true
+    allowCredentials: false
+    maxRedirects: 0
+```
+
+Allow downloads from any subdomain of `example.com` and from two IPv6 subnets, except from the
+staging environment:
+
+```yaml
+server:
+  app-url-rules:
+    allow:
+      - '*.example.com'
+      - '2001:db8:1::/48'
+      - '2001:db8:2::/48'
+    deny:
+      - '*.staging.example.com'
+```
+
+Allow downloads from anywhere, except from the server itself, private networks, link-local
+addresses (such as cloud metadata services), and any `.internal` hostname:
+
+```yaml
+server:
+  app-url-rules:
+    deny:
+      - 'localhost'
+      - '*.internal'
+      - '127.0.0.0/8'
+      - '10.0.0.0/8'
+      - '172.16.0.0/12'
+      - '192.168.0.0/16'
+      - '169.254.0.0/16'
+      - '::1/128'
+      - 'fc00::/7'
+      - 'fe80::/10'
+```
+
+The rules in the last example are applied to the addresses each hostname resolves to, so they
+cannot be bypassed via DNS. Note that the `deny` list also blocks any download from the server's
+own private network, so a private artifact server must be excluded from the `deny` rules in order
+to work.
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 hide:
  - toc

-title: SSL/TLS/SPDY Support
+title: SSL/TLS Support
 ---

 Appium 2.2 introduces the option to start the Appium server with SSL/TLS support. 
@@ -19,15 +19,14 @@ Both arguments must be provided and should contain paths to a valid
 [X509 PEM](https://www.ssl.com/guide/pem-der-crt-and-cer-x-509-encodings-and-conversions/)
 certificate and its corresponding private key.

-After the server is started use the `https` protocol and a client supporting SSL/TLS or
-[SPDY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPDY) to communicate to it.
+After the server is started use the `https` protocol and a client supporting SSL/TLS to
+communicate to it.

 ### Supported Features

-Once a secure server socket is established it supports the following protocols:
-`['h2', 'spdy/3.1', 'spdy/3', 'spdy/2', 'http/1.1', 'http/1.0']`. See
-[the SPDY node module documentation](https://www.npmjs.com/package/spdy) to get more details about
-its features. All insecure client connections will be rejected by the server.
+Once a secure server socket is established it uses Node.js' native
+[`https`](https://nodejs.org/api/https.html) module to serve connections. All insecure client
+connections will be rejected by the server.

 ### Self-Signed Certificates

@@ -39,6 +39,16 @@ So, for example, the `Find Element` command corresponds to an HTTP `POST` reques
 endpoint `/session/:sessionid/element` (where in this case, `:sessionid` is a placeholder for the
 unique session ID generated by the server in a previous call to `Create Session`).

+If the client disconnects before Appium finishes sending a `Create Session` response and the
+request has no `X-Idempotency-Key`, Appium deletes the new session once driver setup completes.
+Setup is not interrupted. With an accepted idempotency key, a retry that arrives before setup
+finishes waits for the same session ID, or the same error if setup failed. If the original client
+and all waiting retries disconnect before setup finishes, Appium deletes the new session and
+discards its cached result; a later retry starts a new session. Otherwise, Appium keeps the session
+and caches its response for replay while it remains in the bounded, in-memory idempotency cache.
+Disconnecting after a response was sent, or during a command in an existing session, does not
+automatically end that session. Use `Delete Session` when you are done.
+
 This information is primarily useful for people developing technology that works with the WebDriver
 spec. It's not particularly useful for people trying to write Appium or Selenium tests. When you
 write an Appium test, you want to use a programming language you're familiar with. Luckily, there
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Appium, called `BaseDriver`. You could have something very close to a "working"
 very simple lines of code:

 ```js
-import BaseDriver from '@appium/base-driver'
+import {BaseDriver} from '@appium/base-driver'

 class MyNewDriver extends BaseDriver {
 }
@@ -106,6 +106,48 @@ Retrieves the [execute methods](../../guides/execute-methods.md) supported in th
 origin (driver-specific or plugin-specific). Refer to [the type definition file](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/packages/types/lib/command.ts)
 for a detailed structure of this object.

+### getCurrentAppiumContext
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/context
+```
+
+Retrieves the active application context.
+
+#### Response
+
+`string` - the name of the active context
+
+### setAppiumContext
+
+```
+POST /session/:sessionId/appium/context
+```
+
+Sets an application context as the active context.
+
+#### Parameters
+
+|Name|Description|Type|
+|--|--|--|
+|`name`|Name of the context to set as the active one|string|
+
+#### Response
+
+`null`
+
+### getAppiumContexts
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/contexts
+```
+
+Retrieves all available application contexts.
+
+#### Response
+
+`string[]` - the names of available contexts
+
 ### getLogEvents

 ```
@@ -392,3 +434,71 @@ Retrieves data from a directory on the device under test.
 #### Response

 `string` - the Base64-encoded zip file of the directory contents
+
+### getAppiumRotation
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/device/rotation
+```
+
+Retrieves the current spatial orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Response
+
+`Rotation` - an object with the following properties:
+
+|Name|Description|Type|
+|--|--|--|
+|`x`|Degrees by which the device is rotated on its X axis|number|
+|`y`|Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Y axis|number|
+|`z`|Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Z axis|number|
+
+### setAppiumRotation
+
+```
+POST /session/:sessionId/appium/device/rotation
+```
+
+Sets the spatial orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Parameters
+
+|Name|Description|Type|
+|--|--|--|
+|`x`|Degrees by which the device is rotated on its X axis|number|
+|`y`|Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Y axis|number|
+|`z`|Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Z axis|number|
+
+#### Response
+
+`null`
+
+### getAppiumOrientation
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/device/orientation
+```
+
+Retrieves the current orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Response
+
+`string` - either `PORTRAIT` or `LANDSCAPE`
+
+### setAppiumOrientation
+
+```
+POST /session/:sessionId/appium/device/orientation
+```
+
+Sets the orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Parameters
+
+|Name|Description|Type|
+|--|--|--|
+|`orientation`|New device orientation. Supported values are `PORTRAIT` or `LANDSCAPE`.|string|
+
+#### Response
+
+`null`
@@ -10,125 +10,6 @@ title: JSON Wire Protocol
 The following is a list of legacy [JSON Wire Protocol (JSONWP)](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/)
 endpoints supported in Appium.

-### getSession
-
-```
-GET /session/:sessionId
-```
-
-> JSONWP documentation: [/session/:sessionId](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/#sessionsessionid)
-
-Retrieves the capabilities of the current session.
-
-Appium implements a modified version of this endpoint. If the `appium:eventTimings` capability is
-set to `true`, the returned result will additionally include the `events` key, whose value contains
-the event history and timings.
-
-!!! warning "Deprecated"
-
-    For retrieving capabilities, please use [`getAppiumSessionCapabilities`](./appium.md#getappiumsessioncapabilities).<br />
-    For retrieving event history, please use [`getLogEvents`](./appium.md#getlogevents).
-
-#### Response
-
-`Capabilities` - an object containing the session capabilities, and the event history (if applicable)
-
-### availableIMEEngines
-
-```
-GET /session/:sessionId/ime/available_engines
-```
-
-> JSONWP documentation: [/session/:sessionId/ime/available_engines](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/#sessionsessionidimeavailable_engines)
-
-Retrieves all IME (input method editor) engines available on the device under test.
-
-!!! warning "Deprecated"
-
-    In the future, this endpoint will be moved to the [UiAutomator2 and Espresso drivers](../../ecosystem/drivers.md)
-
-#### Response
-
-`string[]` - a list of available IME engines
-
-### getActiveIMEEngine
-
-```
-GET /session/:sessionId/ime/active_engine
-```
-
-> JSONWP documentation: [/session/:sessionId/ime/active_engine](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/#sessionsessionidimeactive_engine)
-
-Retrieves the name of the active IME engine.
-
-!!! warning "Deprecated"
-
-    In the future, this endpoint will be moved to the UiAutomator2 and Espresso drivers
-
-#### Response
-
-`string` - the name of the active IME engine
-
-### isIMEActivated
-
-```
-GET /session/:sessionId/ime/activated
-```
-
-> JSONWP documentation: [/session/:sessionId/ime/activated](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/#sessionsessionidimeactivated)
-
-Determines if IME input is available and active.
-
-!!! warning "Deprecated"
-
-    In the future, this endpoint will be moved to the UiAutomator2 and Espresso drivers
-
-#### Response
-
-`boolean` - `true` if IME is active, otherwise `false`
-
-### deactivateIMEEngine
-
-```
-POST /session/:sessionId/ime/deactivate
-```
-
-> JSONWP documentation: [/session/:sessionId/ime/deactivate](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/#sessionsessionidimedeactivate)
-
-Deactivates the currently active IME engine.
-
-!!! warning "Deprecated"
-
-    In the future, this endpoint will be moved to the UiAutomator2 and Espresso drivers
-
-#### Response
-
-`null`
-
-### activateIMEEngine
-
-```
-POST /session/:sessionId/ime/activate
-```
-
-> JSONWP documentation: [/session/:sessionId/ime/activate](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/#sessionsessionidimeactivate)
-
-Activates an IME engine.
-
-!!! warning "Deprecated"
-
-    In the future, this endpoint will be moved to the UiAutomator2 and Espresso drivers
-
-#### Parameters
-
-|Name|Description|Type|
-|--|--|--|
-|`engine`|Name of the IME engine to activate|string|
-
-#### Response
-
-`null`
-
 ### getOrientation

 ```
@@ -139,6 +20,10 @@ GET /session/:sessionId/orientation

 Retrieves the current orientation of the device under test.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`getAppiumOrientation`](./appium.md#getappiumorientation) instead
+
 #### Response

 `string` - either `PORTRAIT` or `LANDSCAPE`
@@ -153,6 +38,10 @@ POST /session/:sessionId/orientation

 Sets the orientation of the device under test.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`setAppiumOrientation`](./appium.md#setappiumorientation) instead
+
 #### Parameters

 |Name|Description|Type|
@@ -162,53 +51,3 @@ Sets the orientation of the device under test.
 #### Response

 `null`
-
-### getGeoLocation
-
-```
-GET /session/:sessionId/location
-```
-
-> JSONWP documentation: [/session/:sessionId/location](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/#sessionsessionidlocation)
-
-Retrieves the current location of the device under test.
-
-!!! warning "Deprecated"
-
-    Please use driver-specific extension methods such as `mobile: getGeoLocation` or
-    `mobile: getSimulatedLocation`
-
-#### Response
-
-`Location` - an object with the following properties:
-
-|Name|Description|Type|
-|--|--|--|
-|`altitude`|Altitude of the device location|number|
-|`latitude`|Latitude of the device location|number|
-|`longitude`|Longitude of the device location|number|
-
-### setGeoLocation
-
-```
-POST /session/:sessionId/location
-```
-
-> JSONWP documentation: [/session/:sessionId/location](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/#sessionsessionidlocation)
-
-Sets the current location of the device under test.
-
-!!! warning "Deprecated"
-
-    Please use driver-specific extension methods such as `mobile: setGeoLocation` or
-    `mobile: setSimulatedLocation`
-
-#### Parameters
-
-|Name|Description|Type|
-|--|--|--|
-|`location`|New device latitude, longitude and altitude|[`Location`](#response_6)|
-
-#### Response
-
-`null`
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ GET /session/:sessionId/rotation

 Retrieves the current spatial orientation of the device under test.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`getAppiumRotation`](./appium.md#getappiumrotation) instead
+
 #### Response

 `Rotation` - an object with the following properties:
@@ -40,6 +44,10 @@ POST /session/:sessionId/rotation

 Sets the spatial orientation of the device under test.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`setAppiumRotation`](./appium.md#setappiumrotation) instead
+
 #### Parameters

 |Name|Description|Type|
@@ -62,6 +70,10 @@ GET /session/:sessionId/context

 Retrieves the active application context.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`getCurrentAppiumContext`](./appium.md#getcurrentappiumcontext) instead
+
 #### Response

 `string` - the name of the active context
@@ -76,6 +88,10 @@ POST /session/:sessionId/context

 Sets an application context as the active context.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`setAppiumContext`](./appium.md#setappiumcontext) instead
+
 #### Parameters

 |Name|Description|Type|
@@ -96,56 +112,10 @@ GET /session/:sessionId/contexts

 Retrieves all available application contexts.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`getAppiumContexts`](./appium.md#getappiumcontexts) instead
+
 #### Response

 `string[]` - the names of available contexts
-
-### getNetworkConnection
-
-```
-GET /session/:sessionId/network_connection
-```
-
-> MJSONWP documentation: [Device Modes](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/mobile-spec/blob/master/spec-draft.md#device-modes)
-
-Retrieves the current state of network types (data, Wi-Fi, airplane mode).
-
-!!! warning "Deprecated"
-
-    Please use driver-specific extension methods such as `mobile: getConnectivity`
-
-#### Response
-
-`NetworkConnectionState` - a number indicating the current network state:
-
-|Value|Data|Wi-Fi|Airplane Mode|
-|--|--|--|--|
-|`0`|OFF|OFF|OFF|
-|`1`|OFF|OFF|ON|
-|`2`|OFF|ON|OFF|
-|`4`|ON|OFF|OFF|
-|`6`|ON|ON|OFF|
-
-### setNetworkConnection
-
-```
-POST /session/:sessionId/network_connection
-```
-
-> MJSONWP documentation: [Device Modes](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/mobile-spec/blob/master/spec-draft.md#device-modes)
-
-Sets the state of network types (data, Wi-Fi, airplane mode).
-
-!!! warning "Deprecated"
-
-    Please use driver-specific extension methods such as `mobile: setConnectivity`
-
-#### Parameters
-
-|<div style="width:6em">Name</div>|Description|<div style="width:18em">Type</div>|
-|--|--|--|
-|`parameters`|Object containing the `type` key, whose value is the desired network state|`{"type": `[`NetworkConnectionState`](#response_5)`}`|
-
-#### Response
-
-[`NetworkConnectionState`](#response_5) - the new network state
@@ -169,10 +169,17 @@ Modifies the [`createSession`](./webdriver.md#createsession) endpoint:
    All endpoints for this plugin can be invoked without creating a session, allowing you to prepare
    your test environment in advance.

+!!! info
+
+    Prior to plugin version 1.2.0, all endpoints below were mounted under the `/storage` prefix
+    (e.g. `/storage/add`) instead of `/appium/storage`. The `/storage`-prefixed routes are still
+    available for backward compatibility, but are deprecated and will be removed in a future
+    version of the plugin.
+
 ### addStorageItem

 ```
-POST /storage/add
+POST /appium/storage/add
 ```

 Adds a new file to the storage.
@@ -198,8 +205,8 @@ Example:
 ```json
 {
  "ws": {
-    "stream": "/storage/add/ccc963411b2621335657963322890305ebe96186/stream",
-    "events": "/storage/add/ccc963411b2621335657963322890305ebe96186/events"
+    "stream": "/appium/storage/add/ccc963411b2621335657963322890305ebe96186/stream",
+    "events": "/appium/storage/add/ccc963411b2621335657963322890305ebe96186/events"
  },
  "ttlMs": 300000
 }
@@ -208,7 +215,7 @@ Example:
 ### deleteStorageItem

 ```
-POST /storage/delete
+POST /appium/storage/delete
 ```

 Deletes a file in the storage.
@@ -222,12 +229,12 @@ Deletes a file in the storage.
 #### Response

 `boolean` - `true` upon successful file deletion, or `false` if the file does not exist in
-the storage 
+the storage, or if the delete request is invalid.

 ### listStorageItems

 ```
-GET /storage/list
+GET /appium/storage/list
 ```

 List all files present in the storage.
@@ -245,7 +252,7 @@ List all files present in the storage.
 ### resetStorage

 ```
-POST /storage/reset
+POST /appium/storage/reset
 ```

 Deletes all uploaded files and stops any incomplete uploads.
@@ -25,18 +25,11 @@ POST /session

 Creates a new WebDriver session.

-Appium implements a modified version of this endpoint for historical reasons. While the W3C
-endpoint only accepts 1 parameter, Appium's implementation allows up to 3 parameters, as this was
-required by the legacy JSON Wire Protocol (JSONWP). Since Appium 2, the JSONWP format is no longer
-supported, and any of the 3 parameters can be used to specify the W3C capabilities.
-
 #### Parameters

 |Name|Description|Type|
 |--|--|--|
-|`w3cCapabilities1?`|Capabilities of the new session|`W3CDriverCaps`|
-|`w3cCapabilities2?`|Another location for the new session capabilities (legacy)|`W3CDriverCaps`|
-|`w3cCapabilities?`|Another location for the new session capabilities (legacy)|`W3CDriverCaps`|
+|`capabilities?`|Capabilities of the new session|`W3CDriverCaps`|

 #### Response

@@ -91,14 +84,19 @@ GET /session/:sessionId/timeouts

 Retrieves the timeout values of the current session.

+Appium implements a modified version of this endpoint, by also returning the value of the `command`
+timeout for supported drivers and contexts.
+
 #### Response

 `GetTimeoutsResult` - an object with the following properties:

 |Name|Description|Type|
 |--|--|--|
-|`command`|Command timeout|number|
+|`script`|Script timeout|number|
+|`pageLoad`|Page load timeout|number|
 |`implicit`|Implicit wait timeout|number|
+|`command`|Appium command timeout|number|

 ### timeouts

@@ -110,13 +108,17 @@ POST /session/:sessionId/timeouts

 Sets the timeout values of the current session.

+Appium implements a modified version of this endpoint by adding the optional `command` parameter
+for supported drivers and contexts.
+
 #### Parameters

 |Name|Description|Type|
 |--|--|--|
+|`script?`|Script timeout (in milliseconds)|number|
 |`implicit?`|Implicit wait timeout (in milliseconds)|number|
 |`pageLoad?`|Page load timeout (in milliseconds)|number|
-|`script?`|Script timeout (in milliseconds)|number|
+|`command?`|Appium command timeout (in milliseconds)|number|

 #### Response

@@ -158,13 +158,13 @@ extensions include scripts.
 #### Usage

 ```
-appium {driver|plugin} run <extension-name> <script-name> [script-args]
+appium {driver|plugin} run <extension-name> [<script-name> [<script-args>]]
 ```

 |Argument|Description|
 |--|--|
 |`extension-name`|The short name of the installed extension|
-|`script-name`|The name of the script to be run|
+|`script-name`|The name of the script to run. If not provided, a list of available scripts is returned.|
 |`script-args`|Any additional arguments passed to the script|

 #### Options
@@ -181,6 +181,12 @@ appium {driver|plugin} run <extension-name> <script-name> [script-args]
    appium driver run uiautomator2 reset
    ```

+- List all available scripts included in the XCUITest driver:
+
+    ```
+    appium driver run xcuitest
+    ```
+
 ## `update`

 Updates one or more extensions. Only supported for extensions installed via `npm`. By default,
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ they can only be enabled using the wildcard (`*`) prefix:
 | Feature Name      | Description                                                                   |
 |-------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 |`session_discovery`|Allows retrieving the list of active server sessions via `GET /appium/sessions`|
+|`cors`             |Allows web browser connections to the server from any host                    |


 Of course, Appium drivers and plugins are free to define additional insecure features of their own.
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ appium
 |<div style="width:15em">Argument</div>|Description|Type|<div style="width:7em">Default</div>|
 |--|--|--|--|
 |`--address`, `-a`|IPv4/IPv6 address to listen on|string|`0.0.0.0`|
-|`--allow-cors`|Allow web browser connections from any host|boolean|`false`|
 |`--allow-insecure`|List of [insecure features](../../guides/security.md) that should be allowed in this server's sessions. Individual features can be overridden by `--deny-insecure`. Has no effect in combination with `--relaxed-security`.|array<string>|`[]`|
+|`--allow-unknown-args`|Do not exit if unrecognized command-line arguments are passed to the server; ignore them instead. Useful when the Appium CLI is wrapped by external tooling that appends extra flags.|boolean|`false`|
+|`--app-url-rules`|Rules that remote application URLs (e.g. in the `appium:app` capability) must satisfy before the server downloads them. See the [Restricting Remote App URLs](../../guides/security.md#restricting-remote-app-urls) guide for details. Can be a path to a JSON file or raw JSON.|object||
 |`--base-path`, `-pa`|Base path to use as the prefix for all webdriver routes running on the server|string|`""`|
 |`--callback-address`, `-ca`|Callback IP address|string|`0.0.0.0`|
 |`--callback-port`, `-cp`|Callback port|integer|`4723`|
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ appium
 |`--local-timezone`|Use local timezone for log timestamps|boolean|`false`|
 |`--log`, `-g`|Path to a file where the server logs should be output. This does not affect output on the console.|string||
 |`--log-filters`|List of log filtering rules. See the [log filtering guide](../../guides/log-filters.md) for details.|array||
-|`--log-level`|The log level for the server logs. Supported values are `debug`, `info`, `warn`, or `error`. Combining two supported values using a colon (e.g. `warn:debug`) allows to set separate log levels for the console and file outputs, respectively.|string|`debug`|
+|`--log-level`|The log level for the server logs. Supported values are `debug`, `info`, `warn`, or `error`. Combining two supported values using a colon (e.g. `warn:debug`) allows to set separate log levels for the console and file outputs, respectively.|string|`info`|
 |`--log-format`|The log format of the server logs. Supported values are `text`, `json`, or `pretty_json`. Setting the value to `json` disables colors.|string|`text`|
 |`--log-no-colors`|Disable colors in the server log|boolean|`false`|
 |`--log-timestamp`|Show timestamps in the server log|boolean|`false`|
@@ -51,7 +52,6 @@ appium
 |`--max-ipc-data-size`|Maximum byte size of IPC message objects.|integer|`1048576` (1MB)|
 |`--max-ipc-topics`|Maximum number of IPC topics per session.|integer|`1000`|
 |`--no-perms-check`|Skip various permission checks on the server startup|boolean|`false`|
-|`--nodeconfig`|JSON configuration for registering Appium as a node with Selenium Grid 3|object||
 |`--plugin`|Plugin-specific configuration. Keys should correspond to plugin package names|object||
 |`--plugins-import-chunk-size`|Maximum number of plugins that can be imported in parallel on server startup|number|`7`|
 |`--port`, `-p`|Port to listen on|integer|`4723`|
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ appium
 |`--tmp`|Absolute path to the directory used for temporary files|string|[`os.tmpdir()`](https://nodejs.org/api/os.html#ostmpdir)|
 |`--use-drivers`|List of drivers to activate. By default, all installed drivers are activated.|array<string>|`[]`|
 |`--use-plugins`|List of plugins to activate. By default, no plugins are activated. Set to `["all"]` to activate all installed plugins.|array<string>|`[]`|
-|`--webhook`, `-G`|URL for an HTTP listener where the server logs should be output. This does not affect output on the console.|string||
+|`--webhook`, `-G`|URL for an HTTP listener where the server logs should be output. This does not affect output on the console. A bare `host:port` is also accepted, which posts the logs to the root path over plain http; a value having neither a scheme nor a port falls back to `127.0.0.1:9003`.|string||

 ### Info Options

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ default value.
 | <div style="width:19em">Capability</div> | Description | Type | Default |
 |--|--|--|--|
 | `webSocketUrl` | Toggle support of the WebDriver BiDi protocol | `boolean` ||
-| `appium:eventTimings` (deprecated) | Toggle collection of [Event Timings](../../guides/event-timing.md). This capability is deprecated - please use the [`getLogEvents`](../api/appium.md#getlogevents) endpoint instead. | `boolean` ||
 | `appium:newCommandTimeout` | Number of seconds the Appium server should wait for clients to send commands before stopping the session. A value of `0` disables the timeout. | `number` | `60` |
 | `appium:printPageSourceOnFindFailure` | Toggle retrieval of the the page source and its printing to the Appium log, whenever a request to find an element fails | `boolean` ||

@@ -8,11 +8,6 @@ title: Additional Resources

 Here you can find links to additional Appium resources around the web:

-## Websites
-
- [Appium Pro](https://appiumpro.com) - a blog and newsletter written by one of Appium's
-maintainers, Jonathan Lipps, with lots of useful guides
-
 ## Online Courses

 - [Appium and Selenium Fundamentals](https://ui.headspin.io/university/learn/appium-selenium-fundamentals-2020) - a comprehensive video course on learning Python, Selenium, and Appium by Jonathan Lipps
@@ -26,3 +21,4 @@ maintainers, Jonathan Lipps, with lots of useful guides
 - [AppiumConf 2021](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9Z-JgiTsOYRCcJhDfmKAah9XmAp2b903)
 - [AppiumConf 2024](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9Z-JgiTsOYQaU5i5LJtAWlh5WVZPi3If)
 - [SeleniumConf & AppiumConf 2025](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRdSclUtJDYV2R92TLbmwxws6clruuTjH)
+- [SeleniumConf & AppiumConf 2026](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRdSclUtJDYVgVqdKnSyBLBmFdA0KE_Dk)
@@ -17,3 +17,8 @@ authors:
    avatar: 'https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4045041?v=4'
    slug: 'sai'
    url: 'https://saikrishna.tech'
+  mykola:
+    name: 'Mykola Mokhnach'
+    description: 'Appium Core Maintainer'
+    avatar: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7767781?v=4
+    slug: 'mykola'
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ date: 2025-11-25
 # Announcing LambdaTest as Appium's Newest Development Partner

 As part of our ongoing effort to recognize organizations that meaningfully support the Appium project through dedicated maintainer time, we are excited to welcome our newest Development Partner: LambdaTest!
-LambdaTest has long been an active participant in the automated testing ecosystem. Today, they are officially formalizing their commitment by investing people—dedicated engineers who will directly support Appium's development, maintenance, and ecosystem growth.
-This kind of hands-on contribution is crucial for ensuring Appium continues to evolve. We deeply value partners who empower their engineering teams to contribute code directly to open source rather than just sponsorship.

 <!-- more -->

+LambdaTest has long been an active participant in the automated testing ecosystem. Today, they are officially formalizing their commitment by investing people—dedicated engineers who will directly support Appium's development, maintenance, and ecosystem growth.
+
+This kind of hands-on contribution is crucial for ensuring Appium continues to evolve. We deeply value partners who empower their engineering teams to contribute code directly to open source rather than just sponsorship.
+
 <div style="text-align:center;width:100%"><a href="https://lambdatest.com/?utm_source=appium.io&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=june_25&utm_term=sk&utm_content=webpage">
    <img src="/docs/en/latest/assets/images/sponsor-logo-lambdatest-dark.png#only-dark" width="300" />
    <img src="/docs/en/latest/assets/images/sponsor-logo-lambdatest-light.png#only-light" width="300" />
@@ -20,15 +22,19 @@ This kind of hands-on contribution is crucial for ensuring Appium continues to e
 </div>

 LambdaTest engineers are already contributing actively across several key Appium repositories. Their current focus includes:
-**appium-mcp** – Supporting Appium's implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to drive forward modern AI-assisted capabilities.
-**appium-remote-xpc** – Contributing to the native macOS/XPC-based remote execution layer, essential for iOS automation.
-**appium-tun-tap** – Assisting in the development and maintenance of network virtualization and tunneling components for advanced testing scenarios.
+
+- [`appium-mcp`](https://github.com/appium/appium-mcp) – Supporting Appium's implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to drive forward modern AI-assisted capabilities.
+- [`appium-ios-remotexpc`](https://github.com/appium/appium-ios-remotexpc) – Contributing to the native macOS/XPC-based remote execution layer, essential for iOS automation.
+- [`appium-ios-tuntap`](https://github.com/appium/appium-ios-tuntap) – Assisting in the development and maintenance of network virtualization and tunneling components for advanced testing scenarios.

 These contributions strengthen critical infrastructure within the Appium ecosystem and demonstrate LambdaTest's commitment to deep technical involvement in the project's evolution.
-About LambdaTest
+
+**About LambdaTest**

 LambdaTest’s platform already serves a massive community of Appium users. As a GenAI-powered Quality Engineering Platform, they provide a full-stack testing cloud with 10,000+ real mobile devices and 3,000+ browsers.
+
 Beyond standard infrastructure, they are pushing the boundaries of test execution with AI-native test management and next-generation agents like KaneAI. By supporting Appium alongside Selenium, Playwright, and other major frameworks, LambdaTest helps teams orchestrate intelligent automation at cloud scale.

 LambdaTest will continue contributing people, code, and development expertise to strengthen Appium's core functionality. Their commitment represents a significant investment into the future of the framework, and we're thrilled to have them collaborating with us at this deeper level.
+
 The Appium project is proud to recognize LambdaTest as our newest official Development Partner. We can't wait to see what we'll build together!
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+authors:
+  - mykola
+date: 2026-09-01
+---
+
+# Announcing watchOS Simulator Support in the XCUITest Driver
+
+We’re excited to announce that the XCUITest driver now supports automation of watchOS apps — a
+platform that’s been on Appium’s requested list for a long time.
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+In order to automate watchOS, you'll need the following:
+
+- XCUITest driver version 12.6.0 or later (WebDriverAgent 16.5.0 or later)
+- Xcode 15.4 or later
+- watchOS 10 or later
+
+Important to note: ^^the driver currently only works with simulators — real devices are not
+compatible.^^
+
+The good news: automating a watchOS app looks just like automating any other iOS/iPadOS app. The
+standard use-cases of finding and clicking on elements, retrieving the page source, using the
+Appium Inspector — all work as usual. The one exception here is standard W3C gesture/touch actions
+(tap/swipe via the Actions API), which are not supported.
+
+On top of that, a few watchOS-specific extensions are available:
+
+- `mobile: pressButton` — press the Digital Crown or Action button
+- `mobile: rotateDigitalCrown` — rotate the Digital Crown (since driver version 12.7.0)
+- `mobile: performHandGesture` — perform double-tap or wrist flick hand gestures (since driver
+  version 12.7.0)
+
+For full setup instructions, capabilities, and limitations, check out the
+[watchOS guide](https://appium.github.io/appium-xcuitest-driver/latest/guides/watchos/).
+
+Happy testing!
@@ -222,17 +222,24 @@ So you'll probably end up overriding `createSession`. You can do so by defining
 driver:

 ```js
-async createSession(jwpCaps, reqCaps, w3cCaps, otherDriverData) {
-    const [sessionId, caps] = super.createSession(w3cCaps);
+async createSession(w3cCaps) {
+    const [sessionId, caps] = await super.createSession(w3cCaps);
    // do your own stuff here
    return [sessionId, caps];
 }
 ```

-For legacy reasons, your function will receive old-style JSON Wire Protocol desired and required
-caps as the first two arguments. Given that the old protocol isn't supported anymore and clients
-have all been updated, you can instead only rely on the `w3cCaps` parameter. (For a discussion
-about what `otherDriverData` is about, see the section below on concurrent drivers).
+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+```
+Older drivers may still define `createSession` with up to four parameters, e.g.
+`createSession(jwpCaps, reqCaps, w3cCaps, otherDriverData)`. This shape is a holdover from the
+retired JSON Wire Protocol, which required desired and required caps as the first two
+arguments; only the first W3C-shaped argument was ever used. The `otherDriverData` parameter is
+likewise deprecated in favor of [IPC](#send-messages-to-plugins-running-on-the-same-session) for
+coordinating with other concurrently-running sessions. New drivers should use the single-argument
+form shown above.
+```

 You'll want to make sure to call `super.createSession` in order to get the session ID as well as
 the processed capabilities (note that capabilities are also set on `this.caps`; modifying `caps`
@@ -522,14 +529,13 @@ route, then the route will not be proxied and instead will be handled by your dr
 example, we are avoiding proxying all `POST` routes that have the `appium` prefix.

 Next, we have to set up the proxying itself. The way to do this is to use a special class from
-Appium called `JWProxy`. (The name means "JSON Wire Proxy" and is related to a legacy
-implementation of the protocol). You'll want to create a `JWProxy` object using the details required to
-connect to the remote server:
+Appium called `WebDriverProxy`. You'll want to create a `WebDriverProxy` object using the details
+required to connect to the remote server:

 ```js
-// import {JWProxy} from 'appium/driver';
+// import {WebDriverProxy} from 'appium/driver';

-const proxy = new JWProxy({
+const proxy = new WebDriverProxy({
    server: 'remote.server',
    port: 1234,
    base: '/',
@@ -541,8 +547,8 @@ this.proxyCommand = proxy.command.bind(proxy);

 Here we are creating a proxy object and assigning some of its methods to `this` under the names
 `proxyReqRes` and `proxyCommand`. This is required for Appium to use the proxy, so don't forget
-this step! The `JWProxy` has a variety of other options which you can check out in the source code,
-as well. (TODO: publish options as API docs and link here).
+this step! The `WebDriverProxy` has a variety of other options which you can check out in the
+source code as well.

 Finally, we need a way to tell Appium when the proxy is active. For your driver it might always
 be active, or it might only be active when in a certain context. You can define the logic as an
@@ -799,6 +805,14 @@ that multiple simultaneous sessions don't use the same resources:
 3. Have each driver express what resources it is using, then examine currently-used resources from
   other drivers when a new session begins.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+```
+The `driverData`-based mechanism described below is deprecated. Prefer
+[IPC](#send-messages-to-plugins-running-on-the-same-session) for coordinating resources across
+concurrently-running sessions instead.
+```
+
 To support this third strategy, you can implement `get driverData` in your driver to return what
 sorts of resources your driver is currently using, for example:

@@ -810,7 +824,7 @@ get driverData() {

 Now, when a new session is started on your driver, the `driverData` response from any other
 simultaneously running drivers (of the same type) will also be included, as the last parameter of
-the `createSession` method:
+the deprecated, multi-argument form of the `createSession` method:

 ```js
 async createSession(jwpCaps, reqCaps, w3cCaps, driverData)
@@ -483,9 +483,9 @@ capability.
 You probably don't normally need to update the Appium server object (which is an
 [Express](https://expressjs.com/) server having already been
 [configured](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/packages/base-driver/lib/express/server.js)
-in a variety of ways). But, for example, you could add new Express middleware to the server to
-support your plugin's requirements. To update the server you must implement the `static async
-updateServer` method in your class. This method takes three parameters:
+in a variety of ways). But, for example, you could add new routes to the server to support your
+plugin's requirements. To update the server you must implement the `static async updateServer`
+method in your class. This method takes three parameters:

 - `expressApp`: the Express app object
 - `httpServer`: the Node HTTP server object
@@ -498,6 +498,25 @@ results you'll need to test! Warning: this should be considered an advanced feat
 knowledge of Express, as well as the care not to do anything that could affect the operation of
 other parts of the Appium server!

+`updateServer` runs _after_ Appium's own routes are registered, so `expressApp.use(...)` here
+won't see requests to paths Appium already owns — Express matches middleware and routes in
+registration order. For middleware that must see requests to those routes too (e.g. logging or
+auth), use `httpServer.frontRouter` instead: Appium mounts this
+[Router](https://expressjs.com/en/5x/api/router/) before any route is registered, so anything
+attached to it — even from inside `updateServer` — still runs ahead of route matching. Note this
+is still _after_ Appium's own baseline middleware (CORS, WebSocket upgrade handling, body
+parsing, etc.), so it won't see requests Appium itself has already rejected, e.g. a CORS
+preflight failure or a body that failed to parse:
+
+```js
+static async updateServer(expressApp, httpServer, cliArgs) {
+  httpServer.frontRouter.use((req, res, next) => {
+    console.log(`Incoming request: ${req.method} ${req.url}`);
+    next();
+  });
+}
+```
+
 ### Handle unexpected session shutdown

 When developing a plugin you may want to add some cleanup logic for when a session ends. You would
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ appium driver install --source=npm appium-flutter-integration-driver
 appium driver install --source=npm appium-lg-webos-driver
 ```

-### [Linux](https://github.com/fantonglang/appium-linux-driver)
+### [Linux (@fantonglang)](https://github.com/fantonglang/appium-linux-driver)

 !!! warning

@@ -149,6 +149,16 @@ yarn install
 node ./
 ```

+### [Linux (@Itsmeaj)](https://github.com/Itsmeaj/appium)
+
+- Target: Linux desktop applications on X11 and Wayland
+- Mode: Native
+- Supported by: `@Itsmeaj`
+
+```sh title="Install This Driver"
+appium driver install --source=npm @itsmeaj/appium-linux-driver
+```
+
 ### [NovaWindows](https://github.com/AutomateThePlanet/appium-novawindows-driver)

 !!! info
@@ -107,6 +107,48 @@ Retrieves the [execute methods](../../guides/execute-methods.md) supported in th
 origin (driver-specific or plugin-specific). Refer to [the type definition file](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/packages/types/lib/command.ts)
 for a detailed structure of this object.

+### getCurrentAppiumContext
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/context
+```
+
+Retrieves the active application context.
+
+#### Response
+
+`string` - the name of the active context
+
+### setAppiumContext
+
+```
+POST /session/:sessionId/appium/context
+```
+
+Sets an application context as the active context.
+
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name   | Description                                  | Type   |
+| ------ | -------------------------------------------- | ------ |
+| `name` | Name of the context to set as the active one | string |
+
+#### Response
+
+`null`
+
+### getAppiumContexts
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/contexts
+```
+
+Retrieves all available application contexts.
+
+#### Response
+
+`string[]` - the names of available contexts
+
 ### getLogEvents

 ```
@@ -393,3 +435,71 @@ Retrieves data from a directory on the device under test.
 #### Response

 `string` - the Base64-encoded zip file of the directory contents
+
+### getAppiumRotation
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/device/rotation
+```
+
+Retrieves the current spatial orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Response
+
+`Rotation` - an object with the following properties:
+
+| Name | Description                                          | Type   |
+| ---- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ------ |
+| `x`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its X axis | number |
+| `y`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Y axis | number |
+| `z`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Z axis | number |
+
+### setAppiumRotation
+
+```
+POST /session/:sessionId/appium/device/rotation
+```
+
+Sets the spatial orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Description                                          | Type   |
+| ---- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ------ |
+| `x`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its X axis | number |
+| `y`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Y axis | number |
+| `z`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Z axis | number |
+
+#### Response
+
+`null`
+
+### getAppiumOrientation
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/device/orientation
+```
+
+Retrieves the current orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Response
+
+`string` - either `PORTRAIT` or `LANDSCAPE`
+
+### setAppiumOrientation
+
+```
+POST /session/:sessionId/appium/device/orientation
+```
+
+Sets the orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name          | Description                                                                                             | Type   |
+| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------ |
+| `orientation` | New device orientation. Supported values are `PORTRAIT` or `LANDSCAPE`. | string |
+
+#### Response
+
+`null`
@@ -140,6 +140,10 @@ GET /session/:sessionId/orientation

 Retrieves the current orientation of the device under test.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`getAppiumOrientation`](./appium.md#getappiumorientation) instead
+
 #### Response

 `string` - either `PORTRAIT` or `LANDSCAPE`
@@ -154,6 +158,10 @@ POST /session/:sessionId/orientation

 Sets the orientation of the device under test.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`setAppiumOrientation`](./appium.md#setappiumorientation) instead
+
 #### Parameters

 | Name          | Description                                                                                             | Type   |
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ GET /session/:sessionId/rotation

 Retrieves the current spatial orientation of the device under test.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`getAppiumRotation`](./appium.md#getappiumrotation) instead
+
 #### Response

 `Rotation` - an object with the following properties:
@@ -41,6 +45,10 @@ POST /session/:sessionId/rotation

 Sets the spatial orientation of the device under test.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`setAppiumRotation`](./appium.md#setappiumrotation) instead
+
 #### Parameters

 | Name | Description                                          | Type   |
@@ -63,6 +71,10 @@ GET /session/:sessionId/context

 Retrieves the active application context.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`getCurrentAppiumContext`](./appium.md#getcurrentappiumcontext) instead
+
 #### Response

 `string` - the name of the active context
@@ -77,6 +89,10 @@ POST /session/:sessionId/context

 Sets an application context as the active context.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`setAppiumContext`](./appium.md#setappiumcontext) instead
+
 #### Parameters

 | Name   | Description                                  | Type   |
@@ -97,6 +113,10 @@ GET /session/:sessionId/contexts

 Retrieves all available application contexts.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`getAppiumContexts`](./appium.md#getappiumcontexts) instead
+
 #### Response

 `string[]` - the names of available contexts
@@ -170,10 +170,17 @@ Modifies the [`createSession`](./webdriver.md#createsession) endpoint:
    All endpoints for this plugin can be invoked without creating a session, allowing you to prepare
    your test environment in advance.

+!!! info
+
+    Prior to plugin version 1.2.0, all endpoints below were mounted under the `/storage` prefix
+    (e.g. `/storage/add`) instead of `/appium/storage`. The `/storage`-prefixed routes are still
+    available for backward compatibility, but are deprecated and will be removed in a future
+    version of the plugin.
+
 ### addStorageItem

 ```
-POST /storage/add
+POST /appium/storage/add
 ```

 Adds a new file to the storage.
@@ -200,8 +207,8 @@ Example:
 ```json
 {
  "ws": {
-    "stream": "/storage/add/ccc963411b2621335657963322890305ebe96186/stream",
-    "events": "/storage/add/ccc963411b2621335657963322890305ebe96186/events"
+    "stream": "/appium/storage/add/ccc963411b2621335657963322890305ebe96186/stream",
+    "events": "/appium/storage/add/ccc963411b2621335657963322890305ebe96186/events"
  },
  "ttlMs": 300000
 }
@@ -210,7 +217,7 @@ Example:
 ### deleteStorageItem

 ```
-POST /storage/delete
+POST /appium/storage/delete
 ```

 Deletes a file in the storage.
@@ -224,12 +231,12 @@ Deletes a file in the storage.
 #### Response

 `boolean` - `true` upon successful file deletion, or `false` if the file does not exist in
-the storage
+the storage, or if the delete request is invalid.

 ### listStorageItems

 ```
-GET /storage/list
+GET /appium/storage/list
 ```

 List all files present in the storage.
@@ -247,7 +254,7 @@ List all files present in the storage.
 ### resetStorage

 ```
-POST /storage/reset
+POST /appium/storage/reset
 ```

 Deletes all uploaded files and stops any incomplete uploads.
@@ -159,14 +159,14 @@ extensions include scripts.
 #### Usage

 ```
-appium {driver|plugin} run <extension-name> <script-name> [script-args]
+appium {driver|plugin} run <extension-name> [<script-name> [<script-args>]]
 ```

-| Argument         | Description                                   |
-| ---------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
-| `extension-name` | The short name of the installed extension     |
-| `script-name`    | The name of the script to be run              |
-| `script-args`    | Any additional arguments passed to the script |
+| Argument         | Description                                                                                                              |
+| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| `extension-name` | The short name of the installed extension                                                                                |
+| `script-name`    | The name of the script to run. If not provided, a list of available scripts is returned. |
+| `script-args`    | Any additional arguments passed to the script                                                                            |

 #### Options

@@ -182,6 +182,12 @@ appium {driver|plugin} run <extension-name> <script-name> [script-args]
    appium driver run uiautomator2 reset
    ```

+- List all available scripts included in the XCUITest driver:
+
+    ```
+    appium driver run xcuitest
+    ```
+
 ## `update`

 Updates one or more extensions. Only supported for extensions installed via `npm`. By default,
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ appium
 | `--address`, `-a`                      | IPv4/IPv6 address to listen on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | string        | `0.0.0.0`                                                |
 | `--allow-cors`                         | Allow web browser connections from any host                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | boolean       | `false`                                                  |
 | `--allow-insecure`                     | List of [insecure features](../../guides/security.md) that should be allowed in this server's sessions. Individual features can be overridden by `--deny-insecure`. Has no effect in combination with `--relaxed-security`.                                                                        | array<string> | `[]`                                                     |
+| `--allow-unknown-args`                 | Do not exit if unrecognized command-line arguments are passed to the server; ignore them instead. Useful when the Appium CLI is wrapped by external tooling that appends extra flags.                                                                                                                              | boolean       | `false`                                                  |
 | `--base-path`, `-pa`                   | Base path to use as the prefix for all webdriver routes running on the server                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | string        | `""`                                                     |
 | `--callback-address`, `-ca`            | Callback IP address                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | string        | `0.0.0.0`                                                |
 | `--callback-port`, `-cp`               | Callback port                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | integer       | `4723`                                                   |
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ appium
 | `--tmp`                                | Absolute path to the directory used for temporary files                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | string        | [`os.tmpdir()`](https://nodejs.org/api/os.html#ostmpdir) |
 | `--use-drivers`                        | List of drivers to activate. By default, all installed drivers are activated.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | array<string> | `[]`                                                     |
 | `--use-plugins`                        | List of plugins to activate. By default, no plugins are activated. Set to `["all"]` to activate all installed plugins.                                                                                                                                                                             | array<string> | `[]`                                                     |
-| `--webhook`, `-G`                      | URL for an HTTP listener where the server logs should be output. This does not affect output on the console.                                                                                                                                                                                                       | string        |                                                          |
+| `--webhook`, `-G`                      | URL for an HTTP listener where the server logs should be output. This does not affect output on the console. A bare `host:port` is also accepted, which posts the logs to the root path over plain http; a value having neither a scheme nor a port falls back to `127.0.0.1:9003`.                | string        |                                                          |

 ### Info Options

@@ -8,11 +8,6 @@ title: Additional Resources

 Here you can find links to additional Appium resources around the web:

-## Websites
-
- [Appium Pro](https://appiumpro.com) - a blog and newsletter written by one of Appium's
-  maintainers, Jonathan Lipps, with lots of useful guides
-
 ## Online Courses

 - [Appium and Selenium Fundamentals](https://ui.headspin.io/university/learn/appium-selenium-fundamentals-2020) - a comprehensive video course on learning Python, Selenium, and Appium by Jonathan Lipps
@@ -26,3 +21,4 @@ Here you can find links to additional Appium resources around the web:
 - [AppiumConf 2021](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9Z-JgiTsOYRCcJhDfmKAah9XmAp2b903)
 - [AppiumConf 2024](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9Z-JgiTsOYQaU5i5LJtAWlh5WVZPi3If)
 - [SeleniumConf & AppiumConf 2025](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRdSclUtJDYV2R92TLbmwxws6clruuTjH)
+- [SeleniumConf & AppiumConf 2026](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRdSclUtJDYVgVqdKnSyBLBmFdA0KE_Dk)
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-{% extends "base.html" %}
-
-{% block announce %}
-    <center>
-    SeleniumConf & AppiumConf returns on May 6-8, 2026! Join us to learn and connect with the community!
-    <a href="https://seleniumconf.com/">Register Now</a>
-    </center>
-{% endblock %}
@@ -10,19 +10,16 @@
 /* eslint-disable promise/prefer-await-to-callbacks */
 /* eslint-disable promise/prefer-await-to-then */

-const {deploy, buildSite} = require('@appium/docutils');
-const {
-  log,
-  LANGS,
-  DOCS_DIR,
-  DOCS_BRANCH,
-  DOCS_PREFIX,
-  DOCS_REMOTE,
-  LATEST_ALIAS,
-} = require('./utils');
-const path = require('node:path');
-const semver = require('semver');
-const {version} = require('../../package.json');
+import {readFileSync} from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import {fileURLToPath} from 'node:url';
+
+import {deploy, buildSite} from '@appium/docutils';
+import semver from 'semver';
+
+import {log, LANGS, DOCS_DIR, DOCS_BRANCH, DOCS_PREFIX, DOCS_REMOTE, LATEST_ALIAS} from './utils.js';
+
+const {version} = JSON.parse(readFileSync(new URL('../../package.json', import.meta.url), 'utf8'));

 const branch = process.env.APPIUM_DOCS_BRANCH ?? DOCS_BRANCH;
 const basePrefix = process.env.APPIUM_DOCS_PREFIX ?? DOCS_PREFIX;
@@ -67,10 +64,10 @@ async function main() {
  }
 }

-if (require.main === module) {
+if (process.argv[1] === fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)) {
  main().catch((err) => {
    throw err;
  });
 }

-module.exports = main;
+export default main;
@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@
 /* eslint-disable promise/prefer-await-to-callbacks */
 /* eslint-disable promise/prefer-await-to-then */

-const path = require('node:path');
-const {fs} = require('@appium/support');
-const {AppiumConfigJsonSchema} = require('@appium/schema');
+import {realpathSync} from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import {fileURLToPath} from 'node:url';

-const DOC_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, '..', 'en', 'cli', 'args.md');
+import {AppiumConfigJsonSchema} from '@appium/schema';
+import {fs} from '@appium/support';
+
+const DOC_PATH = path.resolve(import.meta.dirname, '..', 'en', 'cli', 'args.md');

 const START_TAG = `<!-- AUTOGEN-START -->`;
 const STOP_TAG = `<!-- AUTOGEN-STOP -->`;
@@ -89,10 +92,10 @@ async function writeNewDoc(preStart, argTable, postEnd) {
  await fs.writeFile(DOC_PATH, newContents);
 }

-if (require.main === module) {
+if (process.argv[1] && fileURLToPath(import.meta.url) === realpathSync(process.argv[1])) {
  main().catch((err) => {
    throw err;
  });
 }

-module.exports = main;
+export default main;
@@ -2,28 +2,19 @@

 // for simplicity this file is not transpiled and is run directly via an npm script
 //
-const {logger} = require('@appium/support');
-const path = require('node:path');
+import path from 'node:path';
+
+import {logger} from '@appium/support';

 const log = logger.getLogger('Docs');

 const DOCS_REMOTE = 'origin';
 const DOCS_BRANCH = 'gh-pages';
 const DOCS_PREFIX = 'docs';
-const DOCS_DIR = path.resolve(__dirname, '..');
+const DOCS_DIR = path.resolve(import.meta.dirname, '..');
 const LATEST_ALIAS = 'latest';
 const ASSETS_DIR = path.join(DOCS_DIR, 'assets');
 const LANGS = ['en', 'ja', 'zh'];
 const DEFAULT_LANG = 'en';

-module.exports = {
-  log,
-  DOCS_DIR,
-  ASSETS_DIR,
-  LANGS,
-  DEFAULT_LANG,
-  DOCS_BRANCH,
-  DOCS_PREFIX,
-  DOCS_REMOTE,
-  LATEST_ALIAS,
-};
+export {log, DOCS_DIR, ASSETS_DIR, LANGS, DEFAULT_LANG, DOCS_BRANCH, DOCS_PREFIX, DOCS_REMOTE, LATEST_ALIAS};
@@ -17,3 +17,8 @@ authors:
    avatar: 'https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4045041?v=4'
    slug: 'sai'
    url: 'https://saikrishna.tech'
+  mykola:
+    name: 'Mykola Mokhnach'
+    description: 'Appium Core Maintainer'
+    avatar: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7767781?v=4
+    slug: 'mykola'
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ authors:
 date: 2024-07-13
 ---

-# Appium Conf 2024: Call for Proposals Now Open!
+# Appium Conf 2024: 现在开始征集提案

-We're thrilled to announce that Appium Conf is back and going online for 2024! This is the official Appium conference where you can learn all about what's new in Appium 2.0 and explore the latest in automating tests for devices, mobile apps, and desktop applications.
+我们很兴奋地宣布，Appium Conf 已回归并在2024年上线！ 这是官方的Appium会议，您可以在会上了解Appium 2中的所有新内容。 并探索设备自动化测试、移动应用程序和桌面应用程序的最新版本。

 <!-- more -->

@@ -17,29 +17,29 @@ We're thrilled to announce that Appium Conf is back and going online for 2024! T
 </a>
 </div>

-## Mark Your Calendars: September 13, 2024
+## 标记您的日历：2024年9月13日

-Join us on September 13, 2024, for a full day of inspiring and practical talks from the Appium team and the world's top mobile testing and automation experts. With Appium 2.0 now well-established, this is your opportunity to dive deep and learn how to maximize its potential.
+2024年9月13日，请加入我们，参加Appium团队和世界顶级移动测试和自动化专家为期一天的鼓舞人心且实用的演讲。 随着Appium 2.0的成熟，这是您深入了解并学习如何最大限度地发挥其潜力的机会。

-## Why Attend Appium Conf 2024?
+## 为什么参加了2024年的Appium Conf ？

-1. **Gain Insights**: Hear interesting insights and inspiring case studies from global experts and the core Appium team.
-2. **Improve Your Strategy**: Gain valuable knowledge to enhance your own automation strategy.
-3. **Network**: Make connections with Appium users from around the globe.
-4. **Learn from Specialists**: Benefit from Appium specialists' expertise on a variety of topics.
+1. **获得见解**：听取全球专家和核心Appium团队的有趣见解和鼓舞人心的案例研究。
+2. **改进您的战略**：获得有价值的知识，以增强您自己的自动化战略。
+3. **网络**：与来自全球的Appium用户建立联系。
+4. **向专家学习**：从Appium专家在各种主题上的专业知识中受益。

-## Call for Proposals: Share Your Knowledge!
+## 征集提案：分享您的知识！

-We're looking for a diverse range of speakers from around the globe who are eager to share innovative ideas and use-cases of mobile test automation. If you have experience with Appium and insights that could benefit the community of test practitioners, we want to hear from you!
+我们正在寻找来自全球各地的各种演讲者，他们渴望分享移动测试自动化的创新想法和用例。 如果您有使用Appium的经验和见解，可以使测试从业者社区受益，我们想听听您的意见！

-Don't miss this chance to contribute to the Appium community and showcase your expertise on a global stage.
+不要错过这个机会，为Appium社区做出贡献，并在全球舞台上展示你的专业知识。

-## How to Submit Your Proposal
+## 如何提交您的提案

-Visit our website at [https://appiumconf.com/](https://appiumconf.com/) and [Submit a Proposal](https://confengine.com/conferences/appium-conf-2024/proposals?utm_medium=referal&utm_source=appium.io&utm_campaign=launch). We're excited to see your innovative ideas and experiences with Appium!
+访问我们的网站 [https://appiumconf.com/](https://appiumconf.com/) 并[提交提案](https://confengine.com/conferences/appium-conf-2024/proposals?utm_medium=referal&utm_source=appium.io&utm_campaign=launch)。 我们很高兴看到您在 Appium 中的创新想法和经验！

-## Stay Tuned
+## 敬请期待

-Keep an eye on our website and social media channels for updates on the conference schedule, keynote speakers, and more exciting details about Appium Conf 2024.
+关注我们的网站和社交媒体频道以了解会议日程安排的更新， 主旨演讲人和2024年Appium Conf 的更令人兴奋的细节。

-Join us in shaping the future of mobile and device test automation. Submit your proposal today and be part of this exciting event!
+加入我们来塑造移动设备测试自动化的未来。 立即提交您的提案，成为这一激动人心的活动的一部分！
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ date: 2025-11-25
 # Announcing LambdaTest as Appium's Newest Development Partner

 As part of our ongoing effort to recognize organizations that meaningfully support the Appium project through dedicated maintainer time, we are excited to welcome our newest Development Partner: LambdaTest!
-LambdaTest has long been an active participant in the automated testing ecosystem. Today, they are officially formalizing their commitment by investing people—dedicated engineers who will directly support Appium's development, maintenance, and ecosystem growth.
-This kind of hands-on contribution is crucial for ensuring Appium continues to evolve. We deeply value partners who empower their engineering teams to contribute code directly to open source rather than just sponsorship.

 <!-- more -->

+LambdaTest has long been an active participant in the automated testing ecosystem. Today, they are officially formalizing their commitment by investing people—dedicated engineers who will directly support Appium's development, maintenance, and ecosystem growth.
+
+This kind of hands-on contribution is crucial for ensuring Appium continues to evolve. We deeply value partners who empower their engineering teams to contribute code directly to open source rather than just sponsorship.
+
 <div style="text-align:center;width:100%"><a href="https://lambdatest.com/?utm_source=appium.io&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=june_25&utm_term=sk&utm_content=webpage">
    <img src="/docs/en/latest/assets/images/sponsor-logo-lambdatest-dark.png#only-dark" width="300" />
    <img src="/docs/en/latest/assets/images/sponsor-logo-lambdatest-light.png#only-light" width="300" />
@@ -20,15 +22,19 @@ This kind of hands-on contribution is crucial for ensuring Appium continues to e
 </div>

 LambdaTest engineers are already contributing actively across several key Appium repositories. Their current focus includes:
-**appium-mcp** – Supporting Appium's implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to drive forward modern AI-assisted capabilities.
-**appium-remote-xpc** – Contributing to the native macOS/XPC-based remote execution layer, essential for iOS automation.
-**appium-tun-tap** – Assisting in the development and maintenance of network virtualization and tunneling components for advanced testing scenarios.
+
+- [`appium-mcp`](https://github.com/appium/appium-mcp) – Supporting Appium's implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to drive forward modern AI-assisted capabilities.
+- [`appium-ios-remotexpc`](https://github.com/appium/appium-ios-remotexpc) – Contributing to the native macOS/XPC-based remote execution layer, essential for iOS automation.
+- [`appium-ios-tuntap`](https://github.com/appium/appium-ios-tuntap) – Assisting in the development and maintenance of network virtualization and tunneling components for advanced testing scenarios.

 These contributions strengthen critical infrastructure within the Appium ecosystem and demonstrate LambdaTest's commitment to deep technical involvement in the project's evolution.
-About LambdaTest
+
+**About LambdaTest**

 LambdaTest’s platform already serves a massive community of Appium users. As a GenAI-powered Quality Engineering Platform, they provide a full-stack testing cloud with 10,000+ real mobile devices and 3,000+ browsers.
+
 Beyond standard infrastructure, they are pushing the boundaries of test execution with AI-native test management and next-generation agents like KaneAI. By supporting Appium alongside Selenium, Playwright, and other major frameworks, LambdaTest helps teams orchestrate intelligent automation at cloud scale.

 LambdaTest will continue contributing people, code, and development expertise to strengthen Appium's core functionality. Their commitment represents a significant investment into the future of the framework, and we're thrilled to have them collaborating with us at this deeper level.
+
 The Appium project is proud to recognize LambdaTest as our newest official Development Partner. We can't wait to see what we'll build together!
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+authors:
+  - mykola
+date: 2026-09-01
+---
+
+# Announcing watchOS Simulator Support in the XCUITest Driver
+
+We’re excited to announce that the XCUITest driver now supports automation of watchOS apps — a
+platform that’s been on Appium’s requested list for a long time.
+
+<!-- more -->
+
+In order to automate watchOS, you'll need the following:
+
+- XCUITest driver version 12.6.0 or later (WebDriverAgent 16.5.0 or later)
+- Xcode 15.4 or later
+- watchOS 10 or later
+
+Important to note: ^^the driver currently only works with simulators — real devices are not
+compatible.^^
+
+The good news: automating a watchOS app looks just like automating any other iOS/iPadOS app. The
+standard use-cases of finding and clicking on elements, retrieving the page source, using the
+Appium Inspector — all work as usual. The one exception here is standard W3C gesture/touch actions
+(tap/swipe via the Actions API), which are not supported.
+
+On top of that, a few watchOS-specific extensions are available:
+
+- `mobile: pressButton` — press the Digital Crown or Action button
+- `mobile: rotateDigitalCrown` — rotate the Digital Crown (since driver version 12.7.0)
+- `mobile: performHandGesture` — perform double-tap or wrist flick hand gestures (since driver
+  version 12.7.0)
+
+For full setup instructions, capabilities, and limitations, check out the
+[watchOS guide](https://appium.github.io/appium-xcuitest-driver/latest/guides/watchos/).
+
+Happy testing!
@@ -1,84 +1,66 @@
 ---
-title: Building Documentation
+title: 构建文档
 ---

-Once you've [built a driver](./build-drivers.md) or [built a plugin](./build-plugins.md) for Appium,
-you will hopefully want to document how that extension works for your users. The most basic way of
-doing this is to write up a quick `README.md` and keep it in the root of your project's repository.
-However, this can involve a lot of effort.
+一旦你为 Appium 构建了 [驱动](./build-drivers.md) 或 [插件](./build-plugins.md)，通常也会希望为用户说明这个扩展是如何工作的。 最基础的方式就是编写一个简短的 `README.md`，并将它放在项目仓库的根目录中。
+不过，这样做可能会耗费不少精力。

-The Appium project has built tools to help with this, and we've packaged up these tools so our
-ecosystem developers building drivers and plugins can _also_ use them. The best way to get going
-with these tools is probably to look at an existing Appium driver repo to see how it's done, for
-example the [XCUITest driver repo](https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver). But this guide
-will outline the basic approach.
+Appium 项目已经提供了辅助工具，并且我们把这些工具打包好了，以便生态系统中的驱动和插件开发者也能使用。 这些工具最好的入门方式是查看一个现有的 Appium 驱动仓库，看看它是如何组织文档的，例如 [XCUITest 驱动仓库](https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver)。 不过，本指南会先介绍基本的实现思路。

-### Conceptual architecture
+### 概念架构

-Appium settled on [MkDocs](https://www.mkdocs.org/) as a Markdown-based documentation site
-generator. It uses a Python toolchain (and not Node.js), but it turned out to be the best option
-for our purposes. You can adjust this, but by default Appium's utilities also assume that you'll be
-using the [mkdocs-material](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/) theme/extension for
-MkDocs.
+Appium 采用 [MkDocs](https://www.mkdocs.org/) 作为基于 Markdown 的文档站点的生成工具。 它使用 Python 工具链（而不是 Node.js），但这恰好是我们当前需求下最合适的选择。 你可以自行调整，不过默认情况下，Appium 的工具链也会假设你使用 [mkdocs-material](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/) 主题与扩展来搭建 MkDocs。

-In order to make different versions of your docs available (one for each minor release of your
-extension, typically), we also bundle [Mike](https://github.com/jimporter/mike).
+为了让你的文档能够支持不同版本（通常是每个小版本一个），我们还会捆绑 [Mike](https://github.com/jimporter/mike)。

-From here, building a basic docs site is as easy as collecting your Markdown files together and
-defining how you want them to be organized.
+从这里开始，构建一个基础文档站点其实很简单：把 Markdown 文件收集起来，再定义你希望它们如何组织即可。

-### Prerequisites
+### 前置条件

-To take advantage of Appium's documentation utilities, you'll need to install:
+要使用 Appium 的文档工具，你需要安装以下内容：

 - [Python v3+](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
- [pip](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installation/) (this may be installed automatically with Python)
- The `@appium/docutils` package:
+- [pip](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installation/)（通常 Python 会自动附带安装）
+- `@appium/docutils` 包：

  ```bash
  npm install --save-dev @appium/docutils
  ```

-### Initializing an Extension for Building Docs
+### 初始化用于构建文档的扩展

-To prepare your extension for generating documentation, run the following command:
+要为你的扩展准备文档生成环境，请运行下面的命令：

 ```bash
 npx appium-docs init
 ```

-This will:
+这一步会：

-1. Create a `tsconfig.json` if one does not already exist. This is necessary even if your extension
-   is not written in TypeScript.
-2. Create a `mkdocs.yml` with the necessary configuration for MkDocs.
+1. 创建一个 `tsconfig.json`（如果当前还没有的话）。 即使你的扩展并不是 TypeScript 编写的，这也是必需的。
+2. 创建一个 `mkdocs.yml`，其中包含 MkDocs 所需的配置。

-### Documenting Your Extension
+### 为你的扩展编写文档

-At this point, you can begin documenting your extension. By default, MkDocs will look for Markdown
-files in the `docs` directory. You can therefore create your Markdown documentation files, place
-them in `docs`, and add links to these files in `mkdocs.yml`.
+此时你就可以开始为扩展编写文档了。 默认情况下，MkDocs 会在 `docs` 目录中查找 Markdown 文件。 因此，你可以创建文档文件并放入 `docs`，然后在 `mkdocs.yml` 里添加相应链接。

-Refer to the [MkDocs documentation](https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/writing-your-docs/) for
-information on how to organize and structure your documentation.
+请参考 [MkDocs 文档](https://www.mkdocs.org/user-guide/writing-your-docs/) 来了解如何组织与构建你的文档结构。

-### Building the Docs
+### 构建文档

-At this point, you can use the `appium-docs` CLI tool. Run this tool with no arguments to get the
-full help output and see all the available subcommands and parameters. Here are a few usage
-examples:
+在这个阶段，你可以使用 `appium-docs` CLI 工具。 运行这个工具时不传任何参数，可以看到完整的帮助信息，以及所有可用的子命令与参数。 下面是几个常见用法示例：

 ```bash
-# Generate reference and build the mkdocs site into the site dir
+# 生成参考文档并将 mkdocs 站点构建到 site 目录
 npx appium-docs build

-# Same as build, but host the docs on a local dev server
-# and watch for changes and rebuild when files change
+# 与 build 相同，但会在本地启动开发服务器
+# 并监听文件变化，在内容变更时自动重建
 npx appium-docs build --serve

-# Build the docs and deploy them with mike versioning to the docs-site branch
-# using the included commit message.
-# This is particularly useful for pushing content to a GitHub pages branch!
+# 构建文档并使用 mike 进行版本化部署到 docs-site 分支
+# 其中包含内置提交信息。
+# 这对于把内容推送到 GitHub Pages 分支特别有用！
 npx appium-docs build \
  --deploy \
  -b docs-site \
@@ -1,45 +1,33 @@
 ---
-title: Building Doctor Checks
+title: 构建 Doctor Checks
 ---

-The idea of Appium Doctor is to assist users with driver or plugin preconditions setup. Sometimes such
-preconditions might be quite complicated and require non-trivial technical knowledge. Doctor checks,
-which are vanilla Node.js class instances written by extension authors, simplify
-the setup process by automating diagnostics and possible fixes for the found issues. These checks
-might also be interactive to ensure better usage experience.
+Appium Doctor 的目标，是帮助用户完成驱动或插件的前置条件配置。 有时这些前置条件可能相当复杂，需要一定的技术知识。 Doctor checks是由扩展作者编写的普通 Node.js 类实例，它可以自动完成诊断并尝试修复发现的问题。 为了提供更好的使用体验，这些检查项有时也会是交互式的。

-This tutorial is supposed to be used by plugin or driver authors that would like to help their users
-to deal with complicated setup or configuration steps.
+本教程适用于希望帮助用户处理复杂配置或设置步骤的插件或驱动作者。

-## Adding Doctor Checks
+## 添加 Doctor Checks

-### Typing Requirements
+### 类型要求

-The term `Doctor Check` literally describes a single javascript class instance that implements the
-[IDoctorCheck interface](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/packages/types/lib/doctor.ts).
-The interface defines the following methods and properties:
+术语 `Doctor Check` 的字面含义，是指一个实现了 [IDoctorCheck 接口](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/packages/types/lib/doctor.ts) 的 JavaScript 类实例。
+这个接口定义了以下方法和属性：

- `diagnose(): Promise<DoctorCheckResult>`: Contains the code to diagnose a possible issue
- `fix(): Promise<string|null>`: Either fixes the actual problem if `hasAutofix()` returns true or
-  returns a string description for possible manual fixes. If this method throws an exception named
-  `FixSkippedError` and `hasAutofix()` returns true then the result of the method invocation
-  is going to be ignored.
- `hasAutofix(): boolean`: Whether calling `fix()` would resolve the found issue
- `isOptional(): boolean`: Whether the found issue can be ignored and is not a showstopper
- `log: AppiumLogger`: May be used for logging. This property may be assigned
-  by the instance itself or by the Appium server if it is left unassigned.
+- `diagnose(): Promise<DoctorCheckResult>`：包含诊断某个问题的代码
+- `fix(): Promise<string|null>`：如果 `hasAutofix()` 返回 true，则修复实际问题；否则返回一段手动修复的说明。 如果此方法抛出名为 `FixSkippedError` 的异常，并且 `hasAutofix()` 返回 true，那么该调用结果将被忽略。
+- `hasAutofix(): boolean`：表示调用 `fix()` 是否能解决发现的问题
+- `isOptional(): boolean`：表示发现的问题是否可以被忽略且不是阻塞性问题
+- `log: AppiumLogger`：可用于日志输出。 这个属性可以由实例自行赋值，也可以由 Appium 服务在未赋值时自动提供。

-The `DoctorCheckResult` object returned by the `diagnose()` method must contain the following properties:
+`diagnose()` 方法返回的 `DoctorCheckResult` 对象必须包含以下属性：

- `ok: boolean`: Whether the diagnosis found no issues
- `optional: boolean`: Whether the diagnosed issue is safe to ignore
- `message: string`: The text message describing the diagnostic result
+- `ok: boolean`：诊断是否未发现任何问题。
+- `optional: boolean`：诊断出的问题是否可以安全忽略。
+- `message: string`：描述诊断结果的文本信息。

-### Manifest Requirements
+### 清单要求

-A single extension may export multiple Doctor checks to Appium. In order for these checks to be properly
-picked up by the server CLI after the corresponding extension is installed they might be listed in the
-package .json manifest under the `appium.doctor.checks` section similar to the definition below:
+一个扩展可以向 Appium 导出多个 Doctor checks。 为了让这些检查项在对应扩展安装后能够被服务端 CLI 正确识别，它们需要在package .json 清单文件中列在 `appium.doctor.checks` 部分，格式类似下面这样：

 ```json
  // ...
@@ -67,12 +55,11 @@ package .json manifest under the `appium.doctor.checks` section similar to the d
  // ...
 ```

-Also, it makes sense to include the [@appium/types](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@appium/types) import
-to the package dev dependencies.
+此外，建议将 [@appium/types](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@appium/types) 加入包的开发依赖中。

-### Implementation Example
+### 实现示例

-The below example is a "raw" Node.JS implementation that does not use any transpilation:
+下面是一个“原生”的 Node.js 实现示例，没有使用任何转译工具：

 ```js
 const {fs, doctor} = require('@appium/support');
@@ -123,8 +110,7 @@ module.exports = {androidHomeCheck};
 */
 ```

-This file could be saved as `doctor/android-home-check.js` and then added to the package.json manifest
-as
+这个文件可以保存为 `doctor/android-home-check.js`，然后再将其加入到 package.json 清单中，例如：

 ```json
  // ...
@@ -222,17 +222,24 @@ So you'll probably end up overriding `createSession`. You can do so by defining
 driver:

 ```js
-async createSession(jwpCaps, reqCaps, w3cCaps, otherDriverData) {
-    const [sessionId, caps] = super.createSession(w3cCaps);
+async createSession(w3cCaps) {
+    const [sessionId, caps] = await super.createSession(w3cCaps);
    // do your own stuff here
    return [sessionId, caps];
 }
 ```

-For legacy reasons, your function will receive old-style JSON Wire Protocol desired and required
-caps as the first two arguments. Given that the old protocol isn't supported anymore and clients
-have all been updated, you can instead only rely on the `w3cCaps` parameter. (For a discussion
-about what `otherDriverData` is about, see the section below on concurrent drivers).
+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+```
+Older drivers may still define `createSession` with up to four parameters, e.g.
+`createSession(jwpCaps, reqCaps, w3cCaps, otherDriverData)`. This shape is a holdover from the
+retired JSON Wire Protocol, which required desired and required caps as the first two
+arguments; only the first W3C-shaped argument was ever used. The `otherDriverData` parameter is
+likewise deprecated in favor of [IPC](#send-messages-to-plugins-running-on-the-same-session) for
+coordinating with other concurrently-running sessions. New drivers should use the single-argument
+form shown above.
+```

 You'll want to make sure to call `super.createSession` in order to get the session ID as well as
 the processed capabilities (note that capabilities are also set on `this.caps`; modifying `caps`
@@ -522,14 +529,13 @@ route, then the route will not be proxied and instead will be handled by your dr
 example, we are avoiding proxying all `POST` routes that have the `appium` prefix.

 Next, we have to set up the proxying itself. The way to do this is to use a special class from
-Appium called `JWProxy`. (The name means "JSON Wire Proxy" and is related to a legacy
-implementation of the protocol). You'll want to create a `JWProxy` object using the details required to
-connect to the remote server:
+Appium called `WebDriverProxy`. You'll want to create a `WebDriverProxy` object using the details
+required to connect to the remote server:

 ```js
-// import {JWProxy} from 'appium/driver';
+// import {WebDriverProxy} from 'appium/driver';

-const proxy = new JWProxy({
+const proxy = new WebDriverProxy({
    server: 'remote.server',
    port: 1234,
    base: '/',
@@ -541,8 +547,8 @@ this.proxyCommand = proxy.command.bind(proxy);

 Here we are creating a proxy object and assigning some of its methods to `this` under the names
 `proxyReqRes` and `proxyCommand`. This is required for Appium to use the proxy, so don't forget
-this step! The `JWProxy` has a variety of other options which you can check out in the source code,
-as well. (TODO: publish options as API docs and link here).
+this step! The `WebDriverProxy` has a variety of other options which you can check out in the
+source code as well.

 Finally, we need a way to tell Appium when the proxy is active. For your driver it might always
 be active, or it might only be active when in a certain context. You can define the logic as an
@@ -799,6 +805,14 @@ that multiple simultaneous sessions don't use the same resources:
 3. Have each driver express what resources it is using, then examine currently-used resources from
   other drivers when a new session begins.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+```
+The `driverData`-based mechanism described below is deprecated. Prefer
+[IPC](#send-messages-to-plugins-running-on-the-same-session) for coordinating resources across
+concurrently-running sessions instead.
+```
+
 To support this third strategy, you can implement `get driverData` in your driver to return what
 sorts of resources your driver is currently using, for example:

@@ -810,7 +824,7 @@ get driverData() {

 Now, when a new session is started on your driver, the `driverData` response from any other
 simultaneously running drivers (of the same type) will also be included, as the last parameter of
-the `createSession` method:
+the deprecated, multi-argument form of the `createSession` method:

 ```js
 async createSession(jwpCaps, reqCaps, w3cCaps, driverData)
@@ -483,9 +483,9 @@ capability.
 You probably don't normally need to update the Appium server object (which is an
 [Express](https://expressjs.com/) server having already been
 [configured](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/packages/base-driver/lib/express/server.js)
-in a variety of ways). But, for example, you could add new Express middleware to the server to
-support your plugin's requirements. To update the server you must implement the `static async
-updateServer` method in your class. This method takes three parameters:
+in a variety of ways). But, for example, you could add new routes to the server to support your
+plugin's requirements. To update the server you must implement the `static async updateServer`
+method in your class. This method takes three parameters:

 - `expressApp`: the Express app object
 - `httpServer`: the Node HTTP server object
@@ -498,6 +498,25 @@ results you'll need to test! Warning: this should be considered an advanced feat
 knowledge of Express, as well as the care not to do anything that could affect the operation of
 other parts of the Appium server!

+`updateServer` runs _after_ Appium's own routes are registered, so `expressApp.use(...)` here
+won't see requests to paths Appium already owns — Express matches middleware and routes in
+registration order. For middleware that must see requests to those routes too (e.g. logging or
+auth), use `httpServer.frontRouter` instead: Appium mounts this
+[Router](https://expressjs.com/en/5x/api/router/) before any route is registered, so anything
+attached to it — even from inside `updateServer` — still runs ahead of route matching. Note this
+is still _after_ Appium's own baseline middleware (CORS, WebSocket upgrade handling, body
+parsing, etc.), so it won't see requests Appium itself has already rejected, e.g. a CORS
+preflight failure or a body that failed to parse:
+
+```js
+static async updateServer(expressApp, httpServer, cliArgs) {
+  httpServer.frontRouter.use((req, res, next) => {
+    console.log(`Incoming request: ${req.method} ${req.url}`);
+    next();
+  });
+}
+```
+
 ### Handle unexpected session shutdown

 When developing a plugin you may want to add some cleanup logic for when a session ends. You would
@@ -2,17 +2,14 @@
 hide:
  - toc

-title: Developing Appium Extensions
+title: 开发 Appium 扩展
 ---

-Appium is built with a modular structure, which means that Appium extensions (drivers and plugins)
-are decoupled from the main Appium module, and you only need to install the extensions that you
-want to use. This modular structure also unlocks the ability to develop entirely new extensions!
+Appium 采用模块化结构，这意味着 Appium 扩展（驱动和插件）与主 Appium 模块是解耦的；你只需要安装自己想要使用的扩展即可。 这种模块化结构还使得开发全新的扩展变得成为可能。

-This section of the Appium documentation is intended to help aspiring developers with creating their
-own Appium extension:
+Appium 文档的这一部分，旨在帮助有志于开发者创建自己的 Appium 扩展：

- For creating a driver, see the [Build Drivers](./build-drivers.md) page
- For creating a plugin, take a look at the [Build Plugins](build-plugins.md) page
- Drivers and plugins both need documentation, so check out the [Build Documentation](./build-docs.md) page
- For creating a doctor check, see the [Building Doctor Checks](./build-doctor-checks.md) page
+- 想要创建驱动，请查看 [构建驱动](./build-drivers.md) 页面
+- 想要创建插件，请查看 [构建插件](build-plugins.md) 页面
+- 驱动和插件都需要文档，因此请查看 [构建文档](./build-docs.md) 页面
+- 想要创建 Doctor check，请查看 [构建Doctor Checks](./build-doctor-checks.md) 页面
@@ -2,48 +2,38 @@
 hide:
  - toc

-title: Masking Sensitive Log Data
+title: 屏蔽敏感日志数据
 ---

-Since Appium server version 2.18.0 there is a possibility to mask sensitive
-values in logs. The below tutorial explains how to use this feature in third-party
-extensions.
+自 Appium server 2.18.0 版本起，已经具备了在日志中屏蔽敏感值的能力。 下面的教程将介绍如何在第三方扩展中使用这一功能。

-## Why It Might Be Useful
+## 为什么这很有用

-It is the right call to hide sensitive information, like passwords, tokens, etc.
-from server logs, so it does not accidentally leak if these logs end up in wrong hands.
-Appium server already provides a way to manipulate logs records via
-[filtering](../guides/log-filters.md), although it has its own limitations.
-The current approach is more sophisticated though, and requires some fine-tuning
-on the driver/plugin side.
+将密码、令牌等敏感信息从服务器日志中隐藏起来是合理且必要的，这样即使日志落入错误的人手中，也不会意外泄露敏感数据。
+Appium server 已经提供了一种通过 [过滤](../guides/log-filters.md) 来处理日志记录的方式，不过它本身存在一些限制。
+当前这种方法则更为先进，但需要驱动/插件侧进行一些细调。

-## How To
+## 使用方法

-The assumption is that your extension uses the standard built-in
-[@appium/logger](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@appium/logger).
-In order to get some value in logs replaced by a generic mask it is necessary:
+假设你的扩展使用的是标准内置的 [@appium/logger](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@appium/logger)。
+要让日志中的某个值被替换成通用的掩码，需要执行以下步骤：

- Change the logging expression to wrap sensitive values and format them, for example:
+- 将日志表达式改为包裹敏感值并进行格式化，例如：

    ```js
-    this.log.info(`Value: ${value}`);
+    this.log.info(`Value: ${value}`)；
    ```

-  becomes
+  变为

    ```js
    import {logger} from '@appium/support';
    
-    this.log.info('Value: %s', logger.markSensitive(value));
+    this.log.info('Value: %s', logger.markSensitive(value))；
    ```

-  The formatting happens via the standard Node.js's
-  [util.format](https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#utilformatformat-args) API.
+  格式化过程会通过标准的 Node.js [util.format](https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#utilformatformat-args) API 完成。

- While sending the appropriate server request, where this log line is used and should be masked,
-  add the custom header `X-Appium-Is-Sensitive` with its value set to `1` or `true` (case-insensitive).
-  Without such header the above log value is not going to be masked.
-  This way it is possible to conditionally mask log records depending on which
-  request is being handled by the extension if the log expression is used in the
-  common section.
+- 在发送相应的服务器请求时，如果这个日志行被使用并且应该被掩码处理，请额外添加自定义请求头 `X-Appium-Is-Sensitive`，其值为 `1` 或 `true`（大小写不敏感）。
+  如果没有这个请求头，上述日志值将不会被掩码处理。
+  这样就可以根据扩展处理的具体请求来有条件地屏蔽日志记录；如果日志表达式位于公共部分，就可以在这里统一控制。
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ appium driver install --source=npm appium-flutter-integration-driver
 appium driver install --source=npm appium-lg-webos-driver
 ```

-### [Linux](https://github.com/fantonglang/appium-linux-driver)
+### [Linux (@fantonglang)](https://github.com/fantonglang/appium-linux-driver)

 !!! warning

@@ -149,6 +149,16 @@ yarn install
 node ./
 ```

+### [Linux (@Itsmeaj)](https://github.com/Itsmeaj/appium)
+
+- Target: Linux desktop applications on X11 and Wayland
+- Mode: Native
+- Supported by: `@Itsmeaj`
+
+```sh title="Install This Driver"
+appium driver install --source=npm @itsmeaj/appium-linux-driver
+```
+
 ### [NovaWindows](https://github.com/AutomateThePlanet/appium-novawindows-driver)

 !!! info
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@ The above configuration corresponds to the `--driver-xcuitest-webkit-debug-proxy
 ```

 All properties are case-sensitive and will be in
-[kebab-case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naming_convention_\(programming\)#Delimiter-separated_words).
+[kebab-case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naming_convention_(programming)#Delimiter-separated_words).
 For example, `callback-port` is allowed, but `callbackPort` is not.
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 hide:
-  - 导航栏
+  - navigation
  - toc

 title: 欢迎使用
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ title: Appium 如何工作？

 这里还有另一个更大的问题，鉴于除了 iOS 和 Android 之外还有更多应用平台：

- 我们如何为_所有_平台启用自动化？
+- 我们如何&#x4E3A;_&#x6240;&#x6709;_&#x5E73;台启用自动化？

 探索 Appium 对这些问题的答案可能不是学习 Appium 是什么的最快方式，但它肯定是一个好方法！ 所以让我们深入了解。

@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ Appium 的最初目标是为移动应用（iOS 和 Android）开发自动化标

 [^2]: 从技术上讲，当 Appium 首次编写时，我们处理的是比 WebDriver 规范更古老的东西，称为 JSON Wire Protocol。 从那时起，Appium 继续与 W3C 规范一起演化，并完全符合 W3C 规范。

-当然，Appium 希望支持用户交互从 Web 到移动或 Web 到电视确实不同的情况，因此 Appium 还利用 WebDriver 规范的内置_可扩展性_。 结果是，无论您想要自动化哪个平台，当您使用 Appium 时，您将使用标准 WebDriver 规范，但有两个注意事项：
+当然，Appium 希望支持用户交互从 Web 到移动或 Web 到电视确实不同的情况，因此 Appium 还利用 WebDriver 规范的内&#x7F6E;_&#x53EF;扩展性_。 结果是，无论您想要自动化哪个平台，当您使用 Appium 时，您将使用标准 WebDriver 规范，但有两个注意事项：

 - 我们可能无法在给定平台上支持特定的 WebDriver API 命令，因此某些命令可能不受支持（例如，在原生移动应用自动化世界中，获取或设置 cookie 是不可能的）。
 - 我们可能支持超出 WebDriver API 命令列表的自动化行为，尽管任何此类命令将是有效的、符合规范的 WebDriver API 扩展。

-您实际上如何_使用_ WebDriver API，特别是 Appium 的背景下？ 我们将在下面的[部分](#universal-programming-language-access)中介绍 Appium 如何提供通用编程语言访问。 您现在只需要知道 Appium 通过实现 WebDriver 协议来引入通用 UI 自动化接口。
+您实际上如&#x4F55;_&#x4F7F;用_ WebDriver API，特别是 Appium 的背景下？ 我们将在下面的[部分](#universal-programming-language-access)中介绍 Appium 如何提供通用编程语言访问。 您现在只需要知道 Appium 通过实现 WebDriver 协议来引入通用 UI 自动化接口。

 ## 平台自动化行为

@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ Appium 的最初目标是为移动应用（iOS 和 Android）开发自动化标

 驱动程序是独立、可插拔模块的原因之一是它们彼此完全不同。 构建和使用不同平台的驱动程序的工具和要求完全不同。 因此，Appium 让您只使用您自动化任务所需的驱动程序。 选择驱动程序并安装它们以便与您的 Appium 实例一起使用非常重要，以至于 Appium 有自己的 [CLI 来管理驱动程序](../reference/cli/extensions.md)。

-因此，为了回答我们最初的问题，Appium 为给定平台提供自动化功能访问的方式是 Appium 团队（或任何人[^3]）为该平台编写一个_驱动程序_，实现 WebDriver 协议的尽可能多或少的部分。 然后，任何使用 Appium 的人都可以安装驱动程序。
+因此，为了回答我们最初的问题，Appium 为给定平台提供自动化功能访问的方式是 Appium 团队（或任何人[^3]）为该平台编写一&#x4E2A;_&#x9A71;动程序_，实现 WebDriver 协议的尽可能多或少的部分。 然后，任何使用 Appium 的人都可以安装驱动程序。

 [^3]: 您可以构建和分享自己的驱动程序！ 查看[构建驱动程序](../developing/build-drivers.md)以了解更多关于如何在 Node.js 中开发可与 Appium 一起使用的驱动程序的信息。

 ## 通用编程语言访问

-但使用 Appium 意味着什么，或者看起来像什么？ 由于 Appium 最终是一个 Node.js 程序，它_可以_看起来像将 Appium 及其驱动程序作为库导入到您自己的 Node.js 程序中。 但这不会满足 Appium 的目标，即为使用任何流行编程语言的人提供自动化功能。
+但使用 Appium 意味着什么，或者看起来像什么？ 由于 Appium 最终是一个 Node.js 程序，&#x5B83;_&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;_&#x770B;起来像将 Appium 及其驱动程序作为库导入到您自己的 Node.js 程序中。 但这不会满足 Appium 的目标，即为使用任何流行编程语言的人提供自动化功能。

 幸运的是，Appium 继承 Selenium 的遗产意味着我们从一开始就有了这个问题的解决方案。 您看，WebDriver 规范实际上是一个基于 HTTP 的协议，这意味着它被设计为通过网络而不是单个程序的内存使用。

@@ -67,16 +67,16 @@ Appium 的最初目标是为移动应用（iOS 和 Android）开发自动化标

 这里有几个重要的点供 Appium 用户了解：

- Appium 是一个_HTTP 服务器_。 只要您想使用它进行自动化，它必须在某台计算机上作为进程运行。 它必须在网络上可访问，以方便您想要运行自动化的任何计算机访问（无论是同一台机器还是世界另一端的机器）。
+- Appium 是一&#x4E2A;_&#x48;TTP 服务器_。 只要您想使用它进行自动化，它必须在某台计算机上作为进程运行。 它必须在网络上可访问，以方便您想要运行自动化的任何计算机访问（无论是同一台机器还是世界另一端的机器）。
 - 除非您想编写原始 HTTP 调用或使用 cURL，否则请使用您选择的语言的 [Appium 客户端](clients.md)进行自动化。 每个客户端的目标是将 WebDriver 协议封装，以便您不必担心协议本身，而是可以使用感觉适合您语言的对象和方法。
- Appium 服务器和 Appium 客户端_不需要_在同一台计算机上运行。 您只需能够通过某个网络从客户端向服务器发送 HTTP 请求。
+- Appium 服务器和 Appium 客户&#x7AEF;_&#x4E0D;需&#x8981;_&#x5728;同一台计算机上运行。 您只需能够通过某个网络从客户端向服务器发送 HTTP 请求。
  这大大促进了云提供商对 Appium 的使用，因为他们可以托管 Appium 服务器以及任何相关驱动程序和设备，您只需将客户端脚本指向他们的安全端点。

 当然，这一切都不是关于“测试”本身，只是出于自动化目的使用 Appium 及其客户端库。 如果您想出于“测试”目的进行自动化，您可能希望利用测试运行器、测试框架等的帮助，这些都不需要与 Appium 相关；Appium“通用可访问性”的好处之一是它与您发现最适合您情况的任何工具集配合良好。

 ## Appium 的巨大范围

-Appium 的愿景（在单一 API 下自动化一切）是巨大的！ 当然，比开源项目的核心维护者团队大得多。 那么 Appium 如何希望实现这一目标？ 基本上，通过授权社区在 Appium 之上作为_平台_开发功能。 这就是我们所谓的 Appium“生态系统”。
+Appium 的愿景（在单一 API 下自动化一切）是巨大的！ 当然，比开源项目的核心维护者团队大得多。 那么 Appium 如何希望实现这一目标？ 基本上，通过授权社区在 Appium 之上作&#x4E3A;_&#x5E73;&#x53F0;_&#x5F00;发功能。 这就是我们所谓的 Appium“生态系统”。

 Appium 团队确实自己维护了一些驱动程序（例如，我们之前讨论的 XCUITest 驱动程序）。 但它无法拥有特定于平台的专业知识或维护许多不同平台的驱动程序的能力。 但我们所做的，特别是从 Appium 2 开始，是提供工具来授权社区加入我们的愿景：

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ hide:
 title: Appium 客户端简介
 ---

-出于[概述](./appium.md)中讨论的所有原因，Appium 基于 [W3C WebDriver 规范](https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/)。 这意味着 Appium 实现了客户端-服务器架构。 服务器（由 Appium 本身以及您用于自动化的任何驱动程序或插件组成）连接到测试设备，并实际负责在这些设备上实现自动化。 客户端（由_您_驱动，Appium 测试作者）负责通过网络向服务器发送命令，并接收来自服务器的响应。 这些响应可用于判断自动化命令是否成功，或可能包含您查询的关于应用程序状态的信息。 本文档是对客户端方面的概念性介绍。
+出于[概述](./appium.md)中讨论的所有原因，Appium 基于 [W3C WebDriver 规范](https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/)。 这意味着 Appium 实现了客户端-服务器架构。 服务器（由 Appium 本身以及您用于自动化的任何驱动程序或插件组成）连接到测试设备，并实际负责在这些设备上实现自动化。 客户端（&#x7531;_&#x60A8;_&#x9A71;动，Appium 测试作者）负责通过网络向服务器发送命令，并接收来自服务器的响应。 这些响应可用于判断自动化命令是否成功，或可能包含您查询的关于应用程序状态的信息。 本文档是对客户端方面的概念性介绍。

 !!! info

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ title: Appium 客户端简介
 - 获取页面源代码
 - 截取屏幕截图

-如果您查看 WebDriver 规范中的这些命令，您会注意到它们不是以任何特定编程语言定义的。 它们不是 Java 命令、JavaScript 命令或 Python 命令。 相反，它们形成了可以通过_任何_编程语言访问的 HTTP API（ 如果您愿意，您可以只使用 cURL）。
+如果您查看 WebDriver 规范中的这些命令，您会注意到它们不是以任何特定编程语言定义的。 它们不是 Java 命令、JavaScript 命令或 Python 命令。 相反，它们形成了可以通&#x8FC7;_&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;_&#x7F16;程语言访问的 HTTP API（ 如果您愿意，您可以只使用 cURL）。

 例如，`查找元素`命令对应于发送到 HTTP 端点 `/session/:sessionid/element` 的 HTTP `POST` 请求（其中`:sessionid` 是服务器在之前 `创建会话` 调用中生成的唯一会话 ID 的占位符）。

@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ class MyNewDriver extends BaseDriver {
 }
 ```

-这个空驱动程序不会_做_任何事情，但你可以将它打包成一个 Node.js 模块，在模块的清单文件（`package.json`）中添加一些与 Appium 相关的字段，然后使用 `appium driver install` 安装它。
+这个空驱动程序不&#x4F1A;_&#x505A;_&#x4EFB;何事情，但你可以将它打包成一个 Node.js 模块，在模块的清单文件（`package.json`）中添加一些与 Appium 相关的字段，然后使用 `appium driver install` 安装它。

-因此，从技术角度来看，Appium 驱动程序只是一些继承自其他 Appium 代码的代码。 就是这样！ 现在，继承自 `BaseDriver` 实际上给了我们很多东西，因为 `BaseDriver` 本质上是整个 WebDriver 协议的封装。 所以驱动程序要做一些有用的事情，只需要_实现_名称与其 WebDriver 协议等效的 Node.js 方法。
+因此，从技术角度来看，Appium 驱动程序只是一些继承自其他 Appium 代码的代码。 就是这样！ 现在，继承自 `BaseDriver` 实际上给了我们很多东西，因为 `BaseDriver` 本质上是整个 WebDriver 协议的封装。 所以驱动程序要做一些有用的事情，只需&#x8981;_&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;_&#x540D;称与其 WebDriver 协议等效的 Node.js 方法。

-假设我想用这个空驱动程序做点什么；首先我必须决定要实现哪个 WebDriver 命令。 对于我们的例子，让我们选择[Navigate To](https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#navigate-to) WebDriver 命令。 暂时不考虑当这个命令执行时我想让驱动程序_做_什么。 要告诉 Appium 驱动程序可以处理这个命令，我们所要做的就是在驱动程序类中定义一个像这样的方法：[^1]
+假设我想用这个空驱动程序做点什么；首先我必须决定要实现哪个 WebDriver 命令。 对于我们的例子，让我们选择[Navigate To](https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#navigate-to) WebDriver 命令。 暂时不考虑当这个命令执行时我想让驱动程&#x5E8F;_&#x505A;_&#x4EC0;么。 要告诉 Appium 驱动程序可以处理这个命令，我们所要做的就是在驱动程序类中定义一个像这样的方法：[^1]

 ```js
 async setUrl(url) {
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ async setUrl(url) {
 - React 应用：加载特定路由
 - Unity：转到指定场景

-因此，你可以看到，不同平台上驱动程序实现相同 WebDriver 命令的方式可能存在很大差异。[^2] 然而，_相同_的是它们表达可以处理协议命令的方式。
+因此，你可以看到，不同平台上驱动程序实现相同 WebDriver 命令的方式可能存在很大差异。[^2] 然而，_相&#x540C;_&#x7684;是它们表达可以处理协议命令的方式。

 [^2]: 当然，我们希望保持语义尽可能相似，但在 iOS 的世界里，例如，通过深度链接（具有特殊应用特定方案的 URL）启动应用是我们最接近导航到 Web URL 的方式。

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ async setUrl(url) {

 ## 自动化映射

-但_通常_驱动程序作者想要做的是为给定的平台提供自动化行为，这些行为在语义上与浏览器的 WebDriver 规范实现非常相似。 当你想查找一个元素时，你应该得到一个 UI 元素的引用。 当你想点击或轻触该元素时，产生的行为应该与人点击或轻触该元素相同。 等等。
+&#x4F46;_&#x901A;&#x5E38;_&#x9A71;动程序作者想要做的是为给定的平台提供自动化行为，这些行为在语义上与浏览器的 WebDriver 规范实现非常相似。 当你想查找一个元素时，你应该得到一个 UI 元素的引用。 当你想点击或轻触该元素时，产生的行为应该与人点击或轻触该元素相同。 等等。

 因此，驱动程序作者面临的真正挑战不是如何使用 WebDriver 协议（因为 `BaseDriver` 为你封装了所有这些），而是如何在目标平台上实现实际的自动化。 每个驱动程序都依赖于自己的一套底层技术。 正如[概览](index.md)中提到的，iOS 驱动程序使用 Apple 的一项名为 [XCUITest](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xctest/xcuielement) 的技术。 这些底层自动化技术通常都有自己专有或特殊的 API。 编写驱动程序就是将 WebDriver 协议映射到这个底层 API 的任务（有时是一组不同的底层 API——例如，UiAutomator2 驱动程序不仅依赖于 Google 的 [UiAutomator2](https://developer.android.com/training/testing/other-components/ui-automator) 技术，还依赖于只能通过 [ADB](https://developer.android.com/tools/adb) 获得的功能，以及只能通过辅助应用内的 Android SDK 获得的功能）。 将所有这些整合到一个单一、可用的 WebDriver 接口中，是驱动程序开发这项非常有用（但极具挑战性）的艺术！

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ WebDriver 协议！ 没错，XCUITest 驱动程序的 Objective-C 端本身就
 这为 Appium 在某些情况下走捷径开辟了可能性。
 让我们想象一下 XCUITest 驱动程序需要实现 `Click Element` 命令。 这个实现的内部代码看起来就像是获取适当的参数并构造一个到 WebDriverAgent 服务器的 HTTP 请求。 在这种情况下，我们基本上只是在重建客户端对 Appium 服务器的原始调用！[^4] 所以实际上没有必要编写一个函数来实现 `Click Element` 命令。 相反，XCUITest 驱动程序可以让 Appium 知道这个命令应该直接代理到其他 WebDriver 服务器。

-[^4]: 这不是_完全_相同的调用，因为 Appium 服务器和 WebDriverAgent 服务器会生成不同的会话 ID，但这些差异会被透明地处理。
+[^4]: 这不&#x662F;_&#x5B8C;&#x5168;_&#x76F8;同的调用，因为 Appium 服务器和 WebDriverAgent 服务器会生成不同的会话 ID，但这些差异会被透明地处理。

 如果你不熟悉"代理"的概念，在这种情况下，它只是意味着 XCUITest 驱动程序根本不会参与处理该命令。 相反，它只会在协议级别被重新打包并转发到 WebDriverAgent，WebDriverAgent 的响应同样会直接传回客户端，而不会有任何 XCUITest 驱动程序代码看到或修改它。

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ hide:
 title: Appium 概览
 ---

-如主页所述，Appium 旨在支持_多个不同平台_（移动端、Web、桌面等）的 UI 自动化。 不仅如此，它还旨在支持用_不同语言_（JS、Java、Python 等）编写的自动化代码。 将所有这些功能整合到一个程序中是一项非常艰巨的任务，甚至可以说是不可能完成的任务！
+如主页所述，Appium 旨在支&#x6301;_&#x591A;个不同平台_（移动端、Web、桌面等）的 UI 自动化。 不仅如此，它还旨在支持&#x7528;_&#x4E0D;同语言_（JS、Java、Python 等）编写的自动化代码。 将所有这些功能整合到一个程序中是一项非常艰巨的任务，甚至可以说是不可能完成的任务！

 为了实现这一目标，Appium 实际上被分为四个部分：

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ title: 安装 UiAutomator2 驱动程序
 像所有 Appium 驱动程序一样，UiAutomator 2 驱动程序通过 [Appium 扩展 CLI](../reference/cli/extensions.md) 安装。
 由于 UiAutomator 2 由核心 Appium 团队维护，它有一个“官方”驱动程序名称（`uiautomator2`），这使得安装更简单。

-在安装之前，确保您的 Appium 服务器_未_运行（如果正在运行，请用 _Ctrl-C_ 退出）。
+在安装之前，确保您的 Appium 服务&#x5668;_&#x672A;_&#x8FD0;行（如果正在运行，请用 _Ctrl-C_ 退出）。
 然后运行以下命令：

 ```bash
@@ -107,6 +107,48 @@ Retrieves the [execute methods](../../guides/execute-methods.md) supported in th
 origin (driver-specific or plugin-specific). Refer to [the type definition file](https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/packages/types/lib/command.ts)
 for a detailed structure of this object.

+### getCurrentAppiumContext
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/context
+```
+
+Retrieves the active application context.
+
+#### Response
+
+`string` - the name of the active context
+
+### setAppiumContext
+
+```
+POST /session/:sessionId/appium/context
+```
+
+Sets an application context as the active context.
+
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name   | Description                                  | Type   |
+| ------ | -------------------------------------------- | ------ |
+| `name` | Name of the context to set as the active one | string |
+
+#### Response
+
+`null`
+
+### getAppiumContexts
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/contexts
+```
+
+Retrieves all available application contexts.
+
+#### Response
+
+`string[]` - the names of available contexts
+
 ### getLogEvents

 ```
@@ -393,3 +435,71 @@ Retrieves data from a directory on the device under test.
 #### Response

 `string` - the Base64-encoded zip file of the directory contents
+
+### getAppiumRotation
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/device/rotation
+```
+
+Retrieves the current spatial orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Response
+
+`Rotation` - an object with the following properties:
+
+| Name | Description                                          | Type   |
+| ---- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ------ |
+| `x`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its X axis | number |
+| `y`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Y axis | number |
+| `z`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Z axis | number |
+
+### setAppiumRotation
+
+```
+POST /session/:sessionId/appium/device/rotation
+```
+
+Sets the spatial orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Description                                          | Type   |
+| ---- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ------ |
+| `x`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its X axis | number |
+| `y`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Y axis | number |
+| `z`  | Degrees by which the device is rotated on its Z axis | number |
+
+#### Response
+
+`null`
+
+### getAppiumOrientation
+
+```
+GET /session/:sessionId/appium/device/orientation
+```
+
+Retrieves the current orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Response
+
+`string` - either `PORTRAIT` or `LANDSCAPE`
+
+### setAppiumOrientation
+
+```
+POST /session/:sessionId/appium/device/orientation
+```
+
+Sets the orientation of the device under test.
+
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name          | Description                                                                                             | Type   |
+| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------ |
+| `orientation` | New device orientation. Supported values are `PORTRAIT` or `LANDSCAPE`. | string |
+
+#### Response
+
+`null`
@@ -140,6 +140,10 @@ GET /session/:sessionId/orientation

 Retrieves the current orientation of the device under test.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`getAppiumOrientation`](./appium.md#getappiumorientation) instead
+
 #### Response

 `string` - either `PORTRAIT` or `LANDSCAPE`
@@ -154,6 +158,10 @@ POST /session/:sessionId/orientation

 Sets the orientation of the device under test.

+!!! warning "Deprecated"
+
+    Please use [`setAppiumOrientation`](./appium.md#setappiumorientation) instead
+
 #### Parameters

 | Name          | Description                                                                                             | Type   |
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More